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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (153 Seiten, 26,03 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: English
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 0325726 , Literaturverzeichnis
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ENTROPY™ index monitoring, based on spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram, is a promising new method to measure the depth of anaesthesia. We examined the association between spectral entropy and regional cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects anaesthetised with 2%, 3% and 4% end-expiratory concentrations of sevoflurane and 7.6, 12.5 and 19.0 μg.ml−1 plasma drug concentrations of propofol. Spectral entropy from the frequency band 0.8–32 Hz was calculated and cerebral blood flow assessed using positron emission tomography and [15O]-labelled water at baseline and at each anaesthesia level. Both drugs induced significant reductions in spectral entropy and cortical and global cerebral blood flow. Midfrontal-central spectral entropy was associated with individual frontal and whole brain blood flow values across all conditions, suggesting that this novel measure of anaesthetic depth can depict global changes in neuronal activity induced by the drugs. The cortical areas of the most significant associations were remarkably similar for both drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) ; Sepsis ; Routineabstrichuntersuchungen ; Antibiotikatherapie ; Key words Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ; sepsis ; routine swabs ; antibiotic treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: Patients in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) have a high incidence of nosocomial infections which often lead to septic shock and death. Since calculated antibiotic treatment is often difficult, it was recommended to obtain routine nose/throat swabs in order to have a better idea of the causative agent when a systemic inflammatory response occurs in a given patient.    Methods: In 1435 patients of our cardio-surgical ICU, routine nose/throat swabs were taken three times a week and tested for micro-organisms and resistance to antibiotics. Of these 86 patients developed clinical signs of systemic inflammation, and additional blood cultures were obtained. Antibiotic treatment was achieved to cover the microbes from the nose/throat swabs, or a calculated dosage was given to patients whose swabs had tested negative.    Results: Of the 86 patients with systemic inflammation, 29 had blood cultures positive for microbes. Of these 29 patients, 18 received a calculated antibiotic coverage based on their positive nose/throat cultures prior to the return of the blood cultures from the lab. However, in only 11 of the 18 patients were routine swabs and blood cultures positive with the same microbes. While positive routine swabs are quite specific for sepsis when there is a systemic inflammatory response, routine swabs are not a suitable screening tool due to their low sensitivity.    Conclusions: Routine nose/throat swabs led to earlier specific antibiotic treatment in only 22% of our patients with clinical signs of systemic inflammation. In addition, in almost 40% of the cases organisms detected in the routine swabs and blood cultures were not identical. As a result, we feel that routine swabs are only of limited value in instituting earlier, specific antibiotic treatment in septic patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Patienten einer chirurgischen Intensivstation haben ein hohes Risiko einer nosokomialen Infektion, die nicht selten über ein septisches Krankheitsbild zum Tode führt. Da die Auswahl einer eng kalkulierten Antibiose oftmals schwierig ist, werden routinemäßige Rachenabstriche empfohlen, um so im Fall einer systemischen Infektion bereits einen Anhalt auf den möglichen Erreger zu haben und früher mit einer gezielten Antibiose beginnen zu können.    Methodik: Bei 1435 Patienten unserer herzchirurgischen Intensivstation erfolgten routinemäßig 3-mal wöchentlich Nasen-/Rachenabstriche, die auf Erreger und Resistenzen untersucht wurden. 86 dieser Patienten entwickelten eine systemische inflammatorische Reaktion, so dass zusätzlich die Entnahme von Blutkulturen erfolgte. Eine antibiotische Therapie wurde gezielt gegen die aus den Abstrichen bekannten Keime durchgeführt. Waren diese keimfrei, so erfolgte eine kalkulierte Antibiose.    Ergebnisse: Bei 29 der 86 Patienten konnte der Verdacht einer Sepsis durch Errregerisolation aus den Blutkulturen bestätigt werden. 18 dieser Patienten wurden aufgrund der positiven Abstrichbefunde bereits vor Bekanntwerden der Blutkulturergebnisse gezielt antibiotisch behandelt, wobei jedoch nur bei 11 Patienten das Keimspektrum der Abstriche mit dem der Blutkulturen übereinstimmte. Obwohl ein Keimnachweis in Routineabstrichen sehr spezifisch für das Vorliegen einer Sepsis bei systemischer Inflammation ist, eignet sich das Verfahren aufgrund seiner geringen Sensitivität nicht als Screeningmethode.    Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund routinermäßiger Abstriche konnte bei lediglich 22% aller Patienten mit Sepsisverdacht frühzeitiger eine vermeintlich gezielte Antibiotikatherapie begonnen werden. Da der für die Sepsis verantwortliche Keim zudem bei nahezu 40% der Patienten nicht mit dem aus den Abstrichen bekannten Keim übereinstimmte, muss der Stellenwert von Abstrichuntersuchungen als Routineverfahren angezweifelt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Heparinbeschichtung – extrakorporale Zirkulation –¶Gerinnungsaktivierung – Fibrinolyse ; Key words Heparin coating – extracorporeal circuit – fibrinolysis –¶coagulation activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hemorrhage after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with increased fibrinolytic and clotting activity. As pathogenic factors artificial (nonbiologic) surface contact and damage of corpuscular blood components are discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of heparin-coated circuits on coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters, platelet count and postoperative blood loss in low-risk cardiac patients.¶ Fifty-two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomly assigned to totally heparin coated (BiolineTM, Jostra, Hirrlingen, Germany) or identical uncoated extracorporeal circuits in a double blind protocol. Initial heparin dosage was equal for coated and uncoated circuits. Systemic anticoagulation was maintained with heparin in both groups.¶ Coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters showed a parallel perioperative course. Postoperative platelet count was significantly higher with heparin coating (152000/μl±46000 vs. 125000/μl±44000, p=0.029). Blood loss was lower with heparin coating but did not reach statistical significance. Heparin consumption was not reduced in heparin-coated circuits.¶ Heparin coating of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits does not improve hemostatic disorders in low risk CABG patients. Higher postoperative platelet counts suggest clinical benefit for high-risk patients with extended duration of bypass. Our data do not support reducing systemic heparin doses with heparin-coated circuits.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einer verstärkten Blutungsneigung nach Herzoperationen unter Einsatz der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (EKZ) können verschiedene Ursachen zugrundeliegen. Diskutiert werden u.a. Gerinnungsaktivierung und erhöhte fibrinolytische Aktivität durch Fremdoberflächenkontakt sowie Schädigung korpuskulärer Blutbestandteile. In einer doppelblind randomisierten Studie an 52 Koronarbypasspatienten haben wir den Einfluß eines komplett heparinbeschichteten Schlauch- und Oxygenatorsystems auf Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyseparameter, Thrombozytenzahl und -funktion, den postoperativen Blutverlust sowie den Substitutionsbedarf an Fremdblutprodukten untersucht. Ausgeschlossen wurden Patienten mit abnormen Parametern der plasmatischen Gerinnung oder nach Einnahme von Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern weniger als 7 Tage präoperativ. 18 Patienten wurden mit heparinbeschichteten Systemen (Bioline®, Fa. Jostra, Hirrlingen, Deutschland) operiert, 34 Patienten dienten als Kontrollgruppe (identes, unbeschichtetes System). Zur systemischen Antikoagulation wurden initial die gleichen Dosen von Heparin verabreicht, nach Maßgabe der „activated clotting time“ (ACT) wurde bei Bedarf Heparin nachgegeben.¶ Die Parameter der Gerinnungsaktivierung und der Fibrinolyse zeigten in beiden Gruppen parallele Verläufe mit Maximalwerten am Bypassende bzw. frühpostoperativ. Heparinbeschichtete Systeme zeigten einen geringeren Abfall der Thrombozytenzahl postoperativ (152000/μl±46000 vs. 125000/μl ±44000, p=0,029). Die Thrombozytenfunktion zeigte in beiden Gruppen eine postoperative Einschränkung. Der Drainagenverlust zeigte eine Tendenz zugunsten heparinisierter Systeme ohne statistische Signifikanz, dieser Trend wirkte sich nicht auf den Verbrauch von Fremdblutprodukten aus. Der systemische Heparinbedarf war in beiden Gruppen gleich.¶ Bei Verwendung eines heparinbeschichteten EKZ-Systems bei elektiven Koronarbypasspatienten ließ sich keine klinisch relevante Minderung des pathogenen Einflusses der extrakorporalen Zirkulation auf das Gerinnungssystem nachweisen. Bei Verwendung heparinbeschichteter Systeme an Risikopatienten mit längerer Bypasszeit könnte der geringere Thrombozytenverbrauch in verminderter Blutungsneigung resultieren. Eine Reduzierung der systemischen Heparingabe ist nicht möglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    In:  [Poster] In: Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft Jahresversammlung, 30.09.-05.10.2015, Konstanz, Germany .
