Note: Intro -- Preface: The Impact of STEM Research in a Knowledge-Based Society and the Need of Integrated Study of STEM and Other Disciplines -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Series Editors' Introduction -- Chapter 1 Educational Policy Across the World: How STEM Disciplines Deal with Twenty-First Century Learning Outcomes and Challenges -- Introduction -- Science and Technology Policies Around the World -- US STEM Education Policies -- Australian STEM Education Policies -- English STEM Education Policies -- Japanese STEM Education Policies -- Twenty-First Century Learning Outcomes and STEM Education -- Stanford University Bing Overseas Studies Program (BOSP) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 STEM and the History of the University Ranking Movement: Contextualizing Trends in Methodologies and Criteria -- Men of Science and Their Universities -- Graduate School Rankings -- The Ranking Explosion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 STEM and Underrepresented Populations: What's at Stake -- Women and STEM -- Racial and Ethnic Minorities and STEM -- The Economically Disadvantaged and STEM -- Working Toward the "Best-Case" Scenario -- References -- Chapter 4 Exploring the Relationship Between STEM Research and World Higher Education Rankings: The Case of Taiwan -- Introduction -- University Types and Students in Taiwan: Statistical Trends of the Technology Field and Other Fields -- Top Four Universities' Rankings and Annual Research Funds of Research Divisions in MOST of Taiwan -- Comparison of Ranking Indicators of Three World Higher Education Rankings -- Comparison of Research Publication Outcomes of STEM and Non-STEM Fields in Taiwan, China, Japan, and the USA -- Programs and Strategies for Linking STEM with Other Disciplines in Higher Education in Taiwan -- Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 5 Finding the Humanities in STEM: Anthropological Reflections from Working at the Intersection -- An Ethnographic Opening -- Looking Back to Cybernetics -- An Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Ecology -- The Ecology of the Contemporary Moment -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Developing Global Competencies Through Interdisciplinary Studies: Why Collaboration Is Important Between STEM and Non-STEM Students -- Introduction -- Globalization and STEM Demand -- STEAM: The Rise of a Symbiotic Relationship -- The University of Tsukuba, Empowerment Informatics Program -- Global Competency and the EMP Program -- Student Engagement -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Not Just a Technical Problem: The Intersections of STEM and Social Science in Addressing Global Poverty -- Introduction -- Between Disciplines -- Disciplines and Development -- Methods -- Data Collection -- Analysis and Trustworthiness -- Findings -- Social Problems and Academic Solutions -- Poly-Epistemological -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Developing the Humanities Competencies of STEM Undergraduate Students: New Challenges for Korean Higher Education -- Introduction -- Key Features of Korean STEM Higher Education: Expansion and Transformation -- What Does It Mean to Have a Good Grounding in the Humanities? -- Research Method -- Data Collection and Sample -- Measurement -- Analyses -- Findings -- Current Humanities-Competency Levels of STEM Students -- Change of Humanities Competencies by Year -- Factors Associated with Humanities Competencies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Cultivating Students' Diverse Abilities Through Arts Education: Emergence of the STEAM Perspective -- Introduction -- From STEM to STEAM: Why the "Arts" Is Necessary -- STEAM Research in China -- General Goal of Arts Education Since 2000 -- Current Changes of Visual Art -- Conclusion. , References -- Chapter 10 STEM Education in a Changing Society: Japanese Experience and Urgent Problems to Be Solved -- Historical Perspective 1: Professional School Origin -- Historical Perspective 2: The German University Origin -- Language for STEM -- Status Quo and Comparison to the American System -- What Should Be Done? -- References -- Chapter 11 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Evolution of the Telescope -- 2.1 Some History -- 2.1.1 Early Optical Telescope Efforts -- 2.1.2 Emergence of Electromagnetic (Radio) Waves -- 2.2 General Characteristics of Optical and Radio Telescopes -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 Types of Telescope Mount and Optics -- 2.2.3 Alternative Geometrical