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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht :Springer Netherlands,
    Keywords: Ecology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (461 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789401197311
    Series Statement: Monographiae Biologicae Series ; v.18
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 3 (1980), S. 119-127 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; Angiomatous malformation ; Computerized tomography ; Giant aneurysm ; Intracerebral hematoma ; Microangioma ; Moya-Moya ; Subarachnoid hemorrhage ; Vein of Galenaneurysm ; Aneurysma ; Angiomatöse Fehlbildung ; Computer-Tomographie ; Riesen-Aneurysma ; Intracerebrales Hämatom ; Mikroangiom ; Moya-Moya-Syndrom ; Subarachnoidalblutung ; Aneurysma der V. Galeni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die computer-tomographischen Befunde von 166 Patienten mit cerebralen Gefäßmißbildungen wurden analysiert und den klinischen sowie angiographischen Befunden gegenüberstellt. Es handelte sich um 99 Patienten mit 117 Aneurysmen und 67 Patienten mit angiomatösen Fehlbildungen. Die Computer-Tomographie erbrachte den Nachweis einer intrakraniellen Blutung bei 103 Patienten. Bei 60 Fällen mit Aneurysmen fand sich 17mal eine subarachnoidale und 43mal eine intracerebrale Blutung und bei 43 Fällen mit Angiomen 6mal ausschließlich eine subarachnoidale und 37mal eine intracerebrale Blutung. Die Blutungsquelle wurde im CT bei 12 (12%) Aneurysmen und bei 27 (40%) Angiomen sicher oder mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit diagnostiziert. Weiterhin konnten bei 10 Angiomen Verkalkungen festgestellt werden und in 18 Fällen fanden sich Gebiete verminderter Dichte, die nach Lokalisation und Ausbreitung als durchblutungsabhängige Oedeme gedeutet wurden. Nach Kontrastmittelapplikation konnten auch kleinere Aneurysmen und Angiome im Computer-Tomogramm erkannt werden. Thrombosierte Anteile in sehr großen Aneurysmen lißen sich im Computer-Tomogramm besser nachweisen als im Angiogramm. Von 29 mittelgroßen bzw. großen Angiomen (Makroangiomen) wurden 25 (86%) im CT erkannt und 26 stellten sich im Angiogramm dar. 3 histologisch gesicherte Angiome waren angiographisch nicht nachweisbar, zeigten sich jedoch als Gebiete verminderter Dichte im Computer-Tomogramm und wurden praeoperativ als Gliome mißdeutet. Bei 36 Mikroangiomen wurde im Computer-Tomogramm nur die intrakranielle Blutung eindeutig diagnostiziert. Das Mikroangiom als Blutungsquelle wurde in 24 Fällen angiographisch und in 21 Fällen postoperativ histologisch nachgewiesen. Bei der Sturge-Weber'schen Erkrankung können sich die Verkalkungen in der Computer-Tomographie früher darstellen als im Röntgenbild.
