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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    30-Second Oceans : 50 Key Ideas about the Sea's Importance to Life on Earth. (2021)
    Minneapolis :Ivy Press, The,
    Details
    Keywords: Marine ecology. ; Ocean. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Explore the importance of our oceans through 50 key topics, each concisely explained by a team of experts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (162 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780711252684
    Series Statement: 30-Second Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6845507
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title -- Contents -- Introduction -- Ocean Fundamentals -- Glossary -- Why is the Sea Salty? -- Storing Sunlight as Heat -- The Ocean as Layer Cake -- Profile: Vagn Walfrid Ekman -- Sea Level Rise -- Waves -- Beaches & -- Rip Currents -- Tides -- Dead Water -- Physical Geography of the Oceans -- Glossary -- Estuaries -- Reverse Estuaries: The Mediterranean -- Continental Shelf Seas -- The Atlantic Ocean -- Upside-down Ocean: The Arctic -- Profile: Fridtjof Nansen -- The Southern Ocean -- Frozen Ocean: Glaciers & -- Ice Shelves -- Floating Ice Adrift: Icebergs -- The Ocean, Weather & -- Climate -- Glossary -- Global Ocean Conveyor -- The Pacific Ocean & -- El Niño -- Profile: Walter Munk -- The Indian Ocean & -- the Monsoon -- Hurricanes & -- Typhoons -- CO2 Uptake & -- Acidification -- Glaciation -- Living Ocean -- Glossary -- Marine Microbes -- Ocean Biological Carbon Pump -- Intertidal & -- Coastal Communities -- Coral Reefs -- Seabirds -- Blue Carbon -- Underwater Kelp Forests -- Profile: Karin Lochte -- Upper Ocean Ecosystems -- Deep-sea Ecosystems -- Sea Ice Formation -- Dead Zones -- Ocean Exploration, Observations & -- Predictions -- Glossary -- Sampling the Sea -- Profile: Charles Wyville Thomson -- Rise of the Robots -- The View From Outer Space -- Predictions: Past, Present & -- Future Oceans -- Marine Pollution -- Glossary -- From Farms & -- Factories to the Ocean -- The Journey of Marine Plastics -- Picking up our Plastic Trash -- Rubber Ducks & -- Shipping Litter -- Profile: Jacques Cousteau -- Artificial Light at Night -- Noisy Ocean -- Earth Evolution & -- Extra-terrestrial Oceans -- Glossary -- Plate Tectonics -- Profile: Alfred Wegener -- Migrating Sandbars -- Hydrothermal Vents -- Submarine Landslides & -- Tsunamis -- Tides & -- the Evolution of Life on Earth. , Blast from the Past -- Finding ET: Oceans in the Solar System -- Appendices -- Notes on Contributors -- Resources -- Index -- Acknowledgements -- Copyright.
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
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    R/V Sikuliaq 19S Expedition to the Arctic Ocean: Nutrient Data (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: Here we present dissolved nutrient data collected during Expedition 19S to the Arctic Ocean during September 2018 on board the R/V Sikuliaq, a research vessel operated by the University of Alaska. Data were generated within the framework of the NERC-BMBF Changing Arctic Ocean programme; project Primary productivity driven by escalating Arctic nutrient fluxes? (PEANUTS) in collaboration with the US Office of Naval Research Stratified Ocean Dynamics of the Arctic programme (SODA). A report is included, which provides further details about the data, funding agencies and research for which these data has been used.
