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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 7 (1959), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The elastic impulse-from an explosion is propagated through the earth as an expanding shell bounded by the wavefront. This wavefront and its motion are a physical reality while rays or trajectories are much less sharply defined and cannot actually be observed because the wavelengths involved in seismic processes are too long. This means that the visualization and the interpretation of seismic processes can be carried out in a more satisfactory, simple and comprehensible way with wavefronts than with rays.H. R. Thornburgh (1930) introduced the very lucid and simple method of interpreting seismic refraction sections, using Huygen's principle to construct wavefronts from two symmetrical shotpoints by working back from their observed arrival times at the surface. The depths are found first with only a knowledge of the velocities down to the refractor and after that the velocities in the refractor can be determined.The pattern of the two wavefronts at equal time intervals, obtained when carrying out Thornburgh's construction, leads to the very simple, approximative “Plus-Minus” method. The additions of the travel times from two symmetrical shotpoints to-each geophone give the relative depths and their subtractions give the velocities of the refractor. The method extrapolates exact quantities from the refractor boundary up to the surface by the “Plus”- and “Minus” lines. This extrapolation introduces errors that can, more or less, be corrected for. A number of hypothetical cases are presented to give an insight into the applicability and reliability of the “Plus-Minus” method. Its main applications are for fairly shallow refraction investigations and for determining weathering corrections for refraction and reflection work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 2 (1954), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A process is described whereby the interpretation of seismic reflection data is carried out by a preliminary two-dimensional plotting procedure followed by a three-dimensional migration. The concept of a surface of maximum convexity is introduced as an integral part of the process of migration. The procedures for deriving the necessary charts of curves are considered and a number of serviceable charts presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 10 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The results obtained from a series of geophones extending vertically from the surface down to a particularly strong reflector 450 m deep have provided an insight into the properties of the various types of wave generated by an explosion in the ground and have shown how these waves are converted into other types near the surface and at a reflector. The direct shear pulse generated by an explosion was observed to be quite simple and to penetrate to the deepest geophone even from large horizontal distances, but to be much more attenuated and broadened on its way through the earth than the compressional pulse. This shear pulse was found to be the cause of the ground-roll commonly observed at the surface. A clear PS reflection, of the same magnitude as the PP reflection, was observed from the reflector 450 m deep. This shear event starts out from the reflector as a short and simple pulse, but does not persist as such on its way to the surface. It loses its sharpness well before reaching the base of the weathered layer, whereas the reflected compressional pulse is hardly affected at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 2 (1954), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The results obtained from a number of seismic velocity well-logging surveys and adjacent refraction sections are compared. The velocities derived by these two methods for a certain layer are found to differ appreciably. This is shown by presenting the time-depth relations of the well-surveys and the time-d stance relations of the refraction sections at three locations, plotted on graphs with sloping depth- and distance axes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 3 (1955), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Velocity functions can be grouped into families, any One of which results, in seismic pictures differing among themselves only in their scales of time and distance but similar in all other respects. For any one of these families it follows that curves drawn on logarithmic scales of time and distance to represent a particular relationship between seismic quantities will be similar in shape. This leads to the use of templates with logarithmic scales for fitting a smooth velocity function to a set of seismic data. Suitable templates for fitting refraction and reflection data to velocity distributions linear with either depth or vertical time are presented. An insight into the uncertainties involved is obtained with the aid of numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    World Development 22 (1994), S. 771-780 
    ISSN: 0305-750X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Research Policy 21 (1992), S. 163-190 
    ISSN: 0048-7333
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Sand rat ; hypothalamic lesion ; high fat diet ; glucose tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Neuf rats des sables soumis à un régime très riche en graisses ont pris du poids, montré une hyperinsulinémie endogéne et une résistance à l'insuline exogène sans autre modification de la tolérance au glucose — Quelques animaux soumis aux deux régimes ont montré une hyperinsulinémie quatre heures après l'absorption de glucose, dont la signification pourrait être un stress des îlots dû à l'intermittence des prises alimentaires — Cinq animaux ont survécu après lésion — Les résultats confirment les précédents: les lésions de la partie postérieure de l'éminence médiane du périventricularis sont liées à une amélioration de la tolérance au glucose, ainsi, comme le montre cette étude, qu' à une augmentation de la sensibilité à l' insuline exogène. Une hypothèse sur les mécanismes de ces effets sur le métablisme des carbohydrates est proposée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Neun Sandratten nahmen unter einer sehr fettreichen Diät an Gewicht zu, entwickelten eine endogene Hyperinsulinämie und eine Resistenz gegenüber exogen zugeführtem Insulin, ohne daß es zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Glucosetoleranz kam. Die Hyperinsulinämie, wie sie 4 Std nach Glucosegaben bei einem Teil der Tiere unter beiden Diäten festgestellt wurde, könnte Ausdruck einer chronischen Belastung der Inseln bei diesen Tieren mit verteilter Nahrungsaufnahme sein. Fünf Tiere überlebten das Setzen der Läsionen. Die Ergebnisse stimmten mit früher erhobenen Befunden überein, daß Läsionen im Bereich der eminentia mediana posterior des periventrikulären Systems die Glucosetoleranz verbessern, wobei sie in der vorliegenden Untersuchung die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber exogen zugeführtem Insulin verstärkten. Für den Mechanismus dieser Effekte auf den KH'Stoffwechsel wird eine Erklärungsmöglichkeit vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary Nine sand rats maintained on a high fat diet gained weight, developed endogenous hyperinsulinaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin without further deterioration in glucose tolerance. A four hour post glucose hyperinsulinaemia, noted in some animals on both diets, may represent a chronic stress to the islets in these intermittent feeders. Five animals survived post lