Keywords:
Wildlife management.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This handbook systematically explains the substance of plant protection. It covers regulations, policies and procedures used to protect domestic agriculture and natural resources from attack by invasive alien species via international trade and travel.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (729 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789400773653
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1592550
DDC:
571.92
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Plant Biosecurity: Past, Present and Future -- 1.1 The Global Threat to Agriculture and the Environment Posed by Pests -- 1.2 Trade, Travel, Transport and the Threat of Pests -- 1.3 Plant Biosecurity: The Integration of Economic, Environmental and Political Perspectives Within Plant Protection -- References -- Chapter 2: The International Regulatory Framework -- 2.1 International Plant Protection Agreements -- 2.2 International Plant Protection Convention -- 2.2.1 The 1997 Revised Text of the IPPC -- 2.2.2 Key Principles -- 2.2.3 Organization and Functions of the IPPC -- 2.2.4 Role of NPPOs in Regulatory Activities -- 2.2.5 International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) -- 2.2.6 The Process of Developing ISPMs -- 2.2.7 IPPC Relationship to Other International Agreements -- 2.2.8 IPPC Relationship to the WTO-SPS Agreement -- 2.3 Provisional Measures and the Precautionary Principle -- 2.3.1 IPPC Relationship to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Cartagena Protocol -- 2.3.2 IPPC Relationship to the Cartagena Protocol -- 2.3.3 IPPC Relationship to FAO -- 2.4 The Future -- References -- Chapter 3: Domestic Regulatory Framework and Invasive Alien Species in China -- 3.1 Official Control: Regulations and Bureaucracy (Zhi-Hong Li) -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2 Legal System -- 3.1.3 AQSIQ, MOA, SFA and Branches -- 3.1.4 Summary -- 3.2 Technical Support: Academies and Universities (Zhi-Hong Li) -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 CAIQ, CAAS and CAF -- 3.2.3 Higher Education of Plant Protection and Forestry -- 3.2.4 Research Projects -- 3.2.5 Summary -- 3.3 Quarantine Techniques, Standards and Application (Shui-Fang Zhu) -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Pest Risk Analysis and Pest List -- 3.3.3 Pest Inspection and Testing.
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3.3.4 Pest Treatment -- 3.3.5 Pest Survey, Monitoring and Alert Response -- 3.3.6 Summary -- 3.4 Invasive Alien Species and Research in China (Fang-Hao Wan) -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Invasive Alien Species in China: Current Status and Trends of Occurrence -- 3.4.3 Chinese List and Databases of Quarantine Pests and Important Invasive Alien Species -- 3.4.4 Scientific Research on Invasive Species in China -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Importance of Core Biological Disciplines in Plant Biosecurity -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Overview of Biological Knowledge Needed to Conduct a Pest Risk Analysis -- 4.1.2 Chapter Objectives -- 4.2 Disciplines Relevant to Plant Biosecurity -- 4.2.1 Entomology -- 4.2.2 Acarology -- 4.2.3 Plant Pathology -- 4.2.4 Nematology -- 4.2.5 Malacology -- 4.2.6 Weed Science -- 4.3 Taxonomy and Phylogeny -- 4.3.1 Overview. The Role of Taxonomy and Systematics in Pest Risk Analysis -- 4.3.2 Binomial Nomenclature and the Linnaean Classification -- 4.4 Anatomical Characteristics of Important Insect Plant Pests -- 4.4.1 Insect Orders Important to Plant Biosecurity -- 4.4.2 The Insect Life Cycle -- 4.5 Anatomical Characteristics and Life Cycles of Plant Pathogens -- 4.5.1 Fungi -- 4.5.2 Bacteria -- 4.5.3 Viruses -- 4.6 Anatomical Characteristics and Life Cycle of Nematodes -- 4.7 Anatomical Structure and Its Relationship to Pest Risk Assessment -- 4.7.1 Insects -- 4.7.2 Mite Damage -- 4.7.3 Plant Pathogens -- 4.7.4 Nematodes -- 4.8 Risk Assessment, Organism Physiology and Response to Temperature and Moisture -- 4.9 Water Balance -- 4.10 Physiology, Life Processes and Risk Assessment -- 4.10.1 Physiology -- 4.10.2 Life Cycle, Reproduction and Dispersal -- 4.11 Ecology and Epidemiology -- 4.11.1 Overview -- 4.11.2 Population Ecology, Life Tables, Intrinsic Rates of Increase -- 4.11.3 Establishment Potential.
