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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer between two metallic surfaces at small distances (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7209-7216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In scanning thermal microscopy, but also in scanning tunneling microscopy, the thermal contact between tip and sample plays an important role. The heat transfer across the vacuum gap between two parallel metallic surfaces, if the gap width is decreased below several microns, has been investigated. At these distances propagating electromagnetic modes die out but simultaneously a transfer of nonpropagating surface modes across the gap becomes more probable. The heat conductance of the vacuum gap should become distance dependent and larger than that given by the Stefan–Boltzmann law; however, the experimental results and theoretical considerations indicate that the heat transfer, based on the discussed proximity mechanism, is very small, smaller than predicted by the theory of Polder and Van Hove [Phys. Rev. B 4, 3303 (1971)]. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of the thermovoltage across a vacuum tunneling barrier: Copper islands on Ag(111) (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1217-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: If there is a temperature difference between tip and sample of a scanning tunneling microscope a thermovoltage is generated which is very sensitive to the electronic states involved in the tunneling process. This has been used, e.g., to distinguish between different metals of a heterogeneous metallic surface. To demonstrate the capability of this method it has been applied to copper islands on a Ag(111) surface. Knowing the thermopower for chemically homogeneous silver and copper surfaces of −45 and −15 μV/K, respectively, islands of copper on the silver substrate can be well identified with a lateral resolution of 1 nm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal sensors for investigation of heat transfer in scanning probe microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2262-2266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Planar thermocouples designed for investigation of heat transfer in scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning thermal microscopy are described. The limit of sensitivity to local thermal power can be as small as 10 nW. The devices are based on two different thin films formed as a cross on a thin glass substrate. Heat fluxes in the cross point can be detected by measuring the thermoelectric signal from two ends of the cross. As described elsewhere planar thermocouples of this type have been successfully used to detect the energy which is deposited by tunneling electrons and to measure the heat which is coupled across a submicron vacuum gap between two metals by the fluctuating fields of electromagnetic surface modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145225
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear acoustic resonance in tantalum with low concentrations of hydrogen impurities (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 9 (1976), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Nuclear acoustic resonance ; Tantalum ; Hydride precipitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear acoustic resonance (NAR) has been observed in tantalum single crystals with low concentrations of hydrogen (7.8 and 16 ppm) between 4.2 K and room temperature. The temperature dependence of the Δm=1 transition is reported for the first time. For the Δm=2 transition the temperature dependence of the linewidth is analysed in terms of the precipitation of a hydride phase in the Ta-H system. The differences in linewidth between virgin and pre-cooled runs can be interpreted by the effect of dislocations generated during the precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901907
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-exchange processes by tunneling electrons (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.16 ; 65.00 ; 73.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Resistive heating, emission heating or cooling (e.g., the Nottingham effect), and thermal fluctuation radiation are examples of energy exchange processes which are fundamental in electron field emission and in tunneling junctions of scanning tunneling microscopy. These exchange processes are analyzed for both electronic tunneling processes. We first discuss the energy delivered by a monoatomic tip in the field emission process. Strong phonon excitation is expected for field emission currents exceeding 1 nA. Secondly we present a theoretical calculation of the thermal deposition associated with the Nottingham effect in a tunneling junction. The calculation is based on the free electron model for the electrode materials and the tunneling process across a planar vacuum gap. Our results show that the thermal power is deposited not only at the electron receiving electrode but also at the emitting electrode. This originates from a finite probability for electrons below the Fermi level to tunnel through the tunneling barrier replaced by electrons starting from the Fermi level. The comparison between the calculations and the recent STM measurements is given. Finally we discuss the other energy exchange processes in the tunneling junction, and conclude that the thermal coupling between the tip and the sample of STM is extremely small under UHV conditions. This is important for high temperature STM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced ionic conductivity at the interface between sapphire and solid lithium iodide (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 62 (1986), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the enhanced ionic conductivity of thin films of LiI evaporated onto a planar sapphire surface carrying interdigital Au-electrodes. The interface conductivity parallel to the surface was measured in situ for increasing film thickness, up to 3,000 Å. The specific conductivity of LiI in the first 300 Å — adjacent to the sapphire — was found to exceed the bulk conductivity of LiI by nearly one order of magnitude. From our observations we conclude that the specific conductivity of LiI decreases exponentially with distance from the sapphire surface reaching the bulk LiI-value only at a distance of 3,000 Å. The conductivity of a 350 Å thick film varies with temperature (25°C≦T≦120°C) in accordance with an activation energy of 0.40±0.04 eV. This is in good agreement with the activation energy of bulk LiI in the extrinsic region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313455
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