Note: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- About the companion website -- CHAPTER 1: Introduction -- 1.1 A historical background to metal aquatic chemistry -- 1.2 Historical problems with metal measurements in environmental media -- 1.3 Recent advances in aquatic metal analysis -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 2: An introduction to the cycling of metals in the biosphere -- 2.1 The hydrologic cycle -- 2.2 An introduction to the global cycling of trace metal(loid)s -- 2.2.1 The sources and cycling of metal(loid)s in the biosphere -- 2.2.2 Metal(loid) partitioning and solubility in natural waters -- 2.2.3 Human influence over metal(loid) fate and transport -- 2.2.4 Trace metal(loid) inputs to the atmosphere -- 2.2.5 Metal(loid)s in the terrestrial environment and freshwater ecosystems -- 2.2.6 The transport of metal(loid)s to the ocean -- 2.2.7 Trace metal(loid)s in ocean waters -- 2.2.8 Trace metal(loid) inputs from hydrothermal vents -- 2.3 Global cycles of some important trace metals -- 2.3.1 The global cycles of cadmium, copper, and zinc -- 2.3.2 The global cycle of mercury and lead -- 2.4 Chapter summary -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 3: Chemical thermodynamics and metal(loid) complexation in natural waters -- 3.1 Thermodynamic background for understanding trace metal(loid) complexation -- 3.1.1 The relationship between free energy and the equilibrium constant -- 3.1.2 Ionic strength effects -- 3.1.3 Thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics and steady state -- 3.2 Bonding, electronic configuration, and complex formation -- 3.2.1 Ligand Field Theory -- 3.2.2 Thermodynamic effects of orbital splitting -- 3.2.3 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of transition metals -- 3.2.4 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of non-transition metals and metalloids -- 3.3 Complexation of metals in solution. , 3.3.1 Inorganic complexation -- 3.3.2 An approach to determining metal(loid) speciation in solution -- 3.3.3 The chemistry and speciation of metal-binding ligands -- 3.3.4 The complexation of the major ions in solution -- 3.3.5 Metal complexation with low molecular weight organic ligands -- 3.3.6 Complexation to large molecular weight organic matter -- 3.4 Trace metal interactions with the solid phase -- 3.4.1 Precipitation and dissolution -- 3.4.2 Adsorption of metals to aqueous solids -- 3.4.3 Dissolved-particulate partition coefficients -- 3.4.4 Adsorption isotherms -- 3.4.5 A complexation-based model for adsorption -- 3.5 Redox transformations and thermodynamic calculations -- 3.5.1 Electrochemistry and the equilibrium constant -- 3.5.2 The range in electrode potential and the stability of water -- 3.5.3 Equilibrium calculations involving redox reactions -- 3.5.4 Environmental considerations and controlling reactions -- 3.6 Chapter summary -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 4: Modeling approaches to estimating speciation and interactions in aqueous systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The underlying basis and application of chemical equilibrium models -- 4.3 Adsorption modeling -- 4.4 Modeling interactions between cations and organic matter, and inorganic surfaces -- 4.4.1 The WHAM modeling approach -- 4.4.2 The NICA-Donnan modeling framework -- 4.4.3 Modeling the adsorption of humic acids to surfaces and the interaction with metal(loid)s -- 4.5 Modeling redox transformations -- 4.6 Modeling the kinetics of reactions -- 4.6.1 Reactions in solution -- 4.6.2 Adsorption/desorption kinetics -- 4.6.3 Uptake kinetics for microorganisms -- 4.7 Incorporating kinetics and thermodynamics into fate and transport modeling -- 4.8 Chapter summary -- Appendix 4.1 -- Appendix 4.1a -- Appendix 4.1b -- References -- Problems. , CHAPTER 5: Metal(loid)s in the atmosphere and their inputs to surface waters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Atmospheric transport and deposition -- 5.2.1 Dry deposition -- 5.2.2 Aerosol distributions and metal(loid) concentrations -- 5.2.3 Wet deposition -- 5.2.4 Atmospheric deposition fluxes -- 5.2.5 Source apportionment of atmospheric metal(loid)s -- 5.2.6 Gaseous volatilization and gas exchange of metal(loid) compounds -- 5.3 Atmospheric chemistry and surface water photochemistry of metals -- 5.4 Solubilization of aerosol metal(loid)s in natural waters -- 5.5 Focus topics -- 5.5.1 Focus topic: Atmospheric inputs and atmospheric chemistry of iron -- 5.5.2 Atmospheric chemistry and air-water exchange of mercury -- 5.6 Inputs of atmospheric metals to the biosphere -- 5.7 Chapter summary -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 6: Trace metal(loid)s in marine waters -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Metal(loid) partitioning in coastal and open ocean waters -- 6.2.1 The mechanisms of partitioning -- 6.2.2 Examination of metal speciation in the particulate phase -- 6.2.3 Examination of the complexation of metals with natural ligands in the filtered fraction -- 6.2.4 Metal concentrations in coastal waters -- 6.3 Metals in coastal and offshore sediments -- 6.3.1 Metals in the bulk phase -- 6.3.2 Metals in sediment porewater -- 6.3.3 Modeling metal cycling in sediments -- 6.3.4 Modeling of metal speciation in marine sediment porewaters -- 6.3.5 The importance of sediment resuspension and extreme events in coastal metal dynamics -- 6.3.6 Deep ocean sediments and manganese nodules and accretions -- 6.3.7 The biogeochemistry of metals in hydrothermal systems -- 6.4 Metal distributions in open ocean waters -- 6.4.1 Vertical distribution of metal(loid)s and controlling factors -- 6.4.2 Coordinated