Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter-1 -- Nurturing Environmental Leaders Among Science and Engineering Researchers-Tohoku University Approach -- 1.1 Why Do We Need Environmental Leaders?-The Failure to Develop Sustainably Under Current Systems -- 1.2 Japanese Initiatives in Environmental Leadership: The Background to the Tohoku University Project -- 1.3 Tohoku University ELTP Course Design/Special Characteristics -- 1.3.1 The Importance of Environmental Leadership in Asia and Africa -- 1.3.2 Teaching Environmental Leadership: Appropriate Approaches -- 1.3.3 Environmental Leader Course Curriculum -- 1.4 Content of this Book -- References -- Chapter-2 -- Background on Energy and Resources Strategy -- 2.1 The Environmental Leader Programs -- 2.2 Background Issues -- 2.2.1 Environmental Issues -- 2.2.2 Japan's History -- 2.2.3 The Overall Challenges -- 2.2.4 Sustainability, Limits and Balances -- 2.2.5 Biodiversity -- 2.2.6 Energy, Water, Food and its Security -- 2.2.7 Guidelines to Achieving Sustainability -- References -- Chapter-3 -- Limits to Resources, Economic Growth and Happiness -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Assessing Current and Future Environment and Resource Loads -- 3.2.1 Calculating Limits to Growth -- 3.3 Relationships Between Economic Growth and Happiness -- References -- Chapter-4 -- Fuel Cells for Efficient Use of Energy -- 4.1 Background to Fuel Cell Technologies -- 4.2 The Principle of Fuel Cell Power Generation -- 4.2.1 Comparison of 'Normal' Combustion with Fuel Cells -- 4.2.2 Concept of Efficiency -- 4.3 Type, History, and Mechanism of Fuel Cells -- 4.4 Mechanism and Characteristics of the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) -- 4.5 Mechanism and Features of SOFC -- 4.6 Hydrogen Energy Society and Fuel Cells -- 4.7 Fuel Cells in Cogeneration Systems -- 4.8 In Conclusion: Future Energy Technologies and Society. , Chapter-5 -- Energy and Supercritical Fluids -- 5.1 Energy Poverty and Global Energy Trends -- 5.2 The Supercritical State of Substances -- 5.3 Supercritical Fluids and Their Use in Energy Systems -- 5.3.1 Thermal Efficiency -- 5.3.2 Heat Pump -- 5.3.3 Working Fluid -- 5.3.4 Eco-Cute Hot Water Heater -- 5.3.5 Cryogenic Exergy Recovery Energy Systems -- 5.3.6 Refrigeration -- 5.3.7 Geothermal Energy Systems -- 5.3.8 Ultra-supercritical Steam Generators -- 5.3.9 Biofuel Synthesis -- 5.3.10 Biomass Conversion -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter-6 -- Geothermal Energy -- 6.1 Geothermal Energy: Current and Future -- 6.2 Advantages, Disadvantages and Barriers -- 6.3 Exploitation of Geothermal Energy -- 6.4 EGS Projects -- 6.5 EGS Modelling -- 6.6 Reinjection for Enhancement of Existing Hydrothermal Reservoirs -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter-7 -- Technology Development Towards Localised Small-scale Electricity Generation and Its Use in Smart Buildings -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 DC/AC Hybrid Control Systems for a Smart Building -- 7.2.1 Concept -- 7.2.2 Renewable Energy Supply -- 7.2.3 Battery Storage and Management -- 7.2.4 DC Circuitry and Lighting -- 7.2.5 Energy Management System (EMS) and Visualisation -- 7.2.6 Smart Building and Energy System Aspects -- 7.2.7 Sources of Weak or Small Energy -- 7.3 Next Generation Energy for Tohoku Recovery (NET) Project -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter-8 -- Biomass Energy Using Methane and Hydrogen from Waste Materials -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Biomass Sources and Waste -- 8.3 Bio-hydrogen Fundamentals and Technology -- 8.3.1 Background -- 8.3.2 Dark Fermentation to Produce Hydrogen -- 8.3.3 Parameters Affecting Dark Hydrogen Fermentation -- 8.3.4 Temperature and Stability of Bio-Hydrogen Production -- 8.3.5 Stoichiometry of Hydrogen Production from Fermentation of Cellulose. , 8.3.6 Effect of Temperature on the Net Energy Gain -- 8.4 Methane Fermentation -- 8.4.1 Background -- 8.4.2 Methane Fermentation Conditions and the Functional Microbial Communities -- 8.4.3 Applications of Biogas Technology in Japan -- 8.4.3.1 Cattle Manure -- 8.4.4 Chicken Manure -- 8.4.5 Sewage Sludge -- 8.4.6 Co-Digestion -- 8.4.7 Two-Stage Process with Combined Hydrogen and Methane Production -- 8.4.8 A Case Study at Tohoku University of Bioenergy Production from Food Waste by a Two Stage Process -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter-9 -- Resource Logistics Analysis on Phosphorus and its Applications for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Resource Logistics Analysis -- 9.2.1 Method -- 9.3 Case Study: Resource Logistics on the Supply of Phosphorus in Economic Activities -- 9.3.1 Why Phosphorus? -- 9.3.2 Data -- 9.3.3 Tool: Integrated Phosphorus Cycle Input Output Table -- 9.3.3.1 