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  • 1
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    International Benchmark on Numerical Simulations for 1D, Nonlinear Site Response (PRENOLIN): Verification Phase Based on Canonical Cases (2016)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: PREdiction of NOn-LINear soil behavior (PRENOLIN) is an international benchmark aiming to test multiple numerical simulation codes that are capable of predicting nonlinear seismic site response with various constitutive models. One of the objectives of this project is the assessment of the uncertainties associated with nonlinear simulation of 1D site effects. A first verification phase (i.e., comparison between numerical codes on simple idealistic cases) will be followed by a validation phase, comparing the predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong-motion recordings obtained at well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 23 different computational codes. We present here the main results of the verification phase dealing with simple cases. Three different idealized soil profiles were tested over a wide range of shear strains with different input motions and different boundary conditions at the sediment/bedrock interface. A first iteration focusing on the elastic and viscoelastic cases was proved to be useful to ensure a common understanding and to identify numerical issues before pursuing the nonlinear modeling. Besides minor mistakes in the implementation of input parameters and output units, the initial discrepancies between the numerical results can be attributed to (1) different understanding of the expression "input motion" in different communities, and (2) different implementations of material damping and possible numerical energy dissipation. The second round of computations thus allowed a convergence of all teams to the Haskell–Thomson analytical solution in elastic and viscoelastic cases. For nonlinear computations, we investigate the epistemic uncertainties related only to wave propagation modeling using different nonlinear constitutive models. Such epistemic uncertainties are shown to increase with the strain level and to reach values around 0.2 (log 10 scale) for a peak ground acceleration of 5 m/s 2 at the base of the soil column, which may be reduced by almost 50% when the various constitutive models used the same shear strength and damping implementation.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    The new ITACA monograph: main features and data compiling (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The activities carried out within Task 2 aim to collect, organize and synthesize geological, geomorphological, geotechnical and geophysical data for the location site of the Accelerometric National Network (RAN) stations in Italy, managed by the Department of Civil Protection. Knowledge of geological and geomorphological context, and the mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the stations subsoil is an important factor for studies on the attenuation laws and the choice of accelerograms related to the subsoil category provided by seismic code. Having to produce on a large number of sites (over 600), this knowledge have to be rationalized and homogenized so as to arrive at a common and comparable level of information. With this goal has been organized and implemented the activities within Task 2.
    Description: Published
    Description: Roma
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: accelerometric stations ; ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    Progress report on the ongoing activity for constructing a catalogue of geological/geotechnical information at accelerometric stations (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The main goals within Task2 are: • the development of the new standard format for station monograph; • collection, organization and synthesis of geological, geomorphological, geotechnical and geophysical data; • evaluation of the reliability of the existing data; • compilation of station monographs; • a site classification. All the research units are involved in the collection and elaboration of data relevant to the compilation of the monographs. RU2 (INGV-RM1) and RU6 (UniRM1-DISG) have directly contributed in the development of the structure and content of the new monograph, and in the release of the first proposal of site classification. Additional contributions from other RUs concern the assessment of the reliability of the existing shear wave velocity data (RU4 - PoliTO), the preparation of the geomechanical section of the new monograph (RU7 - UniSI-UniRM1-DST) and for web support to data collection and online monograph compilation (RU1 (INGV-MI).
    Description: Progetto DPC-INGV S4 "Banca dati accelerometrica" - Task 2
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Accelerometric stations ; Site classification ; Data catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 4
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    Revised seismic classification of the ITACA stations, according to the EC8 and the Italian norms site classes (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The activities carried out within Task 2 aim to collect, organize and synthesize geological, geomorphological, geotechnical and geophysical data for the location site of the Accelerometric National Network (RAN) stations in Italy, managed by the Department of Civil Protection, to improve the knowledge about the subsoil (see Delverable D05) and to permit a subsoil and topographic site classification based on EC8 categories. At the end of the project the subsoil of 695 stations have been classified using an hybrid approch, based on surface geology, spectral classification and Vs profils from different recording tecniques (DH, CH, MASW, ESAC). These activities have been useful to link the ITACA database with the software REXEL to select natural accelerograms, compatible with Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni (NTC2008) and EUROCODE 8 (EC8) spectra, which may also reflect characteristics of the source in terms of magnitude and epicentral distance. For 688 station sites have been provided also a topographic classification using a GIS based semiautomatic method with “by-hand” corrections using topographic maps and/or Google Earth software. A Microsoft Excel Database which also allows to track all changes that have been made since the beginning of the project related to the site classification has been developed.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: site classification ; accelerometric stations ; ITACA database ; EC8 ; Italian seismic norms ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 5