    Notes: Summary Computerized tomography scans of 166 patients — 99 cases with 117 aneurysms, and 67 cases with angiomatous malformations — were reviewed and correlated with angiographic and clinical findings. An intracranial hemorrhage was identified by CT scan in 103 patients, in 60 cases with aneurysms (17 only subarachnoid, 43 intracerebral), and in 43 cases with angiomas (6 only subarachnoid, 37 intracerebral). The source of hemorrhage was diagnosed with varying degrees of certainty with CT scan in 12 (12%) cases with aneurysms and in 27 (40%) cases with angiomas. Further CT findings were low density lesions in 18 cases indicating vasogenic edema, and calcifications in 10 angiomas. Intravenous infusion of contrast material was necessary to distinguish smaller aneurysms and angiomas. CT scan demonstrated the presence and location of thrombosed portions of giant aneurysms; these findings were less apparent with angiography. In 29 angiomas of medium or large size (macroangiomas) the malformation was demonstrated with CT scan in 25 (86%) cases and with angiography in 26 cases. 3 angiographically occult angiomas were diagnosed with CT as low density lesions and misinterpreted as gliomas. In all 36 microangiomas only the hemorrhage was precisely diagnosed with CT. The microangioma was identified angiographically in 24 cases and histologically in 21. In Sturge-Weber's disease the calcifications may be seen earlier with CT than with skull x-ray.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Bana ; Leaves ; Phytomass ; Root/shoot ratio ; Spodosol ; Structure ; Tropical forest ; Wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bana, or Low Amazon Caatinga is an evergreen sclerophyllous woodland. It occurs on bleached quartz sands in the lowlands of SW Venezuela, where it occupies relatively small ‘islands’ amidst Tall Amazon Caatinga which is exclusively developed on tropaquods. There is an outer vegetation belt about 20 m in width in which trees over 10 m in height occur (Tall Bana); its structure and floristic composition resemble Tall Amazon Caatinga. Low Bana (maximum tree height usually below 5 m) follows next. The central part is occupied by Open Bana in which even lower trees are very widely spaced. Destructive phytomass sampling was carried out for chemical analyses in seven plots along a 150 m line across the zonation. The total dry matter of living plants including roots of Tall Bana (30–32 kg/m2) compares rather well with 41 kg/m2 in Tall Amazon Caatinga. This is only 9–14 kg/m2 in Low Bana, and 4–6 kg/m2 in Open Bana. The average root % of total phytomass increases from 41% in Tall Bana to 63% in Low Bana, and is 88% in Open Bana. Average total dry dead above-ground phytomass (including standing trees and stumps) declines from 1 kg/m2 in Tall Bana to 0.2 kg/m2 in Open Bana. An accumulation of dead matter in Low and Open Bana, relative to the above-ground phytomass of living plants, is noted and this contrasts with the general absence of raw humus in the soil. Eighty-two species of woody plants (dbh≥1 cm) were recorded on the total plot area (640 m2); 90% of the species are also known to occur in Tall Amazon Caatinga. The species number declines from 59 in Tall Bana to 18 in Open Bana. Mesophylls sensu strictu dominate in Tall Bana, while notophylls are dominant in Low and Open Bana. Herbaceous species are less numerous: most of them belong to the Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Droseraceae, Eriocaulaceae and Xyridaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Amazon rainforest ; Amazonian Caatinga ; Phytomass ; Root mass ; Bana ; Leaf area index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phytomass structure of the evergreen lowland forest vegetation (Tall Amazon Caatinga) supported by tropaquods near San Carlos de Rio Negro, Federal Amazon Territory of Venezuela was studied in 13 10 m× 10 m plots. The plots were laid out subjectively to cover a low topographical gradient along which the forest on tropaquod is grading into a low woodland (Bana, or Low Amazon Caatinga). The phytomass was estimated by destructive sampling. The total living phytomass (dry matter) varies between 199 t/ha in one plot including a natural gap, to 822 t/ha in a plot located near a blackwater creek draining the 10 ha study site in which the vegetation was surveyed. Dead aboveground phytomass (dry matter) varies between 2 and 37 t/ha. The average leaf area index is 5.1. Leaves are sclerophyllous. The mesophyll leaf size class is dominant. Compared with other Amazonian rainforests the Tall Amazon Caatinga is lower in aboveground phytomass and wood volume, respectively, but its root average proportion is 2.4 times greater. One hundred and thirty species (dbh≥1 cm) were recorded in all plots. 14–45 species per plot composed the aboveground phytomass. 20 species each had a relative frequency of 50 or more percent. 7 of these species plus 10 less frequent ones each represented 10 or more percent of the basal area in at least 1 plot. Sixteen species each contributed 10 or more percent to the aboveground phytomass, in at least 1 plot. There is only 1 species (Micranda sprucei, Euphorbiaceae) which was observed in all plots. Its contribution to basal area and aboveground phytomass is considerable. M. sprucei is also the dominant species of the top canopy layer. Eperua leucantha, Caesalpiniaceae, is subdominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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