Note: COVER -- COPYRIGHT -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Contact details of contributors -- Foreword -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Applications of the choice experiment method in Europe: a review -- 3. Using mixed logit models to derive individual-specific WTP estimates for landscape improvements under agri-environmental schemes: evidence from the Rural Environment Protection Scheme in Ireland -- 4. Economic valuation of environmental impacts in the Severely Disadvantaged Areas in England -- 5. How can choice experiments inform public environmental policies: a French case study of landscape valuation -- 6. Valuing preferences towards cultural landscapes and rural heritage: a perspective from Northern Spain -- 7. Latent market segmentation analysis of choice experiment data and implications for the EU's GM labelling policy -- 8. Use of choice experiments in assessing the role of policy instruments in social acceptability of forest biodiversity conservation in Southern Finland -- 9. Value inference using contingent valuation and choice experiments in Spanish forests -- 10. Evaluation of heterogeneous preferences for forest recreation in the UK using choice experiments -- 11. Using a choice experiment to inform implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive: the case of Cheimaditida Wetland in Greece -- 12. Using the choice experiment method to inform river management in Poland: flood risk reduction versus habitat conservation in the Upper Silesia Region -- 13. Enjoy the silence: valuing rail noise abatement in Trento, Italy -- 14. Concluding remarks and future directions -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Water Resources Allocation -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Water Resources in Cyprus: Endowments and Water Management Practices -- Introduction -- The Availability of Water Resources -- The Water Resources Balance -- Groundwater Basins and Their Current Water Balance -- Water Quality -- Water Infrastructure in Cyprus -- Surface Water -- Inter-Basin Transfers -- Other Major Irrigation Schemes -- Seawater Desalination -- Water Recycling -- The Micro-Irrigation Program -- Measures to Deal with Drought -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Water Use Patterns in Cyprus and Demand Management: Towards Water Resources Sustainability -- Introduction -- The Water Demand - Allocation and Use -- Agricultural Water Use -- Municipal Demand -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The Implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive in Cyprus -- Introduction -- A Primer on Water Framework Directive -- Implementation Timetable -- Conformity Assessment and Future Challenges in Implementation of the WFD for Cyprus -- Policy Recommendations Towards the Implementation of the WFD: Efficiency and Equity Issues -- Future Benefits of the WFD to Cyprus and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Water Management: Administration and Legislation -- Introduction -- The Water Management Administration -- The Existing Water Legislation -- Recent Developments -- Problems Encountered -- Legal Problems -- Past Institutional and Legislation Proposals -- Recent Decisions and Actions Taken -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 1: Desciption of Water Related Laws in Cyprus -- The Government Waterworks Law (Cap 341) -- The Wells Law (Cap 351) -- The Water Supply (Special Measures) Law 1964 -- Irrigation Divisions (Villages) Law (Cap 342) -- The Irrigation Association Law (Cap 115). , The Water Supply (Municipal and Other Areas) Law (Cap 350) -- Water (Domestic Purposes) Village Supplies Law (Cap 349) -- The Villages (Administration and Improvement) Law (Cap 243) -- Sewage and Drainage Law 1970 -- References -- Chapter 6: Water Policy Networks: A New Form of Governance for Cyprus? The Case of Nicosia* -- Introduction -- Water Resources and Cyprus -- Nicosia: The Last Divided Capital -- Policy Networks -- How did Policy Networks Come About? -- What is a Policy Network? -- Analytical Tool, Method or Theory? -- Characteristics: Qualities and Shortcomings -- Sectors of Cooperation on Water Resource Management Between the Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot Communities -- The Nicosia Sewage Water Treatment Plant -- Description of the Nicosia Sewage Treatment Plant -- Co-operation on Potable Water -- The Nicosia Master Plan15 -- Policy Networks in Nicosia16 -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Economics of Water Resource Allocation: Valuation Methods and Policy Implications -- Introduction -- Balancing the Demands for Water Resources: The Methodology -- The Management Unit: Watershed -- The Allocation Objectives -- Stage I of Methodology: Objective Approach to Balancing Water Demands -- Stage II of Methodology: Policy Impact Analysis -- Case Study: Kouris Watershed in Cyprus -- Overview of Human and Physical Aspects: Hydrology and Water Supply -- Sectoral Water Consumption -- The Water Balance, Rights to Resources and Institutional Background -- The Need for a Policy Change -- Applying the Principles to the Kouris Watershed -- Background to the Kouris Watershed -- Stage 1: The Evaluation of Water Demand in Cyprus -- Household Demand Assessment -- Estimating the Scarcity Value of Groundwater: Quantity -- Estimating the Scarcity Value of Groundwater: Quality. , Estimation of the Marginal Value of Water and Risk Preferences in Agriculture -- Environmental Water Demand -- Balancing Values: Policy for Implementing Optimal Allocation -- Stage II: Policy Impact Analysis -- Equity: The Welfare Impacts of Water Pricing Policy -- Risk: The Impact of Water Pricing on Variability -- Hydrology: Conjoined Water Resources, Externalities and Market Failures -- Legislative and Institutional Analysis -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Terminology -- Valuation Methods -- References -- Chapter 8: Integrated Water Resources Planning in Cyprus -- Water Resources Assessment -- Water Sources (Water Supply) -- Water Sinks (Water Demand) -- Water Demand Management -- Status of Water Legislation and Institutions -- A New Water Policy -- Objectives and Measures of the New Water Policy -- Strategy for Additional Water Supplies -- Water Demand Management and Efficient Use of Water -- Water Shortages Under the New Plan -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Water Pricing Policy in Cyprus: The Implications of the Water Framework Directive -- Introduction -- Water Tariffs Methodology -- Existing and Future Tariffs -- Domestic Water Tariffs -- Irrigation Tariffs -- Other Water Tariffs -- Recycled Water Tariffs -- Desalinated Water Tariffs -- Effects of Water Prices on Consumption -- Pricing in the European Union -- Water Pricing in Cyprus and the EU -- Box 1 Water pricing -- Box 2 Assessment of Resource and Environmental Costs -- Box 2 (continued) -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Water Resources Management and Wetland Conservation: The Case of Akrotiri Wetland in Cyprus -- Introduction -- Capturing the Value of Wetlands for Policy Purposes -- Case Study on Akrotiri Wetland -- The Contingent Valuation Survey -- Results -- Policy Implications and Conclusions -- Annex I: Technical Notes on the CVM. , Annex II: Technical Notes on the CV Survey on the Akrotiri Wetland -- References -- Chapter 11: Facing the Future: Concluding Remarks -- Introduction -- A Proposal for a Holistic Water Management in Cyprus -- Cyprus as a Single River Basin -- References.

Note: Book Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- Part I Can choice experiment help in the policy design process? Selected case studies on AquaStress mitigation -- 2 Choice experiments informing water resources policymaking: A review -- 3 Local public's valuation of flood risk reduction, biodiversity conservation and recreational activities: The polish case study -- 4 Understanding farmers' preferences for water policy design: The Portuguese case study -- 5 Estimating farmers' valuation of aquifer recharge with treated wastewater: The Cypriot case study -- 6 An analysis of water users' preferences for a community-based management regime to manage groundwater use: The tunisian case study -- Part II Can participatory and engineering instruments help in the policy design process? Selected case studies on AquaStress mitigation -- 7 The use of multi-agent based models to support water resources management: The Moroccan case study -- 8 Industrial water management as a water stress mitigation