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    The Aterno valley strong-motion array: seismiccharacterization and determination of subsoil model (2012)
    Springer Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The paper focuses on the strong motion array deployed in the upper Aterno River Valley, in the immediate outskirts north-west of the town of L’Aquila, which is part of the Italian Strong Motion Network operated by the Department of Civil Protection. The array is composed of six accelerometric stations located along a cross section of the valley. The importance of this array relies on the fact that a large amount of high-quality records were obtained during the 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence, from both the mainshock and several aftershocks. These data are especially important to investigate site effects in sediment-filled valleys during moderate earthquakes in epicentral area because well-documented observational studies are very limited in the literature. However, the main drawback for the study of site effects in the Aterno valley is the lack of a detailed knowledge of the geometry of the valley, soil layering and dynamic properties of materials. The main motivation for this study stems from the need to provide a reliable subsoil model of the valley coupled with high-quality strong motion data. Based on the above, in the framework of S4 project, a major effort was undertaken to get a trustworthy cross section of the valley by an ad hoc investigation, comprising geological and geotechnical surveys as well as an extensive geophysical campaign, characterized by both active and passive measurements. These results were complemented by additional geological and geotechnical data available in the literature. By merging all the information acquired, a 2D subsoil model of the transversal section of the upper Aterno valley has been produced. The valley is characterised by an asymmetric shape with a shallower rock basement at the western edge of the valley that deepens at the valley centre. Moreover, based on the results of geophysical tests, representative Vs values were assigned to the different lithologic units forming the alluvial deposits filling the valley. Shear wave velocity is a fundamental parameter for ground response studies and it is also effective in classifying the accelerometric station from a seismic point of view. The 2D model may be therefore, considered a benchmark model for future studies of site effects. It will offer the possibility to examine site effects with a complex underlying geology and to validate the results of numerical simulations of site response analyses with the numerous observations from earthquake recordings, both for weak and strong ground motion conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1855–1875
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: L’Aquila earthquake · Aterno valley · Strong-motion array ·Seismic characterization · Microtremors · Subsoil model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Definition of the standard format to prepare descriptive monographs of ITACA stations (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: In the previous S6 Project (2004-2007 DPC-INGV Framework Program) a monograph was carried out, that was drawn up for many stations, that were part of the former ENEL accelerometric network. In these monographs all the ENEL documentation about geological information as well as geognostic and geophysical data was included. Knowledge of geological and geomorphological context, and the mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the stations subsoil is fundamental for studies on the attenuation laws and the selection of accelerograms to be used as a seismic input for dynamic analyses for which a classification of the stations subsoil according to the EC8 and national code provisions is necessary. Considering the huge number of sites (over 600), this knowledge have to be rationalized and homogenized so as to arrive at a common and comparable level of information. The station monograph carried out within the past S6 INGV Project had tried to fill the gap in the knowledge of the recording station characteristics, with the advantage of providing a first screening on the quantity and quality of available data; however the collected data included in the monograph turned out to be uneven and incomplete since a robust standard for the collection, homogenization, representation and synthesis of data was not provided. Moreover, expert judgment for assessing quality of data, especially those derived from geotechnical and geophysical tests, was not taken into consideration. This problem has been addressed by Task 2, which has produced a new standard monograph for the ITACA stations. The new release of the station monograph is the first product of the 5 S4 Project (deliverable D3) and can be downloaded from the project website (http://esse4.mi.ingv.it). The new ITACA monograph provides a minimum level of information, homogeneous for all station sites, including multi-disciplinary data to satisfy the needs of different users and duly considers information previously not included. In detail, the new ITACA monograph consists in the following 12 cognitive modules, and various sub-modules.
    Description: Progetto DPC-INGV S4 "Banca dati accelerometrica" - Task 2
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Monograph ; Accelerometric stations ; Ground motion data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 7
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    Ground motion recordings from the MW 6.3 2009 L’Aquila earthquake in Italy and their engineering implications (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The 2009 L’Aquila earthquake sequence includes the April 6 Mw 6.3 main shock and triggered events on April 7 and 9, each recorded on a digital network having five stations on the hanging wall of the main shock fault. We describe a geometric source model drawing upon inversions by others. We describe record-specific ground motion data processing that includes the incorporation of static displacements of up to 13 cm (downdrop of hanging wall). The resulting database includes 47, 38, and 31 corrected triaxial recordings from the April 6, 7, and 9 events, respectively. We present site conditions for recording stations, including recent surface wave and borehole geophysics. We demonstrate that the high-frequency data are weaker than expected for normal fault earthquakes of these magnitudes and that the data attenuate with distance at rates generally consistent with modified next generation attenuation (NGA) equations for Italy that were available prior to the event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 317-345