Configurations -- 2.3 Technological Challenges for Radio Telescopes -- 2.4 Basic Specifications of a Reflector Radio Telescope -- 2.4.1 Reflector Precision -- 2.4.2 Pointing Precision -- 2.5 Summary -- Addendum: Geometry of Optical Configuration -- References -- Chapter 3: Birth of Radio Astronomy -- 3.1 Early History of Radio Telescopes -- 3.1.1 Jansky´s Bruce Antenna -- 3.1.2 Reber´s Transit Paraboloidal Reflector -- 3.1.3 Würzburg Riese Radar Antenna -- 3.2 The First Large Radio Telescopes -- 3.2.1 Dwingeloo (NL) and Stockert (BRD) Telescopes -- 3.2.1.1 Dwingeloo -- 3.2.1.2 Stockert -- 3.2.2 A Comment on Accessibility of the Focal Point -- 3.2.3 Jodrell Bank (UK): Lovell Telescope (76 m) -- 3.2.4 Parkes (Australia) 64 m Telescope -- 3.2.5 NRAO (USA): 140-ft and 300-ft Telescopes -- 3.2.5.1 NRAO 140-ft Equatorial Telescope: An Expensive and Slow Project -- 3.2.5.2 NRAO 300-ft Transit Telescope: A Cheap and Quick Deal -- 3.2.6 The 120-ft Haystack Antenna of MIT Lincoln Laboratory -- 3.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Structural Design of Reflector Antennas: Homology -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Design of Homologous Structures -- 4.3 The Design of a 65-m Homologous mm Telescope -- 4.4 The Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope -- 4.4.1 The German Proposal for a Giant Radio Telescope -- 4.4.2 A Comment on the Homologous Behaviour of a Structure -- 4.4.3 The Industrial Design Proposals -- 4.4.4 The Final Design and Realisation -- 4.5 Backup Structure and Deformation Patterns. , 4.5.1 The Design Approach of the Effelsberg Backup Structure -- 4.5.2 Interpretation of the Load Cases of the Effelsberg Reflector -- 4.5.2.1 Zenith Position -- 4.5.2.2 Horizon Position -- 4.5.3 Load Case Superposition -- 4.5.4 The Deformation Behaviour of the Effelsberg Reflector -- 4.5.5 Performance Limits of the Effelsberg Reflector Principle -- 4.6 Four-Point Reflector Support -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 The Westerbork Array of 25-m Antennas -- 4.6.3 The MERLIN Antenna with a Perfect Four-Point Support -- 4.6.4 The Joined Four-Point Support of the IGN 40-m Telescope -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Emergence of Millimetre-Wavelength Telescopes -- 5.1 Into mm Wavelengths -- 5.2 The NRAO 36-ft Antenna -- 5.3 The IRAM 30-m Telescope (MRT) -- 5.3.1 Introduction: Performance Specification -- 5.3.2 The Design Selection -- 5.3.3 The Structural Concept of the MRT -- 5.3.4 The Deformation Behaviour of the MRT -- 5.3.4.1 Load Case in Zenith Position -- 5.3.4.2 Load Case in Horizon Position -- 5.3.4.3 The Deformation Behaviour of the Final Improved Design -- 5.3.5 Overall Surface Error of the Actual Telescope -- 5.3.6 Thermal Effects and Their Control -- 5.3.7 Conclusion -- 5.4 The Large Millimeter Telescope -- 5.4.1 Conceptual Design Phase -- 5.4.2 Towards a Final LMT Design -- 5.4.3 The Final Design of the LMT/GTM -- 5.4.4 Short Review of Surface Panel Technology -- 5.4.5 The Isostatic Reflector Segments of the LMT -- 5.4.6 Flexible Body Control (FBC) -- 5.4.7 Concluding Remark on the LMT/GTM -- 5.5 The Nobeyama 45-m Millimeter Telescope -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Addendum: Thermal Effects and Their Control -- References -- Chapter 6: Submillimetre-Wavelength Telescopes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Leighton Dish and CSO Telescope -- 6.3 CFRP Telescopes: IRAM 15-m and HHT -- 6.3.1 The IRAM Interferometer Antennas. , 6.3.2 The Heinrich Hertz (Submillimeter) Telescope (HHT) -- 6.4 Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Antennas -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Test Program and Performance of the ALMA Prototype Antennas -- 6.4.3 Remark on the Circular BUS/ELC Interface Concept -- 6.4.4 Comparison of the Designs from AEM/EIE and Vertex -- 6.4.4.1 Comparison of Structural Design -- 6.4.4.2 Weight -- 6.4.4.3 Deformation Behaviour -- 6.4.4.4 Interpretation of the Astigmatism from Basic Structural Mechanics -- 6.4.4.5 Comparison of the Bearing and Drive Systems -- 6.4.4.6 Dynamic Behaviour, Structural Resonance Frequencies -- 6.4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Alternative Reflector Geometries -- 7.1 Telescopes with Fixed Main Reflectors -- 7.2 The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in India -- 7.3 Large Horn Antennas -- 7.4 Offset Reflector Antennas -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Allen Telescope Array (ATA) -- 7.4.3 MeerKAT and Square Kilometre Array (SKA) -- 7.4.4 Green Bank