Note: 98 Structure and Bonding -- Localized to Itinerant Electronic Transitionin Perovskite Oxides -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- General Considerations -- Transport Properties -- Local Atomic Structure of CMR Manganites and Related Oxides -- Optical Spectroscopic Studies of Metal-Insulator Transitions in Perovskite-Related Oxides -- Author Index Volumes 1-98.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Five Questions About a Weed Seedling -- Cotyledons: Quick Guide -- Young Plants: Quick Guide -- Galium Aparine Cleavers -- Veronica Hederifolia Ivy-Leaved Speedwell -- Sinapis Arvensis Charlock -- Raphanus Raphanistrum Runch (Wild Radish) -- Lapsana Communis Nipplewort -- Chamomilla Suaveolens Pineappleweed -- Matricaria Perforata Scentless Mayweed -- Aphanes Arvensis Parsley-Piert -- Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Shepherd's-Purse -- Papaver Rhoeas Common Poppy -- Stellaria Media Common Chickweed -- Bilderdykia Convolvulus Black-Bindweed -- Polygonum Aviculare Knotgrass -- Polygonum Persicaria Redshank -- Polygonum Lapathifolium Pale Persicaria -- Fumaria Officinalis Common Fumitory -- Chenopodium Album Fat-Hen -- Atriplex Patula Common Orache -- Chrysanthemum Segetum Corn Marigold -- Thlaspi Arvense Field Penny-Cress -- Spergula Arvensis Corn Spurrey -- Solanum Nigrum Black Nightshade -- Veronica Persica Common Field-Speedwell -- Viola Arvensis Field Pansy -- Anagallis Arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel -- Urtica Urens Small Nettle -- Geranium Molle Dove's-Foot Crane's-Bill -- Lamium Amplexicaule Henbit Dead-Nettle -- Lamium Purpureum Red Dead-Nettle -- Galeopsis Tetrahit Common Hemp-Nettle -- Senecio Vulgaris Groundsel -- Myosotis Arvensis Field Forget-me-not -- Euphorbia Peplus Petty Spurge -- Aethusa Cynapium Fool's Parsley -- Sonchus spp. Sow-Thistles -- Vicia spp. Tare, Vetch -- Epilobium spp. Willowherbs -- Cardamine Hirsuta Hairy Bitter-Cress -- Rumex spp. Docks -- Taraxacum Officinale Dandelion -- Glossary -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background in spin systems and critical phenomena -- 2.1 Notation and definitions and critical indices -- 2.2 Correlation-length scaling and universality classes -- 2.3 Properties of the Ising model -- 2.4 The Kosterlitz-Thouless model -- 2.5 Coulomb gas, duality maps, and the phases of the planar model -- 2.6 Asymptotic freedom in two-dimensional spin systems -- 2.7 Instantons in two-dimensional spin systems -- 2.8 Computer experiments and simulation methods -- 2.9 The transfer matrix in field theory and statistical physics -- 2.9.1 The simple harmonic oscillator -- 2.9.2 The transfer matrix for the Ising model -- 2.9.3 Self-duality and kink condensation through the eyes of the transfer matrix -- 3 Gauge fields on a four-dimensional euclidean lattice -- 3.1 Lattice formulation, local gauge invariance, and the continuum action -- 3.2 Confinement and the strong-coupling limit -- 3.3 Confinement mechanisms in two and four dimensions: vortex and monopole condensation -- 4 Fermions and nonperturbative dynamics in QCD -- 4.1 Asymptotic freedom and the continuum limit -- 4.2 Axial symmetries and the vacuum of QCD -- 4.3 Two-dimensional fermionic models of confinement, axial symmetries, and Theta vacua -- 4.4 Instantons and the scales of QCD -- 5 Lattice fermions and chiral symmetry -- 5.1 Free fermions on the lattice in one and two dimensions -- 5.2 Fermions and bosons on Euclidean lattices -- 5.3 Staggered Euclidean fermions -- 5.4 Block derivatives and axial symmetries -- 5.5 Staggered fermions and remnants of chiral symmetry -- 5.6 Exact chiral symmetry on the lattice -- 5.6.1 Domain-wall fermions -- 5.6.2 The Ginsparg-Wilson relation -- 5.7 Chiral-symmetry breaking on the lattice -- 5.8 Simulating dynamical fermions in lattice-gauge theory. , 5.9 The microcanonical ensemble and molecular dynamics -- 5.10 Langevin and hybrid algorithms -- 6 The Hamiltonian version of lattice-gauge theory -- 6.1 Continuous time and discrete space -- 6.2 Quark confinement in Hamiltonian lattice-gauge theory and thin strings -- 6.3 Relativistic thin strings, delocalization, and Casimir forces -- 6.4 Roughening and the restoration of spatial symmetries -- 7 Phase transitions in lattice-gauge theory at high temperatures -- 7.1 Finite-temperature transitions at strong coupling -- 7.2 Simulations at nonzero temperature -- 7.3 Pure gauge-field simulations at nonzero temperature -- 7.4 Restoration of