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ground motion ; L'Aquila earthquake ; Seismic engineering ; Fault plane ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Caratteristiche geologiche e classificazione di sito delle stazioni accelerometriche della RAN ubicate a L'Aquila (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: L’evento sismico del 6 aprile 2009 è stato registrato da 57 stazioni accelerometriche delle RAN (Rete Accelerometrica Nazionale, gestita dal Dipartimento della Protezione Civile), alcune delle quali ubicate nella città di L’Aquila (stazione AQK) o nella porzione della Valle dell’Aterno a NW della città (AQA, AQF, AQG, AQM, AQP, AQV). Uno degli obiettivi del Progetto S4, finanziato nell’ambito della Convenzione 2007‐ 2009 tra l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, consiste nella classificazione dei siti di ubicazione delle postazioni accelerometriche utilizzando le categorie di sottosuolo previste nell’EC8‐NTC2008. Nell’ambito del Task 2 è stata rilasciata una versione preliminare di tale classificazione (vers. 1.0), ottenuta soltanto su base litologica, utilizzando una mappa prodotta dall’INGV in un precedente progetto sismologico (Progetto S6 della Convenzione DPC‐INGV 2005‐ 2007). Questa mappa litologica deriva dalla Carta Geologica d’Italia in scala 1:100.000, mediante l’accorpamento in classi delle Formazioni Geologiche secondo un criterio litologico e di età del deposito. Alle varie classi litologiche ottenute è stata quindi attribuita una delle cinque categorie di sottosuolo (A, B, C, D, E) dell’EC8‐ NTC2008. Per le stazioni per le quali sono disponibili i profili di velocità delle onde di taglio VS, la categoria di sottosuolo è stata eventualmente corretta, scegliendo la classificazione ottenuta dal profilo di velocità delle onde di taglio nei primi 30 metri. Nei giorni successivi all’evento del 6 aprile 2009, i ricercatori dell’UR2 e dell’UR6 del Progetto S4, impegnati nel Task 2, hanno effettuato sopralluoghi finalizzati alla verifica della localizzazione geografica, delle condizioni morfologiche e geologiche locali di alcune stazioni di registrazione ubicate nell’area aquilana. Sulla base delle informazioni raccolte e dei dati acquisiti, è stata prodotta una versione aggiornata (vers. 1.1) della classificazione di sito per le suddette stazioni, attualmente disponibile sul sito web del Progetto S4 (http://esse4.mi.ingv.it).
    Description: Progetto DPC-INGV S4: "Banca dati accelerometrica"
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Accelerometric stations ; L'Aquila earthquake ; Site classification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 9
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    Seismological and geotechnical aspects of the Mw=6.3 l’Aquila earthquake in central Italy on 6 April 2009 (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The L’Aquila earthquake occurred on April 6 2009 at 03:32:39 local time. The earthquake (Mw=6.3) was located in the central Italy region of Abruzzo. Much of the damage occurred in the capital city of L’Aquila, a city of approximate population 73000, although many small villages in the surrounding region of the middle Aterno river valley were also significantly damaged. In the weeks following the earthquake, the Geo-Engineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) international team, comprised of members from different European countries and the U.S., was assembled to provide post-earthquake field reconnaissance. The GEER team focused on the geological, seismological, and geotechnical engineering aspects of the event. We describe the principal seismological findings related to this earthquake including moment tensors of the main shock and two triggered events, the aftershock pattern and its variation with time, tectonic deformations associated with the main shock, surface fault rupture, and the inferred fault rupture plane. We describe damage patterns on a village-to-village scale and on a more local scale within the city of L’Aquila. In many cases the damage patterns imply site effects, as neighbouring villages on rock and soil had significantly different damage intensities (damage more pronounced on softer sediments). The April 6 mainshock was the best-recorded event to date in Italy. We present metadata related to the recording sites and then present preliminary comparisons of the data to GMPEs. Those comparisons support the notion of faster distance attenuation in Italy relative to the average for active regions as reflected in NGA GMPEs. Several incidents of ground failure are then discussed, including a number of rockfalls and minor landslides. Perhaps the most significant incidents of ground failure occurred at Lake Sinizzo, for which we describe a number of slumps and spreads around the lake perimeter. This is documented using field observations as well as LIDAR and bathymetric data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 206-339
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: L’Aquila Earthquake ; seismic source ; ground motion parameters ; site effects ; ground failure ; structural damage ; dams ; retaining structures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    ANALISI DELLA RISPOSTA SISMICA LOCALE A SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA CON MODELLI 1D, 2D e 3D (2010)
    Pàtron
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The paper reports the comparison between 1D, 2D and 3D numerical simulations of seismic site response at San Giuliano di Puglia (Italy) and the amplification recorded in the aftershocks following the 31.X.2002 Molise earthquake (MW=5.7). The records were taken by mobile stations installed in the historical center on a soft rock outcrop and in the newer part of the town on a marly clay formation. The site response analyses by the 3D model involved a subsoil volume of about a 2000 x 2000 x 1500 m, including the extension of the whole town center at surface. 2D site response analyses were carried out on a section developing along the longitudinal axis of the town, and 1D simulations were referred to the subsoil profiles at the seismic stations. 1D and 2D models accounted for the heterogeneity of clayey formation, along both vertical and horizontal directions, as evidenced by a comprehensive geotechnical investigation. The results of numerical predictions are compared to the aftershocks records in terms of amplification functions and ground motion parameters (peak acceleration and Housner intensity).
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-71
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: San Giuliano di Puglia ; 2002 Molise earthquake ; Numerical simulations ; 3D-FPSM ; 2D-QUAD4M ; 1D-Shake91 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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