option: The Bulgarian and Polish case studies -- 9 Enhanced reservoir operation as an instrument for supporting water stress mitigation: The Italian case study -- Part III Concluding remarks for cost-benefit analysis of water stress mitigation options -- 10 Defining the discount rate trajectory for the evaluation of water stress mitigation policies and projects -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- PART I Introduction -- 1. Water management in arid and semi-arid regions: interdisciplinary perspectives - an introduction -- PART II A strategy-developing approach for regulating and managing water resources and demand in water-deficient regions: the WaterStrategyMan project -- 2. The WaterStrategyMan decision support system -- 3. Evaluation of alternative water management scenarios: case study of Ribeiras do Algarve, Portugal -- PART III A participatory approach to addressing conflicting demands and varying hydrological conditions for the sustainable use of water on Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS project -- 4. Climate change and vulnerabilities to drought on Mediterranean islands -- 5. Water use in agriculture on Mediterranean islands: present situation and future perspective -- PART IV An economic approach to integrated and sustainable water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions: a group of environmental economists from the ARID cluster -- 7. Competition versus cooperation in groundwater extraction: a stochastic framework with heterogeneous agents -- PART V A co-evolutionary approach to adaptive, integrated water management under changing utilization conditions: the Aquadapt project -- 8. Socio-cultural influences on water utilization: a comparative analysis -- 9. Some evidence of landscape change, water usage, management system and governance co-dynamics in south-eastern Spain -- PART VI Conclusion -- 10. Conclusions and policy recommendations for the EU Water Framework Directive -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: A Bird's Eye View of the Greek Water Situation: The Potential for the Implementation of the EU WFD -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Overview of the WFD -- 2 The Socio-Economic Aspects of the EU WFD -- 3 The Need for a 'Quick Appraisal' -- 4 Total Cost of Water Services -- 5 The Water Situation in Greece and the Potential of the Timely Implementation of the EU WFD -- 6 Methodologies for the Calculation of Total Economic Cost in Greece -- 6.1 Financial Cost -- 6.2 Environmental Cost -- 6.3 Resource Cost -- 7 Assessment of Cost-Recovery Level -- 7.1 Recovery from Charges to Users -- 7.2 Estimating the Cost-Recovery Level -- 8 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Introducing the Case Study, the Asopos River Basin in Greece -- 1 Presentation of the Asopos River Basin -- 2 Related Legislation -- 3 Quality of Surface and Groundwater in Asopos River Basin -- 3.1 Surface Water -- 3.2 Groundwater Quality -- 4 Pressures and Impacts of Pollution in Asopos River Basin -- 5 Functions and Values of Asopos River and Oropos Lagoon -- 5.1 Food Web Support -- 5.2 Water Storage -- 5.3 Nutrients Removal and Transformation -- 5.4 Sediment and Toxic Substances Trapping -- 5.5 Floodwater Attenuation -- 5.6 Groundwater Recharge -- 5.7 Shoreline Stabilization -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: The Economic Characterization of Asopos River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Industrial Area of Asopos River Basin -- 3 Agricultural Area of Asopos River Basin -- 4 Trends in Water Supply and Demand from Industry and Agriculture -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Simulating Residential Water Demand and Water Pricing Issues -- 1 Residential Area of Asopos RB -- 2 Area of Tourism Activity -- 3 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations. , References -- Chapter 5: An Econometric Analysis of Agricultural Production, Focusing on the Shadow Price of Groundwater: Policies Towards Socio-­Economic Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Distance Functions in Production Theory -- 3 Econometric Specification, Empirical Estimation, and Results -- 4 Conclusions -- Appendix -- 4.1 Wheat Producers -- 4.2 Statistics on Yield -- 4.3 Potatoes Producers -- 