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  • 1
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    Summary for Policymakers (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-32, ISBN: 9781107641655
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Services (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/, Cambridge University Press, pp. 197-377
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Laboratory soil piping and internal erosion experiments: evaluation of a soil piping model for low-compacted soils (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-21
    Description: ABSTRACT Mechanistic models have been proposed for soil piping and internal erosion on well-compacted levees and dams, but limited research has evaluated these models in less compacted (more erodible) soils typical of hillslopes and streambanks. This study utilized a soil box (50 cm long, 50 cm wide and 20 cm tall) to conduct constant-head, soil pipe and internal erosion experiments for two soils (clay loam from Dry Creek and sandy loam from Cow Creek streambanks) packed at uniform bulk densities. Initial gravimetric moisture contents prior to packing were 10, 12 and 14% for Dry Creek soil and 8, 12, and 14% for Cow Creek soil. A 1-cm diameter rod was placed horizontally along the length of the soil bed during packing and carefully removed after packing to create a continuous soil pipe. A constant head was maintained at the inflow end. Flow rates and sediment concentrations were measured from the pipe outlet. Replicate submerged jet erosion tests (JETs) were conducted to derive erodibility parameters for repacked samples at the same moisture contents. Flow rates from the box experiments were used to calibrate the mechanistic model. The influence of the initial moisture content was apparent, with some pipes (8% moisture content) expanding so fast that limited data was collected. The mechanistic model was able to estimate equivalent flow rates to those observed in the experiments, but had difficulty matching observed sediment concentrations when the pipes rapidly expanded. The JETs predicted similar erodibility coefficients compared to the mechanistic model for the more erodible cases but not for the less erodible cases (14% moisture content). Improved models are needed that better define the changing soil pipe cross-section during supply- and transport-limited internal erosion, especially for piping through lower compacted (more erodible) soils as opposed to more well-compacted soils resulting from constructing levees and dams. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    Synthesis and outlook on future research and scientific education in southern Africa (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The sustainability of southern Africa’s natural and managed marine and terrestrial ecosystems is threatened by overuse, mismanagement, population pressures, degradation, and climate change. Counteracting unsustainable development requires a deep understanding of earth system processes and how these are affected by ongoing and anticipated global changes. This information must be translated into practical policy and management interventions. Climate models project that the rate of terrestrial warming in southern Africa is above the global terrestrial average. Moreover, most of the region will become drier. Already there is evidence that climate change is disrupting ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. This is likely to continue in the foreseeable future, but impacts can be partly mitigated through urgent implementation of appropriate policy and management interventions to enhance resilience and sustainability of the ecosystems. The recommendations presented in the previous chapters are informed by a deepened scientific understanding of the relevant earth system processes, but also identify research and knowledge gaps. Ongoing disciplinary research remains critical, but needs to be complemented with cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research that can integrate across temporal and spatial scales to give a fuller understanding of not only individual components of the complex earth-system, but how they interact.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    Unique southern African terrestrial and oceanic biomes and their relation to steep environmental gradients (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The southern African subcontinent and its surrounding oceans accommodate globally unique ecoregions, characterized by exceptional biodiversity and endemism. This diversity is shaped by extended and steep physical gradients or environmental discontinuities found in both ocean and terrestrial biomes. The region’s biodiversity has historically been the basis of life for indigenous cultures and continues to support countless economic activities, many of them unsustainable, ranging from natural resource exploitation, an extensive fisheries industry and various forms of land use to nature-based tourism. Being at the continent’s southern tip, terrestrial species have limited opportunities for adaptive range shifts under climate change, while warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Marine climate change effects are complex, as warming may strengthen thermal stratification, while shifts in regional wind regimes influence ocean currents and the intensity of nutrient-enriching upwelling. The flora and fauna of marine and terrestrial southern African biomes are of vital importance for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. They thus deserve special attention in further research on the impacts of anthropogenic pressures including climate change. Excellent preconditions exist in the form of long-term data sets of high quality to support scientific advice for future sustainable management of these vulnerable biomes.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Narrowing pathways to a sustainable future (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-18