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4.11.4 Habitat Suitability -- 4.11.5 Temperature -- 4.11.6 Moisture -- 4.11.7 Seasonal Activity -- 4.11.8 Distribution and Spread -- 4.11.9 Impact and Yield Loss -- 4.11.10 Crop or Plant Susceptibility to Injury -- 4.11.11 Injury and Damage Caused by Insects -- 4.11.12 Injury and Damage Caused by Plant Pathogens -- 4.11.13 Injury and Damage Caused by Nematodes -- 4.12 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Pre-border Operations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Trade and Plant Protection -- 5.3 Legislation and Regulations -- 5.4 Cooperation and Communication -- 5.5 Pest Risk Analysis -- 5.6 Risk-Based Decision Making -- 5.7 Import-Export Programmes -- 5.7.1 Regulations and Policies -- 5.7.2 Enforcement -- 5.7.3 Risk Analysis and Scientific Information -- 5.7.4 Pest Identification -- 5.7.5 Inspection and Treatment -- 5.7.6 Surveillance -- 5.7.7 Stakeholder and International Relations -- References -- Chapter 6: The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Border Operations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Brief History of Plant Quarantine -- 6.3 Objective and Principles of a Phytosanitary Regulatory System -- 6.4 Role of a Phytosanitary Inspector -- 6.5 Phytosanitary Risk Products -- 6.5.1 Live Plants -- 6.5.2 Seed and Grain -- 6.5.3 Timber and Wooden Products -- 6.5.4 Fresh and Dried Plant Products -- 6.5.5 Highly Processed Plant Products -- 6.5.6 Soil -- 6.6 Phytosanitary Risk Pathways -- 6.6.1 Imported Cargo -- 6.6.2 Passenger Movements at Airports and Seaports -- 6.6.3 International Exchange of Mail -- 6.6.4 Inter-country Borders (Regulated and Non-regulated People Movement) -- 6.6.5 Climate Change -- 6.6.6 Other Considerations -- 6.7 Risk Mitigation: Managing Plant Phytosanitary Risks -- 6.7.1 Documentation and Information Management: Important Components for PPOs Mitigating Phytosanitary Risks.
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6.7.2 Pest-Free Areas and Pre-clearance -- 6.7.3 Inspection and Detection Systems -- 6.7.4 Treatment Options -- 6.7.5 Post-entry Plant Quarantine -- 6.7.6 Re-export and Destruction -- 6.7.7 Public Awareness and Engagement -- 6.7.8 Enforcement and Compliance -- 6.7.9 Access to Specialists -- 6.8 Role of Border Personnel in Export Functions -- 6.9 Useful Links -- References -- Chapter 7: The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Tools for Post-border Biosecurity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Standards of the International Plant Protection Convention -- 7.3 Biosecurity Legislation -- 7.4 Tools That Guide Organisational Response to Detection of New or Exotic Pests -- 7.4.1 How to Prioritise Resources and Assess Risk of Pest Incursion -- 7.5 Tools for Pest Diagnostics and Surveillance -- 7.5.1 Types of Diagnostic Tools -- 7.5.2 Tools for Pest Surveillance -- 7.6 Tools for Pest Risk and Economic Analyses -- 7.7 Tools for Eradication and Pest Management -- 7.8 Tools for Communication -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Agricultural Biosecurity Communications and Outreach -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 What Is at stake? -- 8.2.1 Chestnut Blight and Decline of the American Chestnut Tree -- 8.2.2 Tomato Potato Psyllid in New Zealand -- 8.2.3 Communicating with the Public to Offer Assurance That Pest Can Be Managed Safely -- 8.2.4 Origins of Public Skepticism About the Safety of Pest Management Tools -- 8.2.5 Origins of National Government´s Role in Environmental Protection -- 8.3 Messaging -- 8.3.1 Identify the Audience -- 8.3.2 Determine the Message´s Purpose -- 8.3.3 Craft the Message -- 8.3.4 Message Delivery -- 8.3.5 Obtain Feedback -- 8.4 Stakeholders -- 8.4.1 The Agricultural Sector´s Economic Role -- 8.4.2 Industry Stakeholders -- 8.4.3 Public Stakeholders -- 8.4.4 Social Media and Networking -- References.
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Chapter 9: The Role of Pest Risk Analysis in Plant Biosecurity -- 9.1 International Context for Pest Risk Analysis -- 9.2 Concepts and Terminology -- 9.3 Methodology -- 9.3.1 Initiation and Categorisation -- 9.3.2 Probability of Entry, Establishment and Spread -- 9.3.2.1 Summarising the Overall Probability of Entry, Establishment and Spread -- 9.3.3 Tools and Schemes for PRA -- 9.3.4 Consequences -- 9.3.5 Risk Estimation, ALP and ALR -- 9.4 Risk Management -- 9.5 Dealing with Uncertainty -- 9.6 Qualitative Versus Quantitative PRAs -- 9.7 Desirable Properties of a PRA -- Appendix 1: SPS Agreement, Article 5. Assessment of Risk and Determination of the Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection -- References -- Chapter 10: Phytosanitary Treatments -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 International Treatment Standards -- 10.2.1 International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures -- 10.2.2 ISPM 28: Phytosanitary Treatments for Regulated Pests -- 10.2.3 ISPM 15: Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in International Trade -- 10.3 Fumigation Treatments -- 10.3.1 Treatment Overview -- 10.3.2 Fumigants -- 10.3.3 Labeling -- 10.3.4 Enclosure Types -- 10.3.5 Certification of Fumigation Sites and Chambers -- 10.3.6 Operational Procedures -- 10.3.7 Packaging Requirements -- 10.3.8 Treatment Data Systems -- 10.4 Cold Treatments -- 10.4.1 Treatment Overview -- 10.4.2 In-Transit Vessel and Container Cold Treatments -- 10.4.3 Vessel Approval and Certification for Cold Treatment -- 10.4.4 Container Certification for Cold Treatment -- 10.4.5 Warehouse Cold Treatments -- 10.4.6 Operational Procedures -- 10.4.7 Treatment Data Systems -- 10.5 Heat Treatments -- 10.5.1 Treatment Overview -- 10.5.2 Heat Treatment Approaches -- 10.6 Irradiation -- 10.6.1 Treatment Overview -- 10.6.2 Treatment Facilities -- 10.6.3 Irradiation as a Methyl Bromide Alternative.
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10.7 Removal of External Pests from Fruit.
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