    Keywords: Ammonium; Arctic Ocean nutrients; Bottle number; Cruise/expedition; CTD, SEA-BIRD SBE 49; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; Density, mass density; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Event label; Fluorescence, chlorophyll; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen, total dissolved; Nutrient Data Arctic Ocean; nutrients; Oxygen; Oxygen saturation; Oxygen solubility; PEANUTS; Phosphate; Phosphorus, total; Phosphorus, total dissolved; Pressure, water; Primary productivity driven by escalating Arctic nutrient fluxes?; Quality flag; Quality flag, oxygen; Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; SEAL AA3 segmented flow autoanalyzer; Sikuliaq; Silicate; SKG_19S; SKG_19S_1; SKG_19S_10; SKG_19S_11; SKG_19S_12; SKG_19S_13; SKG_19S_14; SKG_19S_15; SKG_19S_16; SKG_19S_18; SKG_19S_2; SKG_19S_3; SKG_19S_4; SKG_19S_5; SKG_19S_6; SKG_19S_7; SKG_19S_8; SKG_19S_9; SODA; South Beaufort Gyre Nutrients; Station label; Stratified Ocean Dynamics of the Arctic; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9870 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Eddy kinetic energy in the Arctic Ocean from moored velocity observations (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Mesoscale eddies are important for many aspects of the dynamics of the Arctic Ocean. These include the maintenance of the halocline and the Atlantic Water boundary current through lateral eddy fluxes, shelf-basin exchanges, transport of biological material and sea ice, and the modification of the sea-ice distribution. Here we review what is known about the mesoscale variability and its impacts in the Arctic Ocean in the context of an Arctic Ocean responding rapidly to climate change. In addition, we present the first quantification of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) from moored observations across the entire Arctic Ocean, which we compare to output from an eddy resolving numerical model. We show that EKE is largest in the northern Nordic Seas/Fram Strait and it is also elevated along the shelfbreak of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current, especially in the Beaufort Sea. In the central basins it is 100-1000 times lower. Except for the region affected by southward sea-ice export south of Fram Strait, EKE is stronger when sea-ice concentration is low compared to dense ice cover. Areas where conditions typical in the Atlantic and Pacific prevail will increase. Hence, we conclude that the future Arctic Ocean will feature more energetic mesoscale variability. This table provides (eddy) kinetic energy in the Arctic Ocean calculated from moorings and a numerical model across the entire record and averaged over certain conditions (seasons, ice concentration). The calculations are explained in the manuscript (Eddies and the distribution of eddy kinetic energy in the Arctic Ocean). The used mooring data was compiled from six different sources as listed below and identified in the table based on the Source ID.
    Keywords: 250_MOOR; 293-S1_MOOR; 293-X1_MOOR; 293-X2_MOOR; 293-X3_MOOR; 295-S2_MOOR; A01_MOOR; AK1-1_MOOR; AK2-1_MOOR; AK3-1_MOOR; AK4-1_MOOR; AK5-1_MOOR; AK6-1_MOOR; AK7-1_MOOR; Akademik Tryoshnikov; AM1-91_MOOR; AM2-91_MOOR; AO1-92_MOOR; Arctic Ocean; ARK-XIV/2; ARK-XVIII/1; ARK-XXIX/3; ARK-XXX/1.2; ARK-XXX/2, GN05; ARK-XXXI/4; ATWAIN200_MOOR; AWI_PhyOce; AWI401-1_MOOR; AWI402-1_MOOR; AWI403-1_MOOR; AWI403-2_MOOR; AWI404-1_MOOR; AWI406-1_MOOR; AWI410-2_MOOR; AWI411-2_MOOR; AWI412-4_MOOR; AWI413-4_MOOR; AWI415-1_MOOR; AWI416-1_MOOR; AWI417-1_MOOR; AWI418-1_MOOR; BaffinBay_2_MOOR; BaffinBay_MOOR; BarrowSt_81_MOOR; BarrowSt_C_MOOR; BarrowSt_N_MOOR; BarrowSt_S_MOOR; BarrowSt_SC_MOOR; BarrowSt_Ss_MOOR; BG_a_MOOR; BG_b_MOOR; BG_c_MOOR; BG_d_MOOR; BI3_MOOR; BR1_MOOR; BR2_MOOR; BR3_MOOR; BRA_MOOR; BRB_MOOR; BRG_MOOR; BRK_MOOR; BS2_MOOR; BS3_MOOR; BS4_MOOR; BS5_MOOR; BS6_MOOR; BSO1_MOOR; BSO2_MOOR; BSO3_MOOR; BSO4_MOOR; BSO5_MOOR; C1_MOOR; C2_MOOR; C3_MOOR; C4_MOOR; C5_MOOR; C6_MOOR; CA04_MOOR; CA05_MOOR; CA06_MOOR; CA07_MOOR; CA08_MOOR; CA10_MOOR; CA11_MOOR; CA12_MOOR; CA13_MOOR; CA15_MOOR; CA16_MOOR; CA20_MOOR; CM-1_MOOR; CM-2_MOOR; CS1_MOOR; CS-1A_MOOR; CS2_MOOR; CS-2A_MOOR; CS3_MOOR; CS-3A_MOOR; CS4_MOOR; CS5_MOOR; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; DS_TUBE8_MOOR; Duration; EA1_MOOR; EA2_MOOR; EA3_MOOR; EA4_MOOR; EBC_MOOR; eddies; eddy kinetic energy; Eddy kinetic energy, 2000-2010; Eddy kinetic energy, 2010-2020; Eddy kinetic energy, at depth; Eddy kinetic energy, autumn; Eddy kinetic