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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3767-3772 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A personal computer based hardware has been developed for the real time, rapid digitization of echo amplitudes and times-of-flight of ultrasonic pulses produced by existing analog ultrasonic borehole imaging systems. Both amplitude and travel-time B-scan images are mapped circumferentially around the wellbore wall with reference to magnetic north. 12-bit analog to digital conversion of pulse amplitudes provides a resolution of approximately 1 mV out of a peak amplitude voltage of 1 V; travel times are determined to within 100 ns to a maximum time of 512 μs after which it is assumed that no signal will be detected. This information provides high-resolution digital images of the borehole wall and cross section which are useful for delineation of open fractures, discrimination of complex cross sections, and calculation of wellbore volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 36 (1991), S. 266-275 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cancer de la thyroïde est un effet tardif bien connu de l'exposition aux radiations ionisantes. L'excès de risque commence 5 à 10 ans après l'exposition et dure au moins 40 ans après l'exposition. Les femmes sont trois fois plus sensibles que les hommes au cancer de la thyroïde provoqué par la radiation, mais aussi aux cancers thyroïdiens d'autres origines; c'est pourquoi les risques relatifs des cancers thyroïdiens radiogéniques ne diffèrent pas selon le sexe. L'excès de risque est plus grand chez les enfants exposés avant l'âge de 5 ans. Le risque d'un cancer radiogénique suite à l'exposition au iode 131 est plus faible que le risque associé à une irradiation externe à haute dose. Une étude suédoise a montré que le pouvoir cancérigène du iode 131 était d'environ un quart par rapport aux rayons X externes. Dans cette étude, cependant, 95% des individus exposés étaient âgés de plus de 20 ans (âge moyen 45 ans).
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Dass ionisierende Strahlung als Spätfolge Schilddrüsenkrebs induzieren kann, ist epidemiologisch wohl belegt. Das Risiko steigt 5–10 Jahre nach der Strahlenexposition an und bleibt mindestens 40 Jahre nach der Exposition erhöht. Das absolute Risiko ist für Frauen etwa dreimal so hoch als beim Mann. Dies gilt sowohl für die strahleninduzierten als auch die übrigen Schilddrüsenkrebse, so dass das relative Krebsrisiko durch Strahlung bei beiden Geschlechtern etwa gleich hoch ausfällt. Das strahlenbedingte Zusatzrisiko ist höher, wenn die Bestrahlung vor dem fünften Lebensjahr erfolgt ist.131I scheint ein deutlich geringeres Krebsrisiko mit sich zu bringen als externe Strahlenbelastung mit hohen Dosisraten; in der schwedischen Studie an Patienten, bei denen131I zur Schilddrüsendiagnostik gegeben worden war, fiel die strahlenassoziierte Krebserhöhung etwa viermal schwächer aus als nach entsprechenden Dosen externer Röntgenbestrahlung (wobei allerdings—bei einem Durchschnittsalter von 45—nur 5% der diagnostisch Exponierten jünger als 20 Jahre alt waren).
    Notes: Summary Thyroid cancer is a well documented late effect of exposure to ionizing radiation. The excess risk begins 5–10 years after exposure and continues until at least 40 years after exposure. Females are roughly three times more susceptible to both radiogenic thyroid cancer and to thyroid cancer of other origins than are males. Therefore, relative risk estimates for radiogenic thyroid cancer do not necessarily differ by sex. The excess risk is higher among children exposed prior to five years of age than in those exposed later. The risk for radiogenic cancer following exposure to131I appears to be lower than that following exposure to high doserate external irradiation, and in the Swedish diagnostic study131I was nearly one fourth as effecient as external X-rays in inducing thyroid cancer. The Swedish data suggest that131I is substantially less efficient in inducing thyroid cancer than high doserate exposures. In that study, however, 95% of the exposed individuals were 20 years or older (mean age 45 years).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 16 (1990), S. 103-109 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; dietary intervention ; fat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the feasibility of using a low-fat diet (i.e. 20–25% of energy (E%) as fat) as a component of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients, 240 females aged 50–65 years and operated for a stage I-II breast cancer were entered into a randomized study. The intervention group (n = 121) was to reduce dietary fat intake to 20–25 E% and to increase the intake of carbohydrates. Dietary counselling complemented other adjuvant treatments and the patients were followed for two years. No dietary advice was given to patients in the control group (n = 119). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of base-line nutrient intake except for higher energy intake in the control group (p 〈 0.05). Only 52% of the patients in the intervention group followed through with the dietary regimen for two years, and 89% of the patients in the control group had a two-year follow-up. Energy intake decreased in both groups after two years, and the difference between the two groups remained (p 〈 0.01). Total fat intake decreased from 36.2 E% to 22.2 E% after one year in the intervention group and remained at that level after two years. Total fat intake in the control group decreased by 3.6 E% after two years. The low compliance raises concern about the protocol design. The study nevertheless indicates that a long-term reduction of dietary fat intake can be implemented in breast cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 238 (1983), S. 53-62 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Pituitary tumors ; Infiltrative growth ; Case reports ; Morphology ; DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases with extrasellar extension from our material of 132 pituitary tumors are reported. One tumor secreted growth hormone, one secreted prolactin, and one secreted adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). All three patients had a short case history. The tumors recurred rapidly after surgery. Light microscopy showed pleomorphic cells but no signs of morphologic malignancy. Ultrastructural analysis revealed intracellular filamentlike inclusions, with a cross-banded substructure in two cases. The DNA analysis of two of the cases showed aneuploidy. Our three cases of pituitary tumors are likely to represent a particularly aggressive type of tumor growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Description: ABSTRACT The trend towards using flow-dependent, ensemble-based estimates of background error covariances has been one of the main themes of atmospheric data assimilation research and development in recent years. In this work it is documented how flow-dependent ensemble information from the ECMWF EDA has gradually been incorporated into the B model which describes the background error covariance matrix at the start of the ECMWF 4D-Var assimilation window. Starting with background error variances for the balanced part of the control vector and observation quality control (Bonavita et al., 2012) the current paper extends the flow-dependency to background error variances for the unbalanced part of the control vector and for background error correlation structures. The correlations are determined either online from previous days or from a hybrid of climatological and current cycle estimates. Each of these changes is shown to improve both the realism of the modelled B and the accuracy of the analysis and forecast fields produced by the 4D-Var assimilation cycle which makes use of the improved B . Finally, increasing the resolution at which the EDA 4D-Vars are run is shown to reduce the underestimation of the EDA-based error estimates.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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