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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing the surface of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota SR and R bacteria by aqueous biphasic partitioning in systems containing hydrophobic and charged polymers (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 2 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1977.tb00945.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrophobic surface properties of erythrocytes studied by affinity partition in aqueous two-phase systems (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 10 (1976), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Erythrocytes from various species have been partitioned in aqueous two-phase systems consisting of water, dextran, poly-(ethylene glycol), salt and buffer. The terminal hydroxyl groups of the latter polymer were esterified with palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, as well as with deoxycholic acid. In a two-phase system containing unesterified poly(ethylene glycol) the erythrocytes are exclusively in the dextran-rich lower phase. When the poly(ethylene glycol) is esterified the red blood cells collect at the interface and/or in the poly(ethylene glycol)-rich upper phase depending on the type and concentration of esterified acid. Palmitate ester is most effective in increasing the affinity of the cells for the upper phase, followed by oleate, linolate, linolenate, and deoxycholate esters. The partition behaviour of erythrocytes from various species differs considerably. Two groups can be distinguished: one consisting of erythrocytes from dog, guinea pig and rat, the other from human, sheep and rabbit. This division can be correlated to the content of sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl choline in the erythrocyte membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of erytroblasts with affinitymediated modifications of their electrical properties using counter-current distribution (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 121 (1993), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: erythroid differentiation ; cell fractionation ; affinity modification ; two-phase system ; counter-current distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously reported the possibility of modifying the electrical properties of cells by means of their interaction with a specific ligand carrying a polyelectrolyte (Anal Biochem 200: 280–285). This selective modification of receptorcontaining cells changed their partition in a charge-sensitive aqueous two-phase system. We here present the fractionation of electrically modified erythroblasts by the use of an automatic multiple-partition procedure, counter-current distribution. The cells were fractionated according to the degree of differentiation of erythroblasts as evaluated from the hemoglobin content as well as the relative activities of the two enzymes, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and bisphospho-glycerate mutase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928704
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of a crude synaptosomal preparation, studied by affinity partitioning using hexaethonium-poly(ethylene glycol) (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 87 (1989), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: affinity-partition ; hexaethonium ; counter-current distribution ; synaptosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The heterogeneity of a synaptosomal preparation was studied by the use of affinity partitioning in combination with centrifugal counter-current distribution. Hexaethonium-poly(ethyleneglycol) was used as the extracting agent. The fractions were analyzed for: light scattering, protein, choline acetyltransferase, L-glutamate decarboxylase, glutamine synthetase, 2′,3′-cyclicnucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase, acetylcholinesterase and succinate dehydrogenase. The material was fractionated into three main fractions which differed in their content of marker-enzymes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219258
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partition of proteins and micro-organisms in aqueous biphasic systems (1974)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 4 (1974), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ribonuclease has been partitioned in aqueous biphasic systems composed of water, dextran and poly-(ethylene glycol). The partition coefficient of the protein depends on the amount of phase-forming polymers, the kind of salt included in the system and the net charge of the protein. The data fit in with a previously presented model which is also reviewed. The partition coefficient can be split into two factors; one depending on the net charge of the protein and the other on its relative solvation by the two phases. The latter has been determined for a number of proteins by partitioning them in a biphasic system where the effect of net charge on partition can be neglected. The relative solubility of some of the proteins has a marked pH-dependency that can be related to changes in the protein structure. The use of aqueous biphasic systems for separation of proteins by liquid-liquid extraction is discussed. High separatory capacity is obtained when charged groups are covalently bound to the poly(ethylene glycol) which is enriched in the lighter phase. The partition in this kind of systems is strongly dependant on the net charge of the proteins. Protein separation is illustrated by a counter-current distribution of an extract from swine heart. The activity of aspartate transaminase present in the extract is split into several fractions. The partition of microorganisms can systematically be adjusted by varying the amount of charged groups on poly(ethylene glycol). The homogeneity of a cell population is correlated with the sensitivity of the partition to the changes in number of polymerbound charged groups. A sample of bakers' yeast which appears to be heterogeneous is shown by countercurrent distribution technique to consist of several strains. The effect of hydrophobic groups on one of the phase-forming polymers, the use of aqueous threephase systems as well as determination of proteinligand association constants are briefly commented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731478
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol) and monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Simple methods are described for the substitution of poly(ethylene glycol) and monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) substitution. Affinity ligands, coenzymes, or enzymes can be covalently attached to the substitution product or they can be used as liquid ionexchangers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation and studies of serum proteins with aid of aqueous two-phase systems containing dyes as affinity ligands (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 1 (1986), S. 64-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130010205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity liquid-liquid extraction of lactate dehydrogenase on a large scale (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 809-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rapid liquid-liquid extraction of lactate dehydrogenase from muscle by using a low-cost aqueous bipolymer two-phase system was achieved by using a centrifugal separator. Extraction of the target enzyme into the upper phase was enhanced by including the dye Procion yellow HE-3G (bound to polyethylene glycol). The dye acted as an affinity ligand for the enzyme. The isolation of the enzyme was carried out either by using a cell extract or by homogenizing the muscle directly in the system. The latter approach reduced the preparation time with a factor of 0.25. The two methods gave, respectively, 310 and 360 kU lactate dehydrogenase/kg muscle (measured at 22°C). By using a small centrifugal separator, Alfa Laval LAPX 202, 3-5 kg muscle could be processed/h in a 30-L, two-phase system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of cibacron blue F3G-A (polyethylene glycol) in large scale for use in affinity partitioning (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 621-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction parameters for preparation of Cibacron Blue F3G-A polyethylene glycol have been studied, including temperature, concentration of reactants, and addition of neutral salt (Na2SO4) as well as ethanol. The yield of dypolymer is strongly dependent on temperature and time of reaction. Preparation in large scale has been done under optimal conditions binding more than 30% of the dye to polyethylene glycol in a low-cost procedure. The effectiveness of this dye-polymer for use in liquid-liquid extraction of enzymes is demonstrated by partition of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase when an extract of baker's yeast is included in a dextran-polyethylene glycol-water two-phase system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of cellulase and β-glucosidase in a Trichoderma reesei culture liquid by use of two-phase partitioning (1998)
    Springer
    Bioseparation 7 (1998), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8272
    Keywords: aqueous two-phase systems ; β-glucosidase ; cellulases ; fractionation of enzymes ; partitioning of proteins ; Trichoderma reesei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An aqueous two-phase system based on the two polymers poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran has been used for the fractionation of cellulase enzymes present in culture liquid obtained by fermentation with Trichoderma reesei. The activities of β-glucosidase and glucanases were separated to high degree by using the two-phase systems for a counter-current distribution process in nine transfer steps. While the glucanases had high affinity to the poly(ethylene glycol) rich top phase the β-glucosidase was enriched in the dextran-containing bottom phase. Multiple counter-current distribution performed indicates the heterogeneity of β-glucosidase activities assuming at least four isoenzyme forms. One step concentration of β-glucosidase by using system with 46:1 phase volume ratio resulted in 16 times higher enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008153418019
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