energy, ice; Eddy kinetic energy, mean; Eddy kinetic energy, model bandpass; Eddy kinetic energy, model online; Eddy kinetic energy, no ice; Eddy kinetic energy, some ice; Eddy kinetic energy, spring; Eddy kinetic energy, summer; Eddy kinetic energy, winter; EGN-1; EGS-1; EGS1-2; EGS2-1; EGS4-1; ELEVATION; F10-1; F1-1; F11_MOOR; F11-2; F12_MOOR; F12-1; F13_MOOR; F13-1; F14_MOOR; F14-1; F15-1; F16-1; F17_MOOR; F2-1; F3-1; F4-1; F5-1; F6-1; F7-1; F8-1; F9-1; FB2b_MOOR; FB6_MOOR; First year of observation; FRAM; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; FRS782_MOOR; FSC1_MOOR; FSC2_MOOR; FSC3_MOOR; FSC4_MOOR; GS-3_2_MOOR; HG-IV-S-1; High-frequency kinetic energy; HSNE60_MOOR; HudsonBay_MOOR; HudsonStrait_MOOR; I1_MOOR; I2_MOOR; I3_MOOR; IdF1-1; IdF2-1; IdF3-1; IdF4-1; ISWRIG_MOOR; Karasik-2015; KS02_MOOR; KS04_MOOR; KS06_MOOR; KS08_MOOR; KS10_MOOR; KS12_MOOR; KS14_MOOR; L97; LA97/2; Lance; Last year of observation; LATITUDE; LM3_MOOR; LONGITUDE; Low-frequency kinetic energy; M11_MOOR; M12_MOOR; M13_MOOR; M14_MOOR; M15_MOOR; M16_MOOR; M3_MOOR; M5_MOOR; M6_MOOR; M9a_MOOR; MA2B_MOOR; MB1B_MOOR; MB2B_MOOR; MB4B_MOOR; Mean kinetic energy; MOOR; Mooring; Mooring (long time); MOORY; N198_2_MOOR; N198_MOOR; N525_MOOR; N541_MOOR; NABOS_2015_AK1-1, NABOS_2018_AK1-1; NABOS_2015_AK2-1, NABOS_2018_AK2-1; NABOS_2015_AK3-1, NABOS_2018_AK3-1; NABOS_2015_AK4-1, NABOS_2018_AK4-1; NABOS_2015_AK5-1, NABOS_2018_AK5-1; NABOS_2015_AK6-1,NABOS_2018_AK6-1; NABOS_2015_AK7-1, NABOS_2018_AK7-1; NABOS, AT2015; NABOS 2015; Nansen-2015; North Greenland Sea; NPEO_MOOR; NWNA_MOOR; NWNB_MOOR; NWNC_MOOR; NWND_MOOR; NWNE_MOOR; NWNF_MOOR; NWNG_MOOR; NWSB_MOOR; NWSD_MOOR; NWSE_2_MOOR; NWSE_MOOR; OLIK-1_MOOR; OSL2a_MOOR; OSL2f_MOOR; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Polarstern; PS100; PS100/039-2, PS114_25-1,ARKR02-01; PS100/045-1, PS114_29-2; PS100/047-1, PS114_40-2; PS100/053-1, PS114_36-1; PS100/073-1, PS109_20-1; PS100/106-1, PS114_23-2; PS100/142-1, PS109_139-1; PS100/180-2, PS109_111-1; PS100/181-1, PS109_112-1; PS100/182-1, PS109_113-1; PS100/183-1, PS109_114-1; PS109; PS109_133-1, PS114_52-1; PS109_138-2, PS114_53-1; PS109_148-1, PS114_60-2; PS114; PS52; PS62; PS94; PS99/070-1, PS107_3-1; PS99.2; R071_MOOR; R1-1; R2-1; R290_MOOR; R3-1; R333_MOOR; R356_MOOR; R4-1; R5-1; Reference/source; SS-5_MOOR; StA_MOOR; Station label; Stor_MOOR; Total kinetic energy; V-319_MOOR; Velocity, east; Velocity, north; Vilk_MOOR; WBC_MOOR; WG1_MOOR; WG15_MOOR; WG4_MOOR; Wunsch-NN1_MOOR; Wunsch-NN2_MOOR; Y1_MOOR; Y2_MOOR; YP_MOOR
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4806 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Semidiurnal tides on the Laptev Sea shelf with implications for shear and vertical mixing (2013)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44 (1). pp. 202-219.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-24
    Description: The Arctic continental shelf seas hold a globally significant source of freshwater that impacts Arctic Ocean stratification, circulation, and climate. This freshwater can be injected below the surface mixed layer by intense turbulent kinetic energy dissipation events, as resolved by Laptev Sea microstructure observations. The tides provide a major source of energy that can be dissipated and hence drive diapycnal mixing in the Laptev Sea. Multiyear ADCP mooring records from locations across the shelf reveal that semidiurnal tides are dominated by theM2 and S2 constituents, with the largest amplitudes on the outer shelf. Throughoutmost of the shelf, tides are clockwise polarized and sheared by stratification, as characteristic near the M2 critical latitude. Interannual variations of the tidal and shear structures on the inner shelf aremainly determined by the stratification-setting Lena River freshwater plume. In all locations,M2 tides are enhanced under sea ice, and therefore changes in the seasonal ice cover may lead to changes in tides and water column structure. The main conclusions of this study are that (i) tides play a comparatively greater role year-round on the outer shelf relative to the inner shelf; (ii) a sea ice reduction will overall decrease the predictability of the currents, especially on the inner shelf; and (iii) the freshwater distribution directly impacts diapycnal mixing by setting the vertical tidal structure. These combined effects imply that future sea ice loss will increase the variability and vertical mixing of freshwater, particularly on the inner shelf, where the Lena River first enters the Laptev Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0240.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Intermittent intense turbulent mixing under ice in the Laptev Sea continental shelf (2011)