chiral symmetry and high temperature -- 7.5 Hadronic screening lengths -- 7.6 Thermal dilepton rates and experimental signatures for the quark-gluon plasma -- 7.7 A tour of the three-flavor QCD phase diagram -- 8 Physics of QCD at high temperatures and chemical potentials -- 8.1 The thermodynamic background -- 8.1.1 Thermodynamic ensembles -- 8.1.2 The partition function and Lagrangian -- 8.1.3 Conserved charge and chemical potential -- 8.1.4 The grand canonical partition function and Lagrangian -- 8.1.5 Derivatives of the partition function -- 8.1.6 An example: fermions -- 8.1.7 An example: bosons -- 8.2 Hadron phenomenology and simple models of the transition to the quark-gluon plasma -- 8.3 A tour of the Tau-Mu phase diagram -- 8.3.1 Symmetry, order parameters, and phase transitions -- 8.3.2 Definitions -- 8.3.3 Zero temperature -- 8.3.4 Finite Tau and Mu -- 8.3.5 Universal properties of the tricritical point -- 8.3.6 Summary and remarks -- 8.4 The quark-gluon plasma and the energy scales of QCD -- 8.5 The extreme environment at a relativistic heavy-ion collider -- 9 Large chemical potentials and color superconductivity -- 9.1 Color superconductivity and color-flavor locking. , 9.2 Calculating the gap at asymptotically large Mu -- 9.2.1 The effective action for quarks near the Fermi surface -- 9.2.2 The strategy of the calculation and the meaning of the gap -- 9.2.3 The gap equation -- 9.3 Lowest excitations of the CFL phase -- 9.3.1 The effective Lagrangian for Goldstone modes -- 9.3.2 Decay constants of the Goldstone bosons -- 9.3.3 Meson masses -- 9.3.4 Continuity of quark and nuclear matter? -- 9.4 Comments and some further developments -- 10 Effective Lagrangians and models of QCD at nonzero chemical potential -- 10.1 QCD at finite Mu and the sign problem -- 10.2 The random-matrix model of QCD -- 10.2.1 A random-matrix-model description of the QCD phase diagram -- 10.2.2 Chiral-symmetry breaking, Lee-Yang zeros, and an electrostatic analogy -- 10.2.3 The quenched limit of QCD and the random-matrix model -- 10.3 Two-color QCD and effective Lagrangians -- 10.3.1 QCD inequalities and the nature of the ground state -- 10.3.2 Symmetries and Goldstone bosons in the diquark phase -- 10.3.3 Effective-Lagrangian construction -- 10.3.4 Vacuum alignment, diquark condensation, the phase diagram, and scaling laws -- 10.4 QCD at nonzero isospin chemical potential -- 10.4.1 Positivity and QCD inequalities -- 10.4.2 Small isospin densities: the pion condensate -- 10.4.3 Asymptotically high isospin densities: the quark-antiquark condensate -- 10.4.4 Quark-hadron continuity and confinement -- 10.5 Pion propagation near and below Tauc -- 10.5.1 Pion dispersion from static quantities (summary) -- 10.5.2 Derivation -- 10.5.3 Critical behavior -- 11 Lattice-gauge theory at nonzero chemical potential -- 11.1 Propagators and formulating the chemical potential on a Euclidean lattice -- 11.2 Naive fermions at finite density -- 11.3 The three-dimensional four-Fermi model at nonzero Tau and Mu. , 11.4 Four-flavor SU(2) lattice-gauge theory at nonzero Mu and Tau -- 11.5 High-density QCD and static quarks -- 11.6 The Glasgow algorithm -- 11.7 The Fodor-Katz method for high Tau, low Mu -- 11.8 QCD at complex chemical potential -- 12 Epilogue -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Resource Governance and Protracted Conflict in Nigeria's Niger Delta -- Series Page -- Resource Governance and Protracted Conflict in Nigeria's Niger Delta: Understanding the Perceptions and Grievances of the People in Oil-Bearing Communities -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Chapter 1 -- The People Arose -- How It All Started -- Definition of Terms -- Five Key Sets of Questions Have Guided This Study -- An Argument for the Resource Governance Tool -- A Brief Note on Method -- Chapter 2 -- Background and Historical Context of the Niger Delta Crises -- COLONIAL NIGERIA -- The Willink Commission of Inquiry into the Fears of Minorities -- The Niger Delta and Nigeria's Economy -- Creation of States -- Nigerian Civil War -- The Ogoni Bill of Rights and MOSOP -- The Execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and Eight Other Ogoni Activists -- The Kaiama Declaration -- Notes -- Chapter 3 -- Understanding the Nexus between Resource Governance, the State, and Protracted Conflict -- WHAT IS RESOURCE GOVERNANCE? -- Research Questions -- Operationalization of Key Concepts -- Chapter 4 -- Six Cardinal Pillars of Resource