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  • 1
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    Black Sea temperature response to glacial millennial-scale climate variability (2015)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, 42(19), pp. 8147-8154, ISSN: 00948276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Early anthropogenic impact on Western Central African rainforests 2,600 y ago (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(13), pp. 3261-3266, ISSN: 0027-8424
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-06
    Description: A potential human footprint on Western Central African rainforests before the Common Era has become the focus of an ongoing controversy. Between 3,000 y ago and 2,000 y ago, regional pollen sequences indicate a replacement of mature rainforests by a forest–savannah mosaic including pioneer trees. Although some studies suggested an anthropogenic influence on this forest fragmentation, current interpretations based on pollen data attribute the ‘‘rainforest crisis’’ to climate change toward a drier, more seasonal climate. A rigorous test of this hypothesis, however, requires climate proxies independent of vegetation changes. Here we resolve this controversy through a continuous 10,500-y record of both vegetation and hydrological changes from Lake Barombi in Southwest Cameroon based on changes in carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of plant waxes. δ¹³C-inferred vegetation changes confirm a prominent and abrupt appearance of C4 plants in the Lake Barombi catchment, at 2,600 calendar years before AD 1950 (cal y BP), followed by an equally sudden return to rainforest vegetation at 2,020 cal y BP. δD values from the same plant wax compounds, however, show no simultaneous hydrological change. Based on the combination of these data with a comprehensive regional archaeological database we provide evidence that humans triggered the rainforest fragmentation 2,600 y ago. Our findings suggest that technological developments, including agricultural practices and iron metallurgy, possibly related to the large-scale Bantu expansion, significantly impacted the ecosystems before the Common Era.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures (2013)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Wiley, 14(12), pp. 5263-5285, ISSN: 1525-2027
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-25
    Description: wo commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility ±3–4°C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility ±0.41 on a scale of 0–1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0°C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the “true” (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10 (2009): Q03012, doi:10.1029/2008GC002221.
    Description: Recently, two new proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) were proposed, i.e., the TEX86 proxy for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. In this study, fifteen laboratories participated in a round robin study of two sediment extracts with a range of TEX86 and BIT values to test the analytical reproducibility and repeatability in analyzing these proxies. For TEX86 the repeatability, indicating intra-laboratory variation, was 0.028 and 0.017 for the two sediment extracts or ±1–2°C when translated to temperature. The reproducibility, indicating among-laboratory variation, of TEX86 measurements was substantially higher, i.e., 0.050 and 0.067 or ±3–4°C when translated to temperature. The latter values are higher than those obtained in round robin studies of Mg/Ca and U37 k′ paleothermometers, suggesting the need to primarily improve compatibility between labs. The repeatability of BIT measurements for the sediment with substantial amounts of soil organic matter input was relatively small, 0.029, but reproducibility was large, 0.410. This large variance could not be attributed to specific equipment used or a particular data treatment. We suggest that this may be caused by the large difference in the molecular weight in the GDGTs used in the BIT index, i.e., crenarchaeol versus the branched GDGTs. Potentially, this difference gives rise to variable responses in the different mass spectrometers used. Calibration using authentic standards is needed to establish compatibility between labs performing BIT measurements.
    Keywords: TEX86 ; BIT ; Round robin ; HPLC/MS
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Hydrology in the Sea of Marmara during the last 23 ka : implications for timing of Black Sea connections and sapropel deposition (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 25 (2010): PA1205, doi:10.1029/2009PA001735.
    Description: Sediments deposited under lacustrine and marine conditions in the Sea of Marmara hold a Late Quaternary record for water exchange between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Here we report a multiproxy data set based on oxygen and strontium isotope results obtained from carbonate shells, major and trace elements, and specific organic biomarker measurements, as well as a micropaleontological study from a 14C-dated sediment core retrieved from the Sea of Marmara. Pronounced changes occurred in δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values at the fresh and marine water transition, providing additional information in relation to micropaleontological data. Organic biomarker concentrations documented the marine origin of the sapropelic layer while changes in n-alkane concentrations clearly indicated an enhanced contribution for organic matter of terrestrial origin before and after the event. When compared with the Black Sea record, the results suggest that the Black Sea was outflowing to the Sea of Marmara from the Last Glacial Maximum until the warmer Bølling-Allerød. The first marine incursion in the Sea of Marmara occurred at 14.7 cal ka B.P. However, salinification of the basin was gradual, indicating that Black Sea freshwaters were still contributing to the Marmara seawater budget. After the Younger Dryas (which is associated with a high input of organic matter of terrestrial origin) both basins were disconnected, resulting in a salinity increase in the Sea of Marmara. The deposition of organic-rich sapropel that followed was mainly related to enhanced primary productivity characterized by a reorganization of the phytoplankton population.
    Description: We acknowledge support from INSU and the French Polar Institute IPEV.
    Keywords: Marmara Sea ; Lacustrine to marine transition
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14 (2013): 5263–5285, doi:10.1002/2013GC004904.
    Description: Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility ±3–4°C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility ±0.41 on a scale of 0–1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0°C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the “true” (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.