    Keywords: Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration and defoliation on the growth of Themeda triandra (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (700 μmol mol−1) on defoliated (three clippings at 3-week intervals) and undefoliated plants were determined for the C4 grass Themeda triandra, Forsk. The elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased leaf regrowth following defoliation, and total leaf production was greatest in this treatment. Shoot biomass of undefoliated plants was also increased under the elevated CO2 concentration treatment. The primary effect of the elevated CO2 concentration in both defoliated and undefoliated plants was an increase in individual leaf length and mass of dry matter, linked to a higher leaf water content and increased photosynthetic rates at the canopy level. Photosynthetic down-regulation at the leaf level occurred, but this was compensated for by increased assimilation rates and greater canopy leaf area at the elevated CO2 concentration. Increases in leaf and sheath growth of defoliated plants in the elevated CO2 concentration treatment were lost following a final 3-week reversion to ambient CO2 concentration, but occurred in plants exposed to the elevated CO2 concentration for the final 3-week period only. In conclusion, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration increases shoot growth via increased leaf extension, which is directly dependent on stimulation of concurrent photosynthesis. CO2 responsiveness is sustained following moderate defoliation but is reduced when plants experience reduced vigour as a result of maturation or high frequency of defoliation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00420.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A randomized comparison of 4 weeks of terbinafine vs. 8 weeks of griseofulvin for the treatment of tinea capitis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Tinea capitis is a common childhood infection that has recently become more frequent in urban areas in Europe and the U.S.A. The current licensed treatment in children is griseofulvin 10 mg kg−1 daily, which is usually given for 6–8 weeks. Objectives To compare this treatment with a 4-week course of oral terbinafine. Methods Terbinafine was given at the following doses: in children weighing 〈 20 kg, 62·5 mg daily; 20–40 kg, 125 mg daily; 〉 40 kg, 250 mg daily. Two hundred and ten children aged 2–16 years, with mycologically confirmed tinea capitis, were randomized to 4 weeks treatment with terbinafine or 8 weeks with griseofulvin, and followed for a total of 24 weeks to determine the difference between treatments with respect to short- and long-term efficacy and tolerability. Results One hundred and forty-seven patients were evaluable (terbinafine 77, griseofulvin 70). Although the 4-week course of terbinafine resulted in a trend to more rapid clearance of tinea capitis, there were no statistically significant differences between the two drugs in terms of overall outcome or tolerability, apart from in a subgroup of patients with Trichophyton infections, and weighing 〉 20 kg, who responded better to terbinafine than to griseofulvin at 4 weeks. By contrast, there was a better response to griseofulvin than to terbinafine in patients with Microsporum audouinii infections. Conclusions Overall, the study showed that 4 weeks of treatment with oral terbinafine has similar efficacy to 8 weeks of treatment with griseofulvin for the management of tinea capitis in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04022.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of alternative soft magnetic materials in rotary variable differential transformers : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4295-4297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Position sensors are a key technology for controlled actuation systems, which are required to meet increasingly exacting dynamic performance specifications. Of the various sensing technologies, variable differential transformers are capable of satisfying stringent performance criteria, in terms of resolution, repeatability, and stability of output, while operating in the harshest of environments. They utilize the variation of mutual inductance which occurs between a primary and two secondary coils as a ferromagnetic core is moved by the object whose position is to be measured. The article is concerned with rotary variable differential transformers, which currently use high permeability magnetic alloys, such as nickel–iron, either solid or laminated. However, since they are being required to operate at increased excitation frequencies, up to 5 kHz, there is interest in the use of powder composite magnetic materials, which, although having a lower permeability, have a higher electrical resistivity, and hence reduced eddy current effects. The potential for such materials is investigated by steady-state ac finite element analysis, and shown to be promising. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364807
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation in successive generations increases developmental instability (leaf fluctuating asymmetry) in a desert annual (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Populations of the desert annual Dimorphotheca sinuata, derived from a common seed stock, were exposed concurrently over four successive generations to either ambient (representing no stratospheric ozone depletion) or elevated (representing 20% stratospheric ozone depletion) UV-B levels during their complete life cycle. Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was measured in populations of plants grown from seeds of selected generations which had experienced different UV-B exposure histories, and from seeds collected from a wild population of this species which grows in a naturally enhanced UV-B environment. These measured plants had been grown in a greenhouse under essentially UV-B-free conditions. Leaf FA was significantly increased by greater numbers of enhanced UV-B exposures in the parentage of the seed. There was a linear to exponential dose–response relationship between number of UV-B exposure iterations in seed parentage and leaf FA, suggesting that damage to DNA caused by UV-B exposure during plant development may not be fully repaired, and thus be inherited by offspring and accumulated over successive generations in this species. Leaf FA of plants grown from seed from the wild population was not significantly greater than that of control plants whose parentage experienced only ambient UV-B exposures, although this negative result may have been due to low sampling intensity and measurement resolution, and the relatively low UV-B enhancement experienced by the wild population. We conclude that leaf FA may constitute a relatively sensitive yet inexpensive means of quantifying UV-B damage to plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00274.x
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