4.4 Olive Producers -- References -- Chapter 6: A Choice Experiment for the Estimation of the Economic Value of the River Ecosystem: Management Policies for Sustaining NATURA (2000) Species and the Coastal Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Survey Design and Description -- 3 Method -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: A Value Transfer Approach for the Economic Estimation of Industrial Pollution: Policy Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Identification of Impacts of Industrial Pollution -- 3 Benefit Transfer Methodology -- 4 Findings of Literature Review and Selection of the Economic Value Evidence -- 5 Valuation Exercise -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: A Laboratory Experiment for the Estimation of Health Risks: Policy Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of the Literature -- 3 Experimental Design -- 3.1 Subjects -- 3.2 Procedures and Agricultural Products -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Risk Perceptions -- 4.2 Econometric Results -- 5 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Appendix: Environmental Health Risk information -- A.1 Environmental Profile of Region A -- A.2 Environmental Profile of Region B -- A.3 Information on the Advanced Risks for Children -- References -- Chapter 9: An Economically Efficient, Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Equitable Decision Support System for Asopos River Basin: A Manual of Measures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Surface and Groundwater. , 3 Meteorological Data -- 4 Evaluation of Wetland Functions and Values -- 5 Determining Pressures on the Aquatic Ecosystems -- 6 Hydrological Simulation of the Asopos River Basin -- 6.1 Setting up an Integrated Hydrological Model -- 6.1.1 Hydrological Processes in the MIKE SHE -- 6.1.2 Interaction Between Surface- and Groundwater -- 6.2 Calibration of the Hydrological Model -- 6.3 Analysis of the Water Balance Parameters -- 7 Proposals for Climate Change Adaptation Measures -- 7.1 Climate Change Scenarios and Projected Changes in Irrigation Water Requirements -- 7.2 Impact of the Pressures on Water Resources and Proposed Measures for Their Management -- References -- Chapter 10: Creating the Institutional Background to Support the Implementation of the Policy Manual -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The legislative Frame and Institutions -- 3 The Institutional Background of a Reformed National Water Policy -- 4 The Asopos Paradigm and Common Areas of Intervention Across Other Greek Basins -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- PART I Principles: Water management issues surveyed -- 1. The political economy context of water-pricing reforms -- 2. The political economy of institutional reforms in Pakistan's irrigation sector -- PART II Problems: Case studies of special difficulties in developing countries -- 3. Selection through water markets* -- 4. Willingness to pay for migratory species preservation: The premium for cooperative agreements and implications for policy -- 5. Economic instruments for water management in the presence of positive externalities: The case of rice-based irrigation in Sri Lanka -- 6. A new methodology for measuring groundwater scarcity: Theory and application -- 7. Contrasting different methodologies to deriving natural resource scarcity rents: Some results from Cyprus -- PART III Policies: A case study of policy making for water management in Cyprus -- 8. The watershed economics management approach: An application to Cyprus* -- 9. Water management in Cyprus through a decision-support system* -- 10. A critical examination of the new integrated European water protection regime* -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. Econometrics informing natural resources management: introducing the book -- 2. Sustainability informed by econometrics: the dynamics of the long-run discount rate -- PART I Static and dynamic estimation of natural resource demand -- 3. Water pricing reforms in Mexico: the case of the manufacturing sector -- 4. Residential water demand in the Slovak Republic -- 5. Estimating urban water demands: a dynamic approach -- PART II Valuation methods -- 6. Households' valuation of domestic water in