    Description: S.S. thanks the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for financial support through a VICI grant and Jaap van der Meer for advice and support on the statistical analysis. A.P. thanks Susan Carter for laboratory assistance and NSF-OCE for funding. A.R.M. thanks Jordi Coello and N uria Moraleda for advice and support on the statistical analysis and Spanish Ministry for research and innovation (MICIIN) for funding. V.G. thanks Xavier Philippon and Carl Johnson for technical assistance. K.G. and M.W. thank the Australian Research Council and John de Laeter Centre for funding toward the LC-MS system, and ARC Fellowship awarded to K.G. C.L.Z. thanks the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and the Chinese ‘‘National Thousand Talents’’ program for supporting the LC-MS work performed at Tongji University.
    Description: 2014-06-20
    Keywords: TEX86 ; BIT ; GDGT ; Round robin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: text/plain
    Format: application/msword
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) percentage for the surface transect from the New Mongolian-Siberian Data Base (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: The brGDGT abundances was microwave extracted from the sediment using (DCM):MeOH solvent twice. Then the polar and apolar part were separated and undergo High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometery (HPLC-APCI-MS, Agilent 1200) to quantify brGDGT concentration and fractional abundances.
    Keywords: Arid Central Asia; Baikal area; Baikal region; Branched Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, fractional abundance Ia; Branched Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, fractional abundance Ib; Branched Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, fractional abundance Ic; brGDGTs; calibration; climate reconstruction; Date/Time of event; Elevation of event; Event label; Gobi, Mongolia, Asia; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-APCI-MS); Khangai, Mongolia, Asia; Khentii, Mongolia, Asia; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Methylation index of 5-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 5-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 5-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 5-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 5-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 5-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 7-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 7-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 7-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa, fractional abundance; Methylation index of 7-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb, fractional abundance; MMNT1M01; MMNT1M02; MMNT2M01; MMNT2M02; MMNT2M03; MMNT2M04; MMNT2M05p; MMNT2M06; MMNT2M07; MMNT3M03; MMNT3M04; MMNT3S01; MMNT3S02; MMNT3S05; MMNT4M09; MMNT4M10; MMNT4S01; MMNT4S02; MMNT4S03; MMNT4S04; MMNT4S05; MMNT4S06; MMNT4S07; MMNT4S08; MMNT4S11; MMNT4S12; MMNT4S13; MMNT4S14; MMNT5C01; MMNT5C03; MMNT5M04; MMNT5M05; Mongolia; MRUT1M01; MRUT1M02; MRUT1M03; MRUT1M04; MRUT1M05; MRUT1M06; MRUT1M07; MRUT1M08; MRUT1M09; MRUT1M10; MRUT1M11; MRUT1M12; Pollen; SURF_S; Surface sample
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 836 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Elevation, vegetation, samples type and proxy type for the surface transect from the New Mongolian-Siberian Data Base (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-12
    Description: Paleoclimate reconstructions appear to be unavoidable steps in the future climate change understanding and especially the local calibration of the paleoclimate proxies. The Mongolian Plateau in particular, is a scarcely studied area. Here we present a latitudinal transect from the southern Siberian Baikal area to the Mongolian part of the Gobi desert: the New Mongolian-Siberian DataBase (NMSDB). The 49 surface samples presented in this dataset are from different types: moss polsters, surface soil samples and lacustrine top-cores. Two paleoclimate proxies have been carried here: pollen analysis and biomarkers (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, GDGTs). The actual bioclimate parameters of each sample sites are derived from the ASTER data (NASA, 2014) for the elevation (m a.s.l.) and the WorldClim2.0 interpolated climate database (Fick et Hijmans, 2017) for the climate parameters. The latitude, longitude and elevation as well as the sample type and the proxy type for each site is given in this dataset. We also indicate the main vegetation type surrounding each surface samples.