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2011, 03.04.-08.04.2011, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-27
    Description: We will present new observations taken under ice on the Laptev Sea Continental Sea. The 12 hour time series of rapidly sampled temperature, salinity and velocity microstructure releveal a bottom boundary layer where the observed dissipation rate is elevated by about 2 orders of magnitude above background. We also observe a period (∼2 hours) of intense dissipation within the pcynocline implying a very much elevated vertical heat flux at that time. We speculate that the observation of enhanced dissipation is consistent with a shear spiking mechanism observed in temperate shelf seas. The results highlight the intermittent nature of Arctic shelf sea mixing processes, and how they can impact on the transformation of Arctic Ocean water masses. The observations also clearly demonstrate that the absence or presence of sea ice profoundly affects the availability of near-inertial kinetic energy to drive vertical mixing on Arctic shelves.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 6
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    Tide-induced vertical mixing in the Laptev Sea coastal polynya (2012)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117 . C00G14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-27
    Description: Enhanced semidiurnal-band velocity shear across the shelf halocline layer (SHL) was found during land-fast ice edge mooring-based acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) observations over the eastern Laptev Sea shelf (∼74°N, 128°E) in April–May 2008 and April 2009. In 2008, the major axis amplitude for the lunar semidiurnal M2tidal ellipses demonstrated intermediate maximum in the SHL at 11–13 m (15 ± 3 cm/s), gradually decreasing to subice and near-bottom layers to ∼9 ± 3 cm/s (at 7 m) and 7 ± 2 cm/s (at 19 m), respectively. In 2009, the semidiurnal tidal flow exhibited similar patterns, but velocities were reduced by about factor of 2. Our estimates of gradient Richardson numbers suggest that the velocity shear associated with semidiurnal baroclinic tidal flow may be strong enough to play a role in water mass modification, promoting shear instabilities, turbulence, and vertical mixing of seawater properties across the SHL. This suggestion is consistent with near-homogeneous water layers episodically occurring in the SHL. Differences in the background stratification and local tidal dynamics between 2008 and 2009, together with rapid responses of the semidiurnal motion to polynya openings, suggest that the baroclinic tide is locally generated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2011JC006966
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Semidiural tides on the Laptev sea shelf based on oceanographic moorings with implications for shear and vertical mixing (2013)
    In:  [Talk] In: IAHS/IAPSO/IASPEI Joint Assembly 2013, 22.07.-26.07.2013, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 8
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    Fate of early 2000s Arctic warm water pulse (2011)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92 (5). pp. 561-566.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The water mass structure of the Arctic Ocean is remarkable, for its intermediate (depth range ~150–900 m) layer is filled with warm (temperature 〉0°C) and salty water of Atlantic origin (usually called the Atlantic Water, AW). This water is carried into and through the Arctic Ocean by the pan-Arctic boundary current, which moves cyclonically along the basins’ margins (Fig. 1). This system provides the largest input of water, heat, and salt into the Arctic Ocean; the total quantity of heat is substantial, enough to melt the Arctic sea ice cover several times over. By utilizing an extensive archive of recently collected observational data, this study provides a cohesive picture of recent large-scale changes in the AW layer of the Arctic Ocean. These recent observations show the warm pulse of AW that entered the Arctic Ocean in the early 1990s finally reached the Canada Basin during the 2000s. The second warm pulse that entered the Arctic Ocean in the mid-2000s has moved through the Eurasian Basin and is en route downstream. One of the most intriguing results of these observations is the realization of the possibility of uptake of anomalous AW heat by overlying layers, with possible implications for an already-reduced Arctic ice cover.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/2010BAMS2921.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    The impact of tides on mixing and freshwater export in the Laptev Sea (2013)