Indonesia: revisiting the Supply Driven Approach -- 7. Conflicts in wildlife conservation: aggregating total economic values -- 8. Contingent ranking of river water quality improvements -- 9. Environmental resource information and the validity of non-use values: the case of remote mountain lakes -- PART III Estimation under uncertainty -- 10. The role of risk properties and farm risk aversion on crop diversity conservation -- 11. Stochastic production in a regulated fishery: the importance of risk considerations -- 12. Is irrigation water demand really convex? -- PART IV Recent advances in econometrics methods applied to natural resource management -- 13. Contrasting conventional with multi-level modelling approaches to meta-analysis: expectation consistency in UK woodland recreation values -- 14. Individual-specific welfare measures for public goods: a latent class approach to residential customers of Yorkshire Water -- 15. Estimation of resource management objectives through empirical likelihood: can regulatory policies and economic optimization be reconciled? -- 16. Examining the Environmental Kuznets Curve: what can Kernel estimation say? -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editor and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Oceans of Tomorrow: The Transition to Sustainability -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Oceans of Tomorrow -- 1.2.1 The MERMAID Project -- 1.2.2 The H2OCEAN and TROPOS Project -- 1.3 Blue Growth and Maritime Spatial Planning -- 1.3.1 The THAL-CHOR Project -- 1.3.2 The BlueBRIDGE Project -- 1.4 Cultural Ecosystem Services and Marine Protected Areas Management -- 1.4.1 The AMAre Project -- 1.4.2 The RECONNECT Project -- 1.4.3 Cultural Heritage Protection from Anthropogenic Climate Change -- 1.5 Sustainable Coastal and Rural Areas -- 1.5.1 The COASTAL Project -- 1.5.2 The Marine Plastic Litter Challenge -- 1.6 Sustainable Shipping and Ports -- 1.7 Circular Economy and Decision-Making -- 1.8 Mobilizing Science-Driven Sustainable Blue Growth -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Stakeholder Involvement in Technological Design: Lessons Learned from the MERMAID and TROPOS Projects -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Stakeholder Involvement in TROPOS -- 2.2.1 The Importance to Involve Stakeholders -- 2.2.2 Stakeholder Groups -- 2.2.3 Activities Performed and Their Outcome -- 2.2.4 Results of Stakeholder Involvement -- 2.3 Stakeholders´ Involvement in MERMAID -- 2.3.1 The Importance to Involve Stakeholders -- 2.3.2 Stakeholder Groups -- 2.3.3 Activities Performed and Their Outcome -- 2.3.4 Results of Stakeholder Involvement -- 2.4 Comparison of the Two Approaches -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Comparative Financial Analysis of Marine Multipurpose Platforms Projects: MERMAID and TROPOS Projects -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Review Available Information from Projects´ Plans -- 3.2.2 Homogenise Available Information -- 3.2.3 Financial Assessment -- 3.3 Sensitivity Analysis -- 3.4 Risk Assessment. , 3.5 Normalisation of Project´s Flows -- 3.5.1 Aquaculture -- 3.5.2 Energy -- 3.5.3 Leisure -- 3.5.4 Container Transport -- 3.6 Financial Analysis -- 3.6.1 TROPOS Commercial Viability -- 3.6.2 MERMAID Commercial Viability -- 3.6.3 H2Ocean Commercial Viability -- 3.7 Sensitivity Analysis -- 3.8 Risk Assessment -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Social Acceptance and Socio-economic Effects of Multi-use Offshore Developments: Theory and Applications off the L... -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 New Offshore Multi-use Development: The TROPOS Platform off the Liuqiu Island -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.3.1 The Methodology for Assessing Social Acceptance -- 4.3.2 The Methodology for Assessing the Socioeconomic Effects of the Platform -- 4.3.2.1 Valuing Ecosystem Services -- 4.3.2.2 Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBA) -- 4.4 Data Collection and Description -- 4.4.1 Social Acceptance and Choice Experiment Survey -- 4.4.1.1 Survey Design: Social Acceptance -- 4.4.1.2 Survey Design: Choice Experiment -- 4.4.1.3 Data Description -- 4.4.2 Data on Social Costs and Benefits -- 4.5 Results for a TROPOS Multi-use Platform in Taiwan -- 4.5.1 Social Acceptance -- 4.5.2 Ecosystem Services Value -- 4.5.3 Social Costs and Benefits -- 4.6 Conclusion and Discussion -- Annex -- Design 1: Aquaculture Facilities -- Design 2: Aquaculture Facilities + Renewable Energy: OTEC plant + Leisure Facilities -- References -- Chapter 5: An Interdisciplinary Web-Based Decision Support System for Socio-economic Assessment of Marine Investments: The MER... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overview of the Tool -- 5.2.1 Purpose and Underlying Structure -- 5.2.2 Workflow -- 5.3 Common Practice Shortcomings -- 5.4 Detailed Exposition of Risk Analysis -- 5.4.1 North Sea Site -- 5.4.1.1 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 5.4.1.2 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5.4.2 Atlantic Site -- 5.4.2.1 Monte Carlo Simulation. , 5.4.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5.4.3 Mediterranean -- 5.4.3.1 Monte Carlo -- 5.4.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5.4.4 Baltic Site -- 5.4.4.1 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 5.4.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5.5 Technical Characteristics -- 5.6 Architecture of the Tool -- 5.7 Conclusions: Future Enhancements -- References -- Chapter 6: Techno- and Socio-economic Models of Production with Application to Aquaculture: Results from the BlueBRIDGE Project -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 VRES for Aquaculture Production -- 6.3 Socio-economic and Environmental Monetization Extension in Aquaculture Management Tools -- 6.4 What-If Analysis in Aquaculture Production Models -- 6.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Increasing Land-Sea Synergies and Coastal-Rural Collaboration for a Healthy Ocean: The COASTAL Project -- 7.1 The Need to Increase Land-Sea Synergies -- 7.1.1 Coastal Areas and Rural Hinterland -- 7.1.2 Inland Impacts on Coastal and Sea Regions -- 7.1.3 The Source-to-Sea Approach Supported by a Global Policy Framework but Locally the Governance Still Fragmented -- 7.1.4 Promoting Land-Sea Synergies to Foster the `Source-to-Sea´ Management Approach -- 7.2 The H2020 COASTAL Project -- 7.2.1 Methodology and Tools -- 7.2.2 COASTAL Project Case Studies -- 7.2.2.1 Belgian Coastal Zone (North Sea Region) -- 7.2.2.2 South-West Messinia (Eastern Mediterranean Region) -- 7.2.2.3 Norrström River Basin: Baltic (Baltic Sea Region) -- 7.2.2.4 Charente River Basin (Atlantic Coast) -- 7.2.2.5 Danube Mouth: Black Sea (Black Sea Region) -- 7.2.2.6 Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon (Western Mediterranean Sea) -- 7.2.3 Embedding Stakeholder Perspectives -- 7.2.4 Fostering Land-Sea Synergies: Initial Findings from the COASTAL Project -- 7.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Monetary and Non-monetary Valuation of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Marine Protected Areas. , 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Operationalization of CES -- 8.3 Monetary and Non-monetary Valuation Methods -- 8.4 CES Valuation and MPA Management -- 8.4.1 Monetary Valuation -- 8.4.2 Non-monetary Valuation -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Tackling Single-Use-Plastic Products in the Easter Mediterranean Sea: The BL.EU. Climate and MEDfreeSUP Projects -- 9.1 The Challenge of Marine Litter in the Mediterranean Sea -- 9.2 Policy Mapping on Plastic Reduction and Circular Economy -- 9.3 BL.EU. Climate: Climate Innovation in Southern Waters -- 9.3.1 Stakeholders Mapping and Problem Identification -- 9.3.2 Survey and Conclusions -- 9.3.3 Design of the Roadmap -- 9.4 MEDfreeSUP Project: Tacking Single-Use-Plastic Item Uses in the Easter Mediterranean Sea -- 9.5 Conclusions -- Annexures -- References -- Chapter 10: Sustainable Shipping: Levers of Change -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Recent Economic Trends for Maritime Transport -- 10.3 Environmental Pressures from Shipping -- 10.4 New Challenges to Sustainable Shipping -- 10.4.1 Heavy Reliance on Oil for Propulsion -- 10.4.2 Air Pollution with a Focus on the 2020 Sulfur Cap -- 10.4.3 SO2 Emissions Policy -- 10.4.4 CO2 Emissions -- 10.4.5 European Green Deal and European Climate Law -- 10.4.6 Market-Based Mechanisms for GHG Mitigation -- 10.5 