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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Zoologica Scripta 14 (1985), S. 11-18 
    ISSN: 0300-3256
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 29 (1977), S. 404-413 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the ascophoran bryozoanCryptosula pallasiana (Moll) many examples of regenerative growth and of “abnormal” zooids have been observed. Most of the different forms of “monsters” are caused by fusion of zooids or zooid buds respectively. Zooids may often fuse laterally but in a few cases also distally. Some “monster zooids” have two polypides and “combined opercula” caused by various degrees of fusion of the apertures. Lack of sufficient space may lead to the formation of “dwarf zooids” or “remainder cystids”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 20 (1970), S. 278-292 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. An improved type of bubble-pump and an apparatus for producing continuous water currents, designed especially for utilization of planktonic food, are described. 2. The operation of the apparatus is easy; current speeds can be regulated from 0 to about 1/2 m/sec. 3. The apparatus can be used for experiments on small animals and plants, especially sessile and hemisessile forms. 4. BryozoansFarrella repens, Conopeum seurati, andC. reticulum, exposed to water currents at 15° C, exhibited no preferred growth direction relative to the current direction. 5. In fast currentsFarrella repens andElectra monostachys covered their substratum densely with zooids. 6. In slow currentsElectra monostachys andE. pilosa revealed positive rheotropic growth responses. 7. Slow water currents appear to stimulateElectra pilosa to form erect colony parts. 8. Water currents probably influence the development of ball-formed colonies inElectra pilosa formaerecta. The ball-form may be the result of an interaction between retarding effects of strong water currents at the periphery and stimulating effects of slow water currents in the interior parts of the ball.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Ein neuer, einfacher Apparat für Experimente mit Wasserströmungen wird beschrieben. Der Apparat wurde so konstruiert, daß die im Wasser suspendierten planktischen Futterorganismen bei der Erzeugung der Wasserströmung möglichst nicht geschädigt werden. Die Wasserströmung wird durch einen effektiven Typ einer Blasenpumpe erzeugt. Ihre Geschwindigkeit ist regulierbar und kann ein Maximum von ungefähr 1/2 m/sec erreichen. Der Apparat kann zu Experimenten mit kleinen Tieren und Pflanzen benutzt werden, insbesondere mit sessilen und hemisessilen Formen. Es werden einige Experimente mit Bryozoen in diesem Apparat beschrieben.Electra monostachys undE. pilosa zeigen eine positiv rheotropische Wuchsreaktion in niedriger Strömungsgeschwindigkeit.E. pilosa scheint durch Wasserströmung zur Bildung aufrechter Kolonienteile stimuliert zu werden. Die Möglichkeit des Einflusses von Wasserströmungen auf den Wuchs derforma-erecta-Bälle vonE. pilosa wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 31 (1975), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Resting buds have been found in colonies of the ctenostomatous bryozoans Arachnidium cf. hippothooides, Valkeria uva, and Bowerbankia imbricata in mesohaline and marine waters. The development of zooids from the resting buds has been observed in different species. In each species examined, the colour of the resting buds is the same as that of eggs and embryos, probably because of similar reserves. The colour of the reserves may change with the food consumed. Resting bud formation is mainly induced by nutritional insufficiencies. The facts at hand suggest that salinity or temperature variations (within biologically adequate ranges) exert no direct influence on the formation of resting buds. Problems concerning food selection and immigration of bryozoans from the sea into the brackish-limic regions are brieffly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 137 (1980), S. 297-303 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The protective polypide-withdrawal reflex ofBowerbankia imbricata (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata) was released by controlled oscillations of the medium (water). 2. The range of effective oscillation frequencies extends from 10 to 200 Hz. 3. The displacements at the threshold of the reflex are 120 μm (peak to peak) at 10 Hz, an average of 30 μm in the range 40–80 Hz, and 150 μm at 200 Hz. 4. The thresholds of oscillation velocity remain within the limits of 0.5 to 1.0 cm/s throughout the frequency range 10–110 Hz, which suggests that this parameter is involved in stimulus reception. 5. The “all-or-none reflex movement” of the animal was employed as an indicator of the position of a defined amount of displacement of the medium beneath a capillary surface wave; this result was compared with calculated values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 40 (1986), S. 441-447 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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