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Selective autophagy contributes to cellular homeostasis by delivering harmful material into the lysosomal system for degradation via vesicular intermediates referred to as autophagosomes. The cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is a variant of selective autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during which hydrolases such as prApe1 are transported into the vacuole. In general, selectivity is achieved by autophagic cargo receptors that link the cargo to autophagosomal membranes because of their ability to simultaneously interact with the cargo and Atg8 proteins that coat the membrane. The Atg19 receptor contains multiple Atg8 interaction sites in its C terminus in addition to a canonical Atg8-interacting LC3-interacting region (LIR, with LC3 being a homolog of Atg8) motif, but their mode of interaction with Atg8 is unclear. Here we show, using a combination of NMR, microscopy-based interaction assays, and prApe1 processing experiments, that two additional sites interact with Atg8 in a LIR-like and thus mutually exclusive manner. We term these motifs accessory LIR motifs because their affinities are lower than that of the canonical LIR motif. Thus, one Atg19 molecule has the ability to interact with multiple Atg8 proteins simultaneously, resulting in a high-avidity interaction that may confer specific binding to the Atg8-coated autophagosomal membrane on which Atg8 is concentrated.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-22
    Print ISSN: 0195-668X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-9645
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-04-13
    Description: Selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria requires autophagy receptors optineurin (OPTN), NDP52 (CALCOCO2), TAX1BP1, and p62 (SQSTM1) linking ubiquitinated cargo to autophagic membranes. By using quantitative proteomics, we show that Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylates all four receptors on several autophagy-relevant sites, including the ubiquitin- and LC3-binding domains of OPTN and...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Growing knowledge of the key molecular components involved in biological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and motility has enabled direct testing of proposed mechanistic models by reconstitution. However, current techniques for building increasingly complex cellular structures and functions from purified components are limited in their ability to create conditions that emulate the physical and biochemical constraints of real cells. Here we present an integrated method for forming giant unilamellar vesicles with simultaneous control over (i) lipid composition and asymmetry, (ii) oriented membrane protein incorporation, and (iii) internal contents. As an application of this method, we constructed a synthetic system in which membrane proteins were delivered to the outside of giant vesicles, mimicking aspects of exocytosis. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we visualized small encapsulated vesicles docking and mixing membrane components with the giant vesicle membrane, resulting in exposure of previously encapsulated membrane proteins to the external environment. This method for creating giant vesicles can be used to test models of biological processes that depend on confined volume and complex membrane composition, and it may be useful in constructing functional systems for therapeutic and biomaterials applications.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-06-08
    Description: CBFβ-SMMHC regulates ribosomal gene transcription and alters ribosome biogenesis Leukemia 31, 1443 (June 2017). doi:10.1038/leu.2017.53 Authors: G Cordonnier, A Mandoli, A Radhouane, G Hypolite, L Lhermitte, M Belhocine, V Asnafi, E Macintyre, J H A Martens, S Fumagalli & J Bond
    Print ISSN: 0887-6924
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5551
    Topics: Medicine
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