Governance -- Land Rights -- Revenue Sharing -- Oil Companies versus Oil-producing Communities Relations -- Environmental Pollution -- Absence of Social Amenities -- Nigeria's Political Structure -- Notes -- Chapter 5 -- In the Eyes of the People -- Data from Nigeria Watch and Other Conflict/Violence Databases -- Deepening My Enquiries -- Notes -- Chapter 6 -- The Heart of the Matter -- Identities and Agendas of Stakeholders and Networks in the Niger Delta Conflicts -- Perception of Relative Deprivation of Human Needs and the Persistence of Conflicts -- The Roles Nigeria's Political Structures Play in the Emergence, Sustenance, and Resurgence of Resource Conflicts. , The Ways Mobilization Methods of Conflict Actors Affect the Relationship between Transnational Oil Corporations and Oil-producing Communities -- Resource Governance and Its Impact on Protracted Conflicts in Nigeria's Niger Delta -- Notes -- Chapter 7 -- Lessons and Takeaways for Leaders and the Rest of Us -- DE-ESCALATION -- Looking Ahead -- Community -- Lack of Development/Relative Deprivation -- State/Political Structures -- International Oil Companies/Climate Change Linkages/Transnational /Indigenous Rights -- Policy Implications -- Limitations of the Study -- Notes -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author.

Note: Intro -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface -- Part I Introduction -- Hidden Markov Model Processing -- Models, Objectives, and Methods -- Book Outline -- Part II Discrete-Time HMM Estimation -- Discrete States and Discrete Observations -- Introduction -- Model -- Change of Measure -- Unnormalized Estimates and Bayes' Formula -- A General Unnormalized Recursive Filter -- States, Transitions, and Occupation Times -- Parameter Reestimation -- Recursive Parameter Estimation -- Quantized Observations -- The Dependent Case -- Problems and Notes -- Continuous-Range Observations -- Introduction -- State and Observation Processes -- Conditional Expectations -- Change of Measure -- Filter-Based State Estimation -- Smoother-Based State Estimation -- Vector Observations -- Recursive Parameter Estimation -- HMMs with Colored Noise -- Mixed-State HMM Estimation -- Problems and Notes -- Continuous-Range States and Observations -- Introduction -- Linear Dynamics and Parameters -- The ARMAX Model -- Nonlinear Dynamics -- Kalman Filter -- State and Mode Estimation for Discrete-Time Jump Markov Systems -- Example -- Problems and Notes -- A General Recursive Filter -- Introduction -- Signal and Observations -- Change of Measure -- Recursive Estimates -- Extended Kalman Filter -- Parameter Identification and Tracking -- Formulation in Terms of Transition Densities -- Dependent Case -- Recursive Prediction Error Estimation -- Problems and Notes -- Practical Recursive Filters -- Introduction -- Recursive Prediction Error HMM Algorithm -- Example: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation -- Example: Frequency Modulation -- Coupled-Conditional Filters -- Notes -- Part III Continuous-Time HMM Estimation -- Discrete-Range States and Observations -- Introduction -- Dynamics -- A General Finite-Dimensional Filter -- Parameter Estimation -- Problems and Notes. , Markov Chains in Brownian Motion -- Introduction -- The Model -- A General Finite-Dimensional Filter -- States, Transitions, and Occupation Times -- Parameter Estimation -- Finite-Dimensional Predictors -- A Non-Markov Finite-Dimensional Filter -- Problems and Notes -- Part IV Two-Dimensional HMM Estimation -- Hidden Markov Random Fields -- Discrete Signal and Observations -- HMRF Observed in Gaussian Noise -- Continuous-State HMRF -- Example: A Mixed HMRF -- Problems and Notes -- Part V HMM Optimal Control -- Discrete-Time HMM Control -- Control of Finite-State Processes -- More General Processes -- A Dependent Case -- Problems and Notes -- Risk-Sensitive Control of HMM -- Introduction -- The Risk-Sensitive Control Problem -- Connection with H H H H Control -- Connection with H2 H2 H2 H2 or Risk-Neutral Control -- A Finite-Dimensional Example -- Risk-Sensitive LQG Control -- Problems and Notes -- Continuous-Time HMM Control -- Introduction -- Robust Control of a Partially Observed Markov Chain -- The Dependent Case -- Hybrid Conditionally Linear Process -- Problems and Notes -- Basic Probability Concepts -- Continuous-Time Martingale Representation -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

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