    Keywords: Abundance; Arid Central Asia; Baikal area; Baikal region; brGDGTs; calibration; climate reconstruction; Date/Time of event; Elevation of event; Event label; Gobi, Mongolia, Asia; Khangai, Mongolia, Asia; Khentii, Mongolia, Asia; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MMNT1M01; MMNT1M02; MMNT2M01; MMNT2M02; MMNT2M03; MMNT2M04; MMNT2M05; MMNT2M05p; MMNT2M06; MMNT2M07; MMNT3M03; MMNT3M04; MMNT3S01; MMNT3S02; MMNT3S05; MMNT4M09; MMNT4M10; MMNT4S01; MMNT4S02; MMNT4S03; MMNT4S04; MMNT4S05; MMNT4S06; MMNT4S07; MMNT4S08; MMNT4S11; MMNT4S12; MMNT4S14; MMNT5C01; MMNT5C03; MMNT5C11; MMNT5C12; MMNT5M04; MMNT5M05; MMNT5M06; MMNT5M07; Mongolia; MRUT1M01; MRUT1M02; MRUT1M03; MRUT1M04; MRUT1M05; MRUT1M06; MRUT1M07; MRUT1M08; MRUT1M09; MRUT1M10; MRUT1M11; MRUT1M12; Pollen; Sample type; SURF_S; Surface sample; Vegetation community; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 188 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Plant-waxes hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition and pollen data of sediment core B14 (Lake Barombi) (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Garcin, Yannick; Deschamps, Pierre; Ménot, Guillemette; de Saulieu, Geoffroy; Schefuß, Enno; Sebag, David; Dupont, Lydie M; Oslisly, Richard; Brademann, Brian; Mbusnum, Kevin G; Onana, Jean-Michel; Ako, Andrew A; Epp, Laura Saskia; Tjallingii, Rik; Strecker, Manfred R; Brauer, Achim; Sachse, Dirk (2018): Early anthropogenic impact on Western Central African rainforests 2,600 y ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(13), 3261-3266, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715336115
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: A potential human footprint on Western Central African rainforests before the Common Era has become the focus of an ongoing controversy. Between 3,000 y ago and 2,000 y ago, regional pollen sequences indicate a replacement of mature rainforests by a forest-savannah mosaic including pioneer trees. Although some studies suggested an anthropogenic influence on this forest fragmentation, current interpretations based on pollen data attribute the ''rainforest crisis'' to climate change toward a drier, more seasonal climate. A rigorous test of this hypothesis, however, requires climate proxies independent of vegetation changes. Here we resolve this controversy through a continuous 10,500-y record of both vegetation and hydrological changes from Lake Barombi in Southwest Cameroon based on changes in carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of plant waxes. d13C-inferred vegetation changes confirm a prominent and abrupt appearance of C4 plants in the Lake Barombi catchment, at 2,600 calendar years before AD 1950 (cal y BP), followed by an equally sudden return to rainforest vegetation at 2,020 cal y BP. dD values from the same plant wax compounds, however, show no simultaneous hydrological change. Based on the combination of these data with a comprehensive regional archaeological database we provide evidence that humans triggered the rainforest fragmentation 2,600 y ago. Our findings suggest that technological developments, including agricultural practices and iron metallurgy, possibly related to the large-scale Bantu expansion, significantly impacted the ecosystems before the Common Era.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Pollen percentage for the surface transect from the New Mongolian-Siberian Data Base (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Abies sibirica; Abundance estimate; Alisma spp.; Alnus spp.; Amaranthaceae; Apiaceae; Arid Central Asia; Artemisia spp.; Asteroideae; Baikal area; Baikal region; Betula spp.; Brassicaceae; brGDGTs; calibration; Calligonum-type; Campanula-type; Cannabis spp.; Carpinus spp.; Caryophyllaceae; Cereal-type; Cichorioideae; climate reconstruction; Convolvulus-type; Corylus spp.; Cyperaceae; Date/Time of event; Dipsacaceae; Elevation of event; Ephedra distachya; Ephedra fragilis; Epilobium-type; Ericaceae; Euphorbia spp.; Event label; Fabaceae; Fumariaceae; Gentiana-type; Geranium-type; Gobi, Mongolia, Asia; Hedera spp.; Helianthemum-type; Hippophae spp.; Hypericum perforatum; Juglans spp.; Juniperus spp.; Khangai, Mongolia, Asia; Khentii, Mongolia, Asia; Lamiaceae; Larix sibirica; Latitude of event; Liliaceae; Longitude of event; Malvaceae; MMNT1M01; MMNT1M02; MMNT2M01; MMNT2M02; MMNT2M03; MMNT2M04; MMNT2M05; MMNT2M05p; MMNT2M06; MMNT2M07; MMNT3M03; MMNT3M04; MMNT3S01; MMNT3S02; MMNT3S05; MMNT4M09; MMNT4M10; MMNT4S01; MMNT4S02; MMNT4S03; MMNT4S04; MMNT4S05; MMNT4S06; MMNT4S07; MMNT4S08; MMNT4S11; MMNT4S12; MMNT4S14; MMNT5C01; MMNT5C03; MMNT5C11; MMNT5C12; MMNT5M04; MMNT5M05; MMNT5M06; MMNT5M07; Mongolia; MRUT1M01; MRUT1M02; MRUT1M03; MRUT1M04; MRUT1M05; MRUT1M06; MRUT1M07; MRUT1M08; MRUT1M09; MRUT1M10; MRUT1M11; MRUT1M12; Nitraria spp.; Papaver spp.; Parnassia palustris; Picea obovata; Pinus sibirica; Pinus sylvestris; Plantago lanceolata; Plantago-type; Plumbaginaceae; Poaceae; Pollen; Polygala-type; Polygonum-type; Populus tremula; Primula-type; Quercus deciduous; Ranunculus-type; Rhamnaceae; Ribes spp.; Rosaceae; Rubiaceae; Rumex-type; Salix spp.; Saxifragaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Sedum-type; Spergularia-type; SURF_S; Surface sample; Tamarix spp.; Thalictrum spp.; Thymelaeaceae; Tribulus spp.; Ulmus spp.; Urtica spp.; Valeriana-type; Veratrum spp.; Zygophyllum spp.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3552 data points
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