Sustainability Initiatives in Maritime Transport -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: New Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Ports: The Deep Demonstration in Maritime Hubs Project -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Ports Needs Towards Environmental Sustainability -- 11.3 Systems Innovations Approach to Engage Stakeholders in Co-designing and Implementing -- 11.4 Deep Demonstrations for Net-Zero Emissions -- 11.5 Ports Role in Reducing the Global Carbon Footprint -- 11.5.1 Environmental Ship Index (ESI) -- 11.5.2 Port Emissions Toolkits. , 11.6 EU Policies on Sustainable Ports -- 11.7 The European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO) -- 11.7.1 The Green Guide -- 11.7.2 EcoPorts Initiative and EcoPortsinSights Environmental Report -- 11.7.2.1 Environmental Management Indicators -- 11.7.2.2 Green Services to Shipping -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Circular Economy in National Smart Specialisation Strategies: The Case of Greece -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 External Influence -- 12.2.1 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 12.2.2 The Circular Economy Transition in the EU -- 12.3 The Greek Context -- 12.3.1 Snapshot of the Greek CE Performance -- 12.4 Policies and Governance for the CE -- 12.4.1 The Legal Landscape Before the Introduction of the CE Strategy -- 12.4.2 Policy Design and Implementation -- 12.4.3 Governance -- 12.4.4 The Greek National CE Strategy (NCES) -- 12.5 The SSS Experience -- 12.6 Linking the Smart Specialisation Strategy to the CE Transition: A Greek Pilot -- 12.7 A Stakeholder Validation Workshop -- 12.7.1 Opportunities -- 12.7.2 Challenges -- 12.8 Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: SDG Related to the CE -- Appendix 2: The Greek Action Plan of the CE -- Appendix 3: O.P. and R.O.P. Interventions Possibly Linked to CE -- Appendix 4: CE-Related Actions Per Region and NCES Goals -- References -- Chapter 13: Conclusions and Recommendations -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Main Findings and Policy Recommendations -- 13.2.1 MERMAID and TROPOS Projects -- 13.2.2 Blue Growth and Source-to-Sea Sustainable Integration -- 13.2.3 Marine Protected Areas -- 13.2.4 Marine Plastic Litter -- 13.2.5 Sustainable Shipping and Ports -- 13.2.6 Circular Economy -- 13.3 Directions for Future Research -- References.

Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the MERMAID Project -- References -- Part I: Socio-economic Assessment of Multi-use Offshore Platforms -- Chapter 2: Methodology for Integrated Socio-economic Assessment of Multi-use Offshore Platforms -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Scoping the Assessment -- 2.2.1 Key Impacts of MUOPs -- 2.2.2 Impacts on Environment and Ecosystem Services -- 2.2.3 Extent of Appropriate Information for Undertaking the Assessment -- 2.3 Profiling Baseline Conditions and Characterization of Production and Demand of MUOPs -- 2.3.1 Description of Case Studies and Socio-economic Characterization -- 2.3.2 Production and Demand Structures of the Proposed MUOPs -- 2.3.2.1 Identification of Private/Financial Costs of Suggested MUOPs -- 2.3.2.2 Identification of the Social and Environmental Costs of Suggested MUOPs -- 2.3.2.3 Demand-Side Analysis of Potential Production of Goods and Services of Proposed MUOPs -- 2.4 Data Availability and Approaches for Socio-economic Impact Assessment of MUOPs -- 2.5 Methods for the Quantification of the Costs and the Benefits -- 2.5.1 A Maximum Data Approach for Socio-economic Impact Assessment -- 2.5.2 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) -- 2.5.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) -- 2.5.4 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) -- 2.5.5 A Limited Data Approach for Socio-economic Impact Assessment -- 2.6 Risk Analysis Approach -- 2.7 Life Cycle Assessment of Multi-use Offshore Platforms -- 2.