ocean studies: GEOTRACERS and prior and related programs. , 6.4.3 Iron, manganese, and aluminum cycling in open ocean waters -- 6.4.4 The biogeochemical cycling of zinc and cadmium in the ocean -- 6.4.5 Copper, cobalt, and other nutrient transition metals in the oceans -- 6.4.6 Anthropogenic metals - lead, silver, and mercury -- 6.4.7 Metalloids and other oxyanion cycling in seawater -- 6.4.8 Other transition metals, the lanthanides, and actinides -- 6.4.9 Particulate metal fluxes to the deep ocean -- 6.5 Chapter summary -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 7: Trace metals in freshwaters -- 7.1 Overview of metal cycling in freshwaters -- 7.2 Trace element cycling in lakes -- 7.2.1 Processes influencing metal(loid) fate and dissolved speciation in lakes -- 7.2.2 Modeling the speciation and association of trace elements in stratified systems -- 7.2.3 Focus topic: Mercury cycling in lakes -- 7.3 Trace elements in rivers and groundwater -- 7.3.1 Trace elements in rivers -- 7.3.2 Trace elements in groundwater -- 7.3.3 Focus topic: Mining impacts and acid mine drainage -- 7.3.4 Arsenic in surface water and groundwater -- 7.3.5 Metal inputs from groundwater and margin exchange processes -- 7.4 Human activities and their impact on trace metal(loid) concentrations in drinking water and receiving waters -- 7.4.1 Lead in drinking water -- 7.4.2 Metal inputs from waste water treatment facilities and other industrial discharges -- 7.5 Metal stable isotopes and their use -- 7.6 Chapter summary -- References -- Problems -- CHAPTER 8: Trace metals and organisms: Essential and toxic metals, organometallics, microbial processes, and metal bioaccumulation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Mechanisms of metal accumulation by microorganisms -- 8.2.1 The transport of metals across membranes -- 8.2.2 Passive transport (diffusion) -- 8.2.3 Facilitated transport (accelerated diffusion) -- 8.2.4 Active uptake -- 8.3 Essential trace metals. , 8.3.1 An overview of essential trace metals -- 8.3.2 Focus topic: Iron uptake by microbes in marine waters -- 8.3.3 Focus topic: Transition metals and carbon fixation by microbes -- 8.3.4 The biochemistry of metals and their presence in the early biosphere -- 8.4 Organometallic compounds and microbial transformations of metals -- 8.4.1 Mechanisms of metal methylation -- 8.4.2 Less common organometallic compounds -- 8.4.3 Alkylated mercury compounds -- 8.4.4 Lead and tin compounds -- 8.4.5 Organometallics of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth -- 8.5 Bioavailability and bioaccumulation -- 8.5.1 Introduction -- 8.5.2 Trophic transfer of metals -- 8.5.3 Exposure and bioaccumulation models -- 8.6 Chapter Summary -- References -- Problems -- Index.

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , 2.2.3 Human influence over metal(loid) fate and transport2.2.4 Trace metal(loid) inputs to the atmosphere; 2.2.5 Metal(loid)s in the terrestrial environment and freshwater ecosystems; 2.2.6 The transport of metal(loid)s to the ocean; 2.2.7 Trace metal(loid)s in ocean waters; 2.2.8 Trace metal(loid) inputs from hydrothermal vents; 2.3 Global cycles of some important trace metals; 2.3.1 The global cycles of cadmium, copper, and zinc; 2.3.2 The global cycle of mercury and lead; 2.4 Chapter summary; References; Problems. , 3.2.4 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of non-transition metals and metalloids3.3 Complexation of metals in solution; 3.3.1 Inorganic complexation; 3.3.2 An approach to determining metal(loid) speciation in solution; 3.3.3 The chemistry and speciation of metal-binding ligands; 3.3.4 The complexation of the major ions in solution; 3.3.5 Metal complexation with low molecular weight organic ligands; 3.3.6 Complexation to large molecular weight organic matter; 3.4 Trace metal interactions with the solid phase; 3.4.1 Precipitation and dissolution; 3.4.2 Adsorption of metals to aqueous solids. , 3.4.3 Dissolved-particulate partition coefficients3.4.4 Adsorption isotherms; 3.4.5 A complexation-based model for adsorption; 3.5 Redox transformations and thermodynamic calculations; 3.5.1 Electrochemistry and the equilibrium constant; 3.5.2 The range in electrode potential and the stability of water; 3.5.3 Equilibrium calculations involving redox reactions; 3.5.4 Environmental considerations and controlling reactions; 3.6 Chapter summary; References; Problems; CHAPTER 4: Modeling approaches to estimating speciation and interactions in aqueous systems; 4.1 Introduction. , CHAPTER 3: Chemical thermodynamics and metal(loid) complexation in natural waters3.1 Thermodynamic background for understanding trace metal(loid) complexation; 3.1.1 The relationship between free energy and the equilibrium constant; 3.1.2 Ionic strength effects; 3.1.3 Thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics and steady state; 3.2 Bonding, electronic configuration, and complex formation; 3.2.1 Ligand Field Theory; 3.2.2 Thermodynamic effects of orbital splitting; 3.2.3 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of transition metals. , Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; About the companion website; CHAPTER 1: Introduction; 1.1 A historical background to metal aquatic chemistry; 1.2 Historical problems with metal measurements in environmental media; 1.3 Recent advances in aquatic metal analysis; References; Problems; CHAPTER 2: An introduction to the cycling of metals in the biosphere; 2.1 The hydrologic cycle; 2.2 An introduction to the global cycling of trace metal(loid)s; 2.2.1 The sources and cycling of metal(loid)s in the biosphere; 2.2.2 Metal(loid) partitioning and solubility in natural waters.