Telescope (GBT) -- Addendum: Remarks on Wheel-On-Track Systems -- References -- Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Aspects of the Reflector Antenna -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Radiation Pattern of a Circular Aperture -- 8.3 Major Parameters of the Reflector Antenna -- 8.4 Influence of Imperfections on Performance -- 8.4.1 Illumination, Spillover and Polarisation Efficiency -- 8.4.2 Radiation Efficiency -- 8.4.3 Small-Scale Surface Error (Scattering) Efficiency -- 8.4.4 Large-Scale Deformation: Representation by Zernike Polynomials -- 8.4.5 Blocking Efficiency -- 8.4.6 Lateral and Axial Defocus: Gain Loss -- 8.4.7 Beam Deviation Factor (BDF) -- 8.4.8 Conclusion -- 8.5 Measuring Antenna Parameters with Cosmic Sources -- 8.5.1 Antenna Gain and Beam Pattern -- 8.5.2 Antenna Pointing -- 8.6 Radio Holographic Measurement of Reflector Profile -- 8.7 Progress in Electromagnetic Design. , 8.7.1 Historical Introduction -- 8.7.2 Radio Astronomy and Communication Approaches Differ -- 8.7.3 Exploiting the Focal Plane -- 8.7.3.1 Multi-feed System with Independent Pixels -- 8.7.3.2 Phased-Array Feeds (PAF) -- 8.8 Conclusion -- Addendum: Aberrations and Zernike Polynomials -- References -- Chapter 9: Concluding Review and a Dialogue on Management Aspects -- 9.1 Concluding Review -- 9.2 A Dialogue on Management Aspects -- 9.2.1 Customer and Contractor -- 9.2.2 Project Management and System Engineering -- 9.2.3 Technological Aspects -- 9.2.4 Industrialisation Aspects, Costs -- 9.2.5 Manufacturing in Foreign Countries -- 9.2.6 Product Delivery, Commissioning -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Name Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Symbols -- Subscripts -- Superscripts -- 1 Importance and Uses of Cryogenic Fluid Properties -- 1.1 Thermodynamic Property Information -- 1.2 Thermodynamic Property Formulations -- 1.3 Special Considerations for Modeling Cryogenic Fluids -- 1.4 Computer Programs for Thermodynamic Property Calculation -- References -- 2 Equation of State Development and Use -- 2.1 Fundamental Equations of State -- 2.2 Development of Thermodynamic Property Formulations -- 2.2.1 Thermodynamic Property Data Correlation -- 2.2.2 Least-Squares Regression -- 2.2.3 Non-linear Least-Squares Regression -- 2.2.4 Criteria for Equations of State -- 2.2.5 Critical Region Behavior -- 2.3 Use of Fundamental Equations of State for Cryogenic Fluids -- 2.4 Ancillary Functions -- References -- 3 Helium -- 3.1 Formulation for Helium -- 3.2 Property Plots for Helium -- 3.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Helium -- References -- 4 Hydrogen -- 4.1 Formulation for Parahydrogen -- 4.2 Property Plots for Parahydrogen -- 4.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Parahydrogen -- 4.4 Formulation for Normal Hydrogen -- 4.5 Property Plots for Normal Hydrogen -- 4.6 Thermodynamic Property Tables for Normal Hydrogen -- 4.7 Formulation for Orthohydrogen -- References -- 5 Deuterium -- 5.1 Formulation for Deuterium -- 5.2 Property Plots for Deuterium -- 5.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Deuterium -- References -- 6 Neon -- 6.1 Formulation for Neon -- 6.2 Property Plots for Neon -- 6.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Neon -- Reference -- 7 Nitrogen -- 7.1 Formulation for Nitrogen -- 7.2 Property Plots for Nitrogen -- 7.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Nitrogen -- Reference -- 8 Air -- 8.1 Formulation for Air -- 8.2 Property Plots for Air -- 8.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Air -- Reference. , 9 Carbon Monoxide -- 9.1 Formulation for Carbon Monoxide -- 9.2 Property Plots for Carbon Monoxide -- 9.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Carbon Monoxide -- Reference -- 10 Fluorine -- 10.1 Formulation for Fluorine -- 10.2 Property Plots for Fluorine -- 10.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Fluorine -- Reference -- 11 Argon -- 11.1 Formulation for Argon -- 11.2 Property Plots for Argon -- 11.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Argon -- Reference -- 12 Oxygen -- 12.1 Formulation for Oxygen -- 12.2 Property Plots for Oxygen -- 12.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Oxygen -- Reference -- 13 Methane -- 13.1 Formulation for Methane -- 13.2 Property Plots for Methane -- 13.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Methane -- Reference -- 14 Krypton -- 14.1 Formulation for Krypton -- 14.2 Property Plots for Krypton -- 14.3 Thermodynamic Data Tables for Krypton -- Reference -- Index.