Description: This dataset is a collection of moored velocity data used in the study “Sources and pathways of intraseasonal meridional kinetic energy in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean” (Körner et al., 2022) to analyze the representation of meridional intraseasonal velocity variability in a general circulation model. The observational velocity data were collected at five different locations along the equator. At 0°N, 35°W velocity data were collected by single-point current meters in four different depths from October 1992 until May 1994. Between August 2004 and June 2006 an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and single-point current meters collected data at 0°N, 35°W. Moorings at 0°N, 23°W provide velocity measurements from December 2001 to June 2021 (apart from a period from December 2002 to February 2004 when no mooring was in place). At 0°N, 10°W velocity data were collected between May 2003 to March 2019 using ADCPs and single-point current meters. However, the mooring was not consecutively installed leading to data gaps of up to two years. Between 2007 and 2011 ADCPs recorded velocity data at 0°N, 0°E.

Description: The tropical Angolan upwelling system is a highly productive ecosystem with a distinct seasonal cycle in surface temperature and primary production. The lowest sea surface temperature, strongest cross-shore temperature gradient, and maximum productivity occur in austral winter when seasonally prevailing upwelling favorable winds are weakest. A multi cruise dataset of microstructure profiles collected between 2013 and 2022 in the tropical Angolan upwelling system was used to analyze the importance of mixing for cooling of the mixed layer. The data were collected during six cruises on board of the R/V Meteor. The results show that cooling due to turbulent heat fluxes at the base of the mixed layer is an important cooling term. This turbulent cooling, that is strongest in shallow shelf regions, is capable of explaining the observed negative cross-shore temperature gradient.

Description: Microstructure data was collected using a microstructure profiler MSS90D manufactured by Sea&Sun Technology in cooperation with ISW-Wassermesstechnik. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are calculated as described in Schafstall et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010). Stored parameters include: Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy from 3 microstructure shear sensors, temperature, salinity and depth.

Description: Microstructure data was collected using a microstructure profiler MSS90D manufactured by Sea&Sun Technology in cooperation with ISW-Wassermesstechnik. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are calculated as described in Schafstall et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010). Stored parameters include: Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy from 3 microstructure shear sensors, temperature, salinity and depth.

Description: Microstructure data was collected using a microstructure profiler MSS90D manufactured by Sea&Sun Technology in cooperation with ISW-Wassermesstechnik. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are calculated as described in Schafstall et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010). Stored parameters include: Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy from 3 microstructure shear sensors, temperature, salinity and depth.

Description: Microstructure data was collected using a microstructure profiler MSS90D manufactured by Sea&Sun Technology in cooperation with ISW-Wassermesstechnik. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are calculated as described in Schafstall et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010). Stored parameters include: Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy from 3 microstructure shear sensors, temperature, salinity and depth.

Description: Microstructure data was collected using a microstructure profiler MSS90D manufactured by Sea&Sun Technology in cooperation with ISW-Wassermesstechnik. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are calculated as described in Schafstall et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010). Stored parameters include: Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy from 2 microstructure shear sensors, temperature, salinity and depth.

Description: Microstructure data was collected using a microstructure profiler MSS90D manufactured by Sea&Sun Technology in cooperation with ISW-Wassermesstechnik. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are calculated as described in Schafstall et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010). Stored parameters include: Dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy from 2 microstructure shear sensors, temperature, salinity and depth.

Description: Current velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Meteor III cruise MET189 were collected by a vessel-mounted 75 kHz RDI Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 5.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode (WM10) with a bin size of 8.00 m, a blanking distance of 4.00 m, and a total of 100 bins, covering the depth range between 17.0 m and 809.0 m. Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's motion reference unit and the navigation data from the Global Positioning systems were used by the data acquisition software VmDAS internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Single-ping data / ping ensembles were screened for bottom signals and, where appropriate, a bottom mask was manually processed. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. To reduce acoustic interference with other acoustic devices the transducer orientation with respect to the ship's centerline was adjusted during the cruise from 45° to 0°. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (Setting 1: -44.7838° +/- 0.6174°, Setting 2: -0.2047° +/- 0.4679°) and scale factor (Setting 1: 1.0092 +/- 0.0114, Setting 2: 1.0035 +/- 0.0076) of the Ocean Surveyor signal. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 60 s. Velocity quality flagging is based on following threshold criteria: abs(UC) or abs(VC) 〉 1.5 m/s, rms(UC_z) or rms(VC_z) 〉 0.3.

Description: Current velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Meteor III cruise MET189 were collected by a vessel-mounted 38 kHz RDI Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 5.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode (WM10) with a bin size of 16.00 m, a blanking distance of 8.00 m, and a total of 80 bins, covering the depth range between 29.0 m and 1293.0 m. Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's motion reference unit and the navigation data from the Global Positioning systems were used by the data acquisition software VmDAS internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Measured velocities and bin-depth mapping were corrected due to occasional incorrect temperature measurements at the transducer that affected the sound velocity calculation. Corrected sound velocity values were derived using temperature measured by the ship's thermosalinograph. Single-ping data / ping ensembles were screened for bottom signals and, where appropriate, a bottom mask was manually processed. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (-44.7816° +/- 0.5790°) and scale factor (1.0033 +/- 0.0097) of the Ocean Surveyor signal. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 60 s. Velocity quality flagging is based on following threshold criteria: abs(UC) or abs(VC) 〉 1.5 m/s, rms(UC_z) or rms(VC_z) 〉 0.3.