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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering and microscopic investigations of mesophase transition of cholesteryl myristate. I. Morphology of the cholesteric phase (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 77 (1973), S. 399-408 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100622a019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering and microscopic investigations of mesophase transitions of cholesteryl myristate. II. Kinetics of spherulite formation (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 77 (1973), S. 409-413 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100622a020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of high nitrile barrier polymers (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1152-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of absorbed moisture on degradation behavior of high nitrile barrier polymers were monitored using thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Non-modified and 10 percent rubber modified samples were heated isothermally at nitrile processing temperatures (200°C to 240°C) in air and nitrogen environments. Degradation was evaluated in terms of weight loss as a function of heating time and sample coloration. It was determined that complete removal of moisture, as well as high moisture concentration, contribute to increased degradation at the temperatures evaluated. Moisture levels in the range of 0.15 to 0.5 percent were found to minimize degradation. Heating environment, time, temperature, and rubber modification were also found to influence thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281803
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties and morphology of oriented ternary blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate), high density polyethylene, and compatibilizing agent (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 827-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oriented blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) with and without compatibilizing agent have been studied with regard to orientation temperature, stretch rate, extension ratio, mode of orientation, and blend composition. These oriented blends have been characterized using infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The tensile and tensile impact properties were also investigated. The results show that blends with compatibilizer show strain hardening upon orientation, whereas the blend without compatibilizer does not strain harden upon orientation. The blends with less PET content have been difficult to orient. The morphology of these blends show fibril structure, highly oriented in the direction of stretch. Infrared measurements show that PET within the blend has undergone strain induced crystallization upon orientation. It has also been observed that the mechanical properties, such as the modulus and ultimate stress, show improvement upon orientation. Simultaneously stretched blends show better physical properties than sequentially oriented blends.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental aging and stress-cracking of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 146-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The environmental stress-cracking behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, has been studied by exposing PET sheet samples to a stress-cracking liquid, at constant stress, for various periods of time. Samples evaluated are of equivalent molecular weights but vary in copolymer concentrations. The characterization of exposed samples includes examination of craze formation and density changes, measurement of tensile mechanical properties, and evaluation of changes in their enthalpies of relaxation by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC. Data analysis includes the correlation between the number of crazes formed as a function of exposure time and the nature of tensile failure. The relationship between measured enthalpy of relaxation and brittle vs. ductile failure is also established. Among the conclusions to be discussed are: (1) Samples with large numbers of crazes do not necessarily exhibit brittle failure during tensile evaluation; and (2) Brittle failure may be associated with crazing, but it must be caused by other factors.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation of precrystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1071-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The orientation characteristics of crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, were studied as a function of degree of crystallinity, orientation temperature, and stretch ratio. Oriented samples were analyzed with respect to mechanical, shrinkage, and barrier properties. The results show that (a) significant impact property improvement can be achieved by orienting crystallized PET, (b) the modulus, ultimate strength, and yield stress increase with orientation of precrystallized PET, (c) the initial degree of crystallinity can affect the strain-hardening properties of PET, and (d) the total amounts of shrinkage and shrinkage stress of stretched PET increase with increasing amounts of crystallinity before orientation.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyolefin properties for rigid food packaging (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1156-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyolefins are used in many rigid plastic packages that are developed for food applications. Generally, the polyolefins used are selected for a balance of cost, ease of molding, and performance properties in a finished package. In this paper some of the physical and sorption properties of polyolefins that are critical to rigid plastic packages are discussed. Initially, a brief review of the performance requirements of plastic food packages will be presented. This is followed by discussions of specific properties of polyolefins such as impact resistance, adhesion and thermal resistance, and how they may be enhanced by coextrusion. Additionally, the sorption of food components such as flavors into polyolefin walls of packages is discussed. Here, the applicable theoretical considerations for sorption and their value for analyzing experimental data are presented. Finally, specific sorption properties of d-limonene in ethylene-propylene copolymers and their effects on package performance and design are reported and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281804
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied by the methods of small angle light scattering, depolarized light intensity and density measurements. Spherulite growth rates and the overall rates of crystallization were determined at various temperatures. A detailed analysis of the crystallization course has been made with special emphasis on the early stages of crystallization. The results indicate that a significant amount of crystallization takes place in the extraspherulitie material during isothermal crystallization.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291808
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diethylene glycol (DEG) on the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1749-1763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of diethylene glycol (DEG) on the crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied under isothermal and dynamic conditions. The strain-induced crystallization of PET and its relationship to DEG content was also studied. The samples were isothermally and dynamically crystallized in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The thermograms were then analyzed to determine the kinetic parameters. Strain-induced crystallization was studied by stretching samples at different strain rates. These samples were then annealed for various periods of time and quenched to room temperature. Birefringence and density were measured on the annealed samples. Results indicate that the DEG content reduces the rate of crystallization of PET when crystallizing from the melt, isothermally and dynamically. When crystallizing from the glassy state, the effects of DEG are not prominent. The mechanism of crystallization is not affected by the amount of DEG, within the range of DEG contents evaluated. In the case of strain-induced crystallization, increased DEG content reduces the crystallinity of PET at intermediate strain rates, but at higher strain rates, the crystallinity is not affected by the DEG content. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070471005
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermai treatment of cold-formed poly(vinyl chloride)Presented in part at the American Physical Siciety Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, April, 1976. (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 686-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cold-drawing poly(vinyl chloride) at 24°C increased the yield strength by 25 percent, modulus by 50 percent, and the ultimate strength by 100 percent. The onset of thermal shrinkage was reduced from 80°C (Tg) to 45°C. This thermal instability can be a significant disadvantage of cold-forming for many applications. It is shown in this study that subsequent thermal treatment at 70°C (T 〈 Tg) re-establishes a shrinkage onset temperature of 80°C without reducing property levels. The structural changes associated with both orientation and thermal treatment were investigated using DSC, X-ray diffraction and birefringence. Cold-drawing produces molecular alignment as measured by birefringence and X-ray. Thermal treatment of unstretched samples, as well as stretched samples under constraint and stretched samples unconstrained, always leads to a small reduction in free volume as revealed by a measured increase in enthalpy at Tg. However, this free volume change, produces a thermally-stable oriented structure only when the samples are treated under constraint. Thermal treatment does not stabilize unconstrained samples. Rather it causes almost complete molecular relaxation and a reduction of physical property levels.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170906
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