Construction of the IPCIO -- 9.3.3.2 Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling -- 9.3.4 Results -- 9.3.4.1 Phosphorus Requirement for Economic Activity -- 9.3.4.2 Selecting Stakeholders Based on the IPCIO Model -- 9.3.4.3 Evaluation of the Effect of Innovative Technology to Recover Phosphorus from Waste Streams -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Implication for Stakeholder Dialogue -- 9.4.1.1 Implication for Economic Structure -- 9.4.1.2 Implication for Energy and Resource Conservation -- 9.4.1.3 Contribution of Resource Logistics to Science, Technology and Innovation Policy -- References -- Chapter-10 -- Waste Materials in Construction: Sludge and Recycling -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Fibrous Soil Solidification Process to Produce Backfill or Reclamation Materials -- 10.2.1 Principles of the Fibrous Soil Solidification Process -- 10.2.2 Amount of Paper Shredder Residue. , 10.2.3 Fiber Strength Characteristics in the Soil Solidification Process -- 10.2.4 Wet and Dry Cycling Durability Test -- 10.2.5 The Dynamic Strength of Fiber-Solidified Soil -- 10.2.6 Construction Case Studies -- 10.2.6.1 Technology for Using High Moisture Content Soil in Embankment Construction for the Hamao Basin Embankment Work (Tohoku Regional Bureau of the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Fukushima River National Highway Office) -- 10.2.6.2 East Sendai Channel Construction (Tohoku Regional Development Bureau of MLIT, Sendai River National Highway Office) -- 10.2.6.3 Imokawa River Landslide Dam Construction Emergency Measures (Hokuriku Regional Development Bureau of MLIT, Yuzawa Erosion Control) -- 10.2.6.4 Sunaoshi River Channel Excavation Works (Sendai Miyagi Prefecture Civil Engineering Office River Erosion Control Third Section) -- 10.3 Fiber Treatment of Soils to Produce a Base for Planting (Greening) -- 10.3.1 Deciding the Quantity of Paper Debris and Performance Evaluation of Planting Base Materials -- 10.3.2 Construction Case Studies -- 10.3.2.1 Rokuro Sayama Road Improvement Project (Tohoku Regional Development Bureau of MLIT Yamagata River National Highway Office) -- 10.3.2.2 Fiscal Year 2004-2007 Akasa 8th Dam Embankment Construction (Tohoku Regional Bureau of MLIT Shinjo River Office) -- 10.3.2.3 Oita City Hall Green Roof Construction -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter-11 -- Recycling of Waste Plastics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 From Resource to Waste -- 11.2 The Principles of 3R -- 11.3 Groups and Composition of Plastics -- 11.3.1 Polymer Groups -- 11.3.2 Additives -- 11.4 Overall Plastic Treatment in Japan -- 11.5 PET Recycling -- 11.5.1 Material Recycling -- 11.5.2 Chemical Recycling -- 11.5.3 PET Composites -- 11.6 PVC Recycling -- 11.6.1 Material Recycling -- 11.6.2 Chemical Recycling. , 11.7 Energy Recovery -- 11.8 The Japanese Plastic Management System -- 11.9 Disaster Waste Management -- 11.10 Conclusion -- Chapter-12 -- Recent Resource and Environmental Issues in the Steel Industry -- 12.1 Background to Iron and Steel -- 12.2 Lifetimes of Metal Resources -- 12.3 Distribution of Iron Ore Resources and Their Trading -- 12.4 Restructuring of Integrated Steel Companies -- 12.5 Environmental Impact of the Steel Industry -- References -- Chapter-13 -- Resource Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Recycling Non-ferrous Metals- the Current Position -- 13.3 EAF Dust Recycling -- 13.4 E-scrap Recycling -- 13.4.1 Current Situation -- 13.4.2 Recycling Technologies for E-scrap -- 13.5 In Conclusion -- References -- Chapter-14 -- Strengthening Scientists and Engineers Appreciation of the Real World -- 14.1 Science Engineering and Society -- 14.2 Future Earth -- 14.3 Implications for Future Earth of Japan's Environmental Leader Programs -- 14.3.1 Future Earth Educational Needs -- 14.3.2 Japan's Relevance to Future Earth -- 14.3.3 Asian Integrated Education and Training for Future Earth -- 14.4 Using the Experience of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami as a Stimulus for Analysis and Debate -- 14.4.1 Background to Current Issues -- 14.4.2 Questions Posed by the Current Situation Following the Disasters -- 14.4.2.1 The Frequency of Tsunamis -- 14.4.2.2 Economic Valuation -- 14.4.2.3 Balancing Risks -- 14.4.2.4 Effects of the Disaster on Attitudes to Nuclear Power -- 14.4.2.5 Energy Security -- 14.4.2.6 Food Risks -- 14.4.2.7 Disposal of Debris -- 14.4.2.8 Free trade -- References -- Chapter-15 -- Environmental Leadership Training-Effects on Students' Future Environmental Leadership -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Environmental Leadership-Theoretical Framework and Current System Conditions. , 15.3 Overall Assessment of the ELTP.

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