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Socio-economic Analysis of a Selected Multi-­use Offshore Site in the Baltic Sea -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Case Study in a Socio-economic Context -- 3.2.1 Demographics and Economic Activities -- 3.2.2 Stakeholders -- 3.2.3 Institutional and Policy Framework. , 3.2.3.1 Policies Related to Offshore Wind Energy -- 3.2.3.2 Policies Related to Fish Farming -- 3.2.3.3 Policies Related to Environmental Concerns -- 3.3 Monetization of Environmental Impact -- 3.3.1 Impact on Ecosystem Services -- 3.3.2 Impact on CO2 Emissions -- 3.4 Financial and Economic Assessment -- 3.5 Social Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 3.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Socio-economic Analysis of a Selected Multi-­use Offshore Site in the North Sea -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Case Study in a Socio-economic Context -- 4.2.1 Demographics and Economic Activities -- 4.2.2 Stakeholders -- 4.2.3 Institutional and Policy Framework -- 4.2.3.1 Policies Related to Offshore Wind Energy -- 4.2.3.2 Policies Related to Multi-use of Marine Areas -- 4.2.4 Controversies and Implementation Obstacles -- 4.3 Monetization of Environmental Impact -- 4.3.1 Impact on Ecosystem Services -- 4.3.2 Impact on CO2 Emissions -- 4.4 Financial and Economic Assessment -- 4.5 Social Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 4.6 Discussion and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 5: Socio-economic Assessment of a Selected Multi-use Offshore Site in the Atlantic -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Case Study in a Socio-economic Context -- 5.2.1 Demographics and Economic Activities -- 5.2.2 Stakeholders, and Implementation Barriers -- 5.2.3 Institutional and Policy Framework -- 5.2.3.1 Policies Related to Offshore Renewable Energy -- 5.2.3.2 Administrative Procedures Related to Offshore Renewable Energy -- 5.2.3.3 Policy Obstacles and Regulatory Uncertainty -- 5.3 Monetization of Environmental Impact -- 5.3.1 Impact on Ecosystem Services -- 5.3.2 Impact on CO2 Emissions -- 5.4 Financial and Economic Assessment -- 5.5 Social Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- References. , Chapter 6: Socio-economic Analysis of a Selected Multi-­use Offshore Site in the Mediterranean Sea -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Case Study in a Socio-economic Context -- 6.2.1 Demographics and Economic Activities -- 6.2.2 Stakeholders -- 6.2.3 Institutional and Policy Framework -- 6.2.3.1 Policies Related to Offshore Energy -- 6.2.3.2 Policies Related to Aquaculture -- 6.2.4 Environmental Uncertainty and Implementation Obstacles -- 6.3 Monetization of Environmental Impact -- 6.3.1 Impact on Ecosystem Services -- 6.3.2 Impact on CO2 Emissions -- 6.4 Financial and Economic Assessment -- 6.5 Social Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 6.6 Discussion and Recommendations -- References -- Part II: Risk Analysis -- Chapter 7: Risk Analysis for the Selected MERMAID Final Designs -- 7.1 Introduction of Risk Analysis -- 7.2 Risk Analysis of the Atlantic Site -- 7.2.1 Sensitivity Analysis -- 7.2.2 Monte Carlo Simulations -- 7.2.2.1 Wind & -- Wave, 3% Discount Rate, Compared to Coal Energy Production -- 7.2.2.2 Wind & -- Wave, 3% Discount Rate, Compared to ENTSO-E Energy Production -- 7.2.2.3 Wind & -- Wave, 4% Discount Rate, Compared to Coal Energy Production -- 7.2.2.4 Wind & -- Wave, 4% Discount Rate, Compared to ENTSO-E Energy Production -- 7.3 Risk Analysis of the Baltic Site -- 7.3.1 Sensitivity Analysis -- 7.3.2 Monte Carlo Simulations -- 7.3.2.1 Wind, 3% Discount Rate, Compared to Coal Energy Production -- 7.3.2.2 Wind, 3% Discount Rate, Compared to ENTSO-E Energy Production -- 7.3.2.3 Wind, 4% Discount Rate, Compared to Coal Energy Production -- 7.3.2.4 Wind, 4% Discount Rate, Compared to ENTSO-E Energy Production -- 7.4 Risk Analysis of the Mediterranean Site -- 7.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis -- 7.4.2 Monte Carlo Simulations -- 7.4.2.1 Aquaculture, 3% Discount Rate -- 7.4.2.2 Aquaculture, 4% Discount Rate -- 7.5 Risk Analysis of the North Sea Site. , 7.5.1 Sensitivity Analysis -- 7.5.2 Monte Carlo Simulations -- 7.5.2.1 Wind & -- Seaweed & -- Mussels, 3% Discount Rate, Compared to Coal Energy Production -- 7.5.2.2 Wind & -- Seaweed & -- Mussels, 4% Discount Rate, Compared to ENTSO-E Energy Production -- 7.6 Comparing Sensitivity Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations -- Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations -- Reference.