    In:  [Talk] In: EGU General Assembly 2013, 07.04.-12.04.2013, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: The vast and shallow Laptev Sea shelf is seasonally ice covered and receives large amounts of freshwater runoff from the Lena River. This shelf is an important export region for sea ice and freshwater to the Arctic basin, and features strong vertical and horizontal gradients which separate the saline basin waters from the fresh coastal waters. Processes promoting shear instabilities and diapycnal mixing are therefore of interest for physical and biogeochemical properties. The Laptev Sea shelf features considerable shear in under-ice currents largely dominated by the baroclinicity in semidiurnal tides. We present an investigation into semidiurnal tides based on year-round oceanographic moorings from different locations across the Laptev Sea shelf. Harmonic analysis of ADCP records shows a strong depth-dependence in the clockwise tidal currents that can be linked to stratification and further shows large spatial and seasonal variability of tides. Total current magnitudes are stronger on the outer than on the inner shelf, and tides overall explain 〉80% of the current’s variance throughout the year. On the inner shelf, tides play a comparatively greater role under sea ice (40-70%) than during open water periods (20-50%) when wind-induced inertial motions dominate. The ADCP records are further complemented by two cross-shelf microstructure transects which show episodes of intense turbulent kinetic energy dissipation in the pycnocline following the alignment of the semidiurnally rotating shear-vector and the surface forcing, hence underlining the potential influence of tides on diapycnal mixing. Our results highlight the potential of tides to vertically transport freshwater, heat and nutrients, and provide some first order insights into how the physical environment of this shelf may change with changing sea ice conditions.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 10
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    Kara Sea freshwater transport through Vilkitsky Strait: Variability, forcing, and further pathways toward the western Arctic Ocean from a model and observations (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120 (7). pp. 4925-4944.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Siberian river water is a first-order contribution to the Arctic freshwater budget, with the Ob, Yenisey, and Lena supplying nearly half of the total surface freshwater flux. However, few details are known regarding where, when, and how the freshwater transverses the vast Siberian shelf seas. This paper investigates the mechanism, variability, and pathways of the fresh Kara Sea outflow through Vilkitsky Strait toward the Laptev Sea. We utilize a high-resolution ocean model and recent shipboard observations to characterize the freshwater-laden Vilkitsky Strait Current (VSC), and shed new light on the little-studied region between the Kara and Laptev Seas, characterized by harsh ice conditions, contrasting water masses, straits, and a large submarine canyon. The VSC is 10-20 km wide, surface intensified, and varies seasonally (maximum from August to March) and interannually. Average freshwater (volume) transport is 500 ± 120 km3 a-1 (0.53 ± 0.08 Sv), with a baroclinic flow contribution of 50-90%. Interannual transport variability is explained by a storage-release mechanism, where blocking-favorable summer winds hamper the outflow and cause accumulation of freshwater in the Kara Sea. The year following a blocking event is characterized by enhanced transports driven by a baroclinic flow along the coast that is set up by increased freshwater volumes. Eventually, the VSC merges with a slope current and provides a major pathway for Eurasian river water toward the western Arctic along the Eurasian continental slope. Kara (and Laptev) Sea freshwater transport is not correlated with the Arctic Oscillation, but rather driven by regional summer pressure patterns.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JC010635
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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