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  • 1
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    A coherent signature of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition to remote watersheds of the Northern Hemisphere (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: Humans have more than doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) added to the biosphere, yet most of what is known about its accumulation and ecological effects is derived from studies of heavily populated regions. Nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios ((15)N:(14)N) in dated sediments from 25 remote Northern Hemisphere lakes show a coherent signal of an isotopically distinct source of N to ecosystems beginning in 1895 +/- 10 years (+/-1 standard deviation). Initial shifts in N isotope composition recorded in lake sediments coincide with anthropogenic CO(2) emissions but accelerate with widespread industrial Nr production during the past half century. Although current atmospheric Nr deposition rates in remote regions are relatively low, anthropogenic N has probably influenced watershed N budgets across the Northern Hemisphere for over a century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holtgrieve, Gordon W -- Schindler, Daniel E -- Hobbs, William O -- Leavitt, Peter R -- Ward, Eric J -- Bunting, Lynda -- Chen, Guangjie -- Finney, Bruce P -- Gregory-Eaves, Irene -- Holmgren, Sofia -- Lisac, Mark J -- Lisi, Peter J -- Nydick, Koren -- Rogers, Lauren A -- Saros, Jasmine E -- Selbie, Daniel T -- Shapley, Mark D -- Walsh, Patrick B -- Wolfe, Alexander P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 16;334(6062):1545-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1212267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. gholt@uw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Kepler-36: a pair of planets with neighboring orbits and dissimilar densities (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: In the solar system, the planets' compositions vary with orbital distance, with rocky planets in close orbits and lower-density gas giants in wider orbits. The detection of close-in giant planets around other stars was the first clue that this pattern is not universal and that planets' orbits can change substantially after their formation. Here, we report another violation of the orbit-composition pattern: two planets orbiting the same star with orbital distances differing by only 10% and densities differing by a factor of 8. One planet is likely a rocky "super-Earth," whereas the other is more akin to Neptune. These planets are 20 times more closely spaced and have a larger density contrast than any adjacent pair of planets in the solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Joshua A -- Agol, Eric -- Chaplin, William J -- Basu, Sarbani -- Bedding, Timothy R -- Buchhave, Lars A -- Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen -- Deck, Katherine M -- Elsworth, Yvonne -- Fabrycky, Daniel C -- Ford, Eric B -- Fortney, Jonathan J -- Hale, Steven J -- Handberg, Rasmus -- Hekker, Saskia -- Holman, Matthew J -- Huber, Daniel -- Karoff, Christopher -- Kawaler, Steven D -- Kjeldsen, Hans -- Lissauer, Jack J -- Lopez, Eric D -- Lund, Mikkel N -- Lundkvist, Mia -- Metcalfe, Travis S -- Miglio, Andrea -- Rogers, Leslie A -- Stello, Dennis -- Borucki, William J -- Bryson, Steve -- Christiansen, Jessie L -- Cochran, William D -- Geary, John C -- Gilliland, Ronald L -- Haas, Michael R -- Hall, Jennifer -- Howard, Andrew W -- Jenkins, Jon M -- Klaus, Todd -- Koch, David G -- Latham, David W -- MacQueen, Phillip J -- Sasselov, Dimitar -- Steffen, Jason H -- Twicken, Joseph D -- Winn, Joshua N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):556-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1223269. Epub 2012 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jacarter@cfa.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Two Earth-sized planets orbiting Kepler-20 (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-22
    Description: Since the discovery of the first extrasolar giant planets around Sun-like stars, evolving observational capabilities have brought us closer to the detection of true Earth analogues. The size of an exoplanet can be determined when it periodically passes in front of (transits) its parent star, causing a decrease in starlight proportional to its radius. The smallest exoplanet hitherto discovered has a radius 1.42 times that of the Earth's radius (R( plus sign in circle)), and hence has 2.9 times its volume. Here we report the discovery of two planets, one Earth-sized (1.03R( plus sign in circle)) and the other smaller than the Earth (0.87R( plus sign in circle)), orbiting the star Kepler-20, which is already known to host three other, larger, transiting planets. The gravitational pull of the new planets on the parent star is too small to measure with current instrumentation. We apply a statistical method to show that the likelihood of the planetary interpretation of the transit signals is more than three orders of magnitude larger than that of the alternative hypothesis that the signals result from an eclipsing binary star. Theoretical considerations imply that these planets are rocky, with a composition of iron and silicate. The outer planet could have developed a thick water vapour atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fressin, Francois -- Torres, Guillermo -- Rowe, Jason F -- Charbonneau, David -- Rogers, Leslie A -- Ballard, Sarah -- Batalha, Natalie M -- Borucki, William J -- Bryson, Stephen T -- Buchhave, Lars A -- Ciardi, David R -- Desert, Jean-Michel -- Dressing, Courtney D -- Fabrycky, Daniel C -- Ford, Eric B -- Gautier, Thomas N 3rd -- Henze, Christopher E -- Holman, Matthew J -- Howard, Andrew -- Howell, Steve B -- Jenkins, Jon M -- Koch, David G -- Latham, David W -- Lissauer, Jack J -- Marcy, Geoffrey W -- Quinn, Samuel N -- Ragozzine, Darin -- Sasselov, Dimitar D -- Seager, Sara -- Barclay, Thomas -- Mullally, Fergal -- Seader, Shawn E -- Still, Martin -- Twicken, Joseph D -- Thompson, Susan E -- Uddin, Kamal -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 20;482(7384):195-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ffressin@cfa.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    The same frequency of planets inside and outside open clusters of stars (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-28
    Description: Most stars and their planets form in open clusters. Over 95 per cent of such clusters have stellar densities too low (less than a hundred stars per cubic parsec) to withstand internal and external dynamical stresses and fall apart within a few hundred million years. Older open clusters have survived by virtue of being richer and denser in stars (1,000 to 10,000 per cubic parsec) when they formed. Such clusters represent a stellar environment very different from the birthplace of the Sun and other planet-hosting field stars. So far more than 800 planets have been found around Sun-like stars in the field. The field planets are usually the size of Neptune or smaller. In contrast, only four planets have been found orbiting stars in open clusters, all with masses similar to or greater than that of Jupiter. Here we report observations of the transits of two Sun-like stars by planets smaller than Neptune in the billion-year-old open cluster NGC6811. This demonstrates that small planets can form and survive in a dense cluster environment, and implies that the frequency and properties of planets in open clusters are consistent with those of planets around field stars in the Galaxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meibom, Soren -- Torres, Guillermo -- Fressin, Francois -- Latham, David W -- Rowe, Jason F -- Ciardi, David R -- Bryson, Steven T -- Rogers, Leslie A -- Henze, Christopher E -- Janes, Kenneth -- Barnes, Sydney A -- Marcy, Geoffrey W -- Isaacson, Howard -- Fischer, Debra A -- Howell, Steve B -- Horch, Elliott P -- Jenkins, Jon M -- Schuler, Simon C -- Crepp, Justin -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 4;499(7456):55-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12279. Epub 2013 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. smeibom@cfa.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Fermentation in the Production of Lactic Acid (1931)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 23 (1931), S. 532-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50257a016
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  • 6
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    Concordance in Isonymy and Pedigree Measures of Inbreeding: The Effects of Sample Composition (1987)
    Baltimore : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Human Biology. 59:5 (1987:Oct.) 753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-7143
    Topics: Biology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5243-1987-059-05-000002
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  • 7
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    How the Door Opened: The Peopling of the New World (1992)
    Baltimore : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Human Biology. 64:3 (1992:June) 281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-7143
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Articles: Special Issue on the Biological Anthropology of New World Populations
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5243-1992-064-03-000002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN MALE HOMOSEXUALS IN LONDON (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 437 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb37185.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of metastasis in a murine mammary tumour model by heparin and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (1990)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 8 (1990), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A murine mammary tumour model has been used to test the efficacy of a combination of heparin and the interferon inducer, poly I : C on spontaneous metastasis from a s.c. primary tumour and on experimental metastasis following i.v. injection of tumour cells. This treatment has no effect on the growth of primary tumours, but lung metastases arising from these tumours were reduced. When tumour cells were injected i.v. the number of lung colonies was significantly reduced and survival time extended. Short-term treatment did not prevent the subsequent growth of extravasated, but dormant tumour cells, although mice treated for 8 or 12 weeks survived at least 6 months without any sign of lung colonies. Several mechanisms may contribute to the overall effect of this treatment; a reduction in the mitotic indices of lung colonies (observed in poly I : C treated mice) and also NK cells appeared to be important for the effectiveness of poly I : C since the reduction in experimental metastasis was abrogated by concomitant treatment with anti-asialo GM1 serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117789
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastasis of mammary tumours in mice: relationship with morphology of primary tumour, and reproductive background of host (1983)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 1 (1983), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The lungs of BR6 breeding female mice which had developed spontaneous mammary tumours, were examined histologically for the presence of metastases. Metastatic nodules, or tumour cell emboli within blood vessels, were found in the lungs of 3 out of 42 (7 per cent) mice with pregnancy-dependent tumours, and in 33 out of 117 (28 per cent) mice with pregnancy-independent tumours. In general, primary tumours which were well-differentiated and organized were less likely to metastasize than poorly-differentiated ones, but there was an intermediate range within which the likelihood of metastasis could not be predicted. Analysis of the reproductive histories of the mice did not show any significant correlations between factors which might have influenced the growth and progression of the primary tumour and metastatic potential. However, the sustained presence of a high tumour load was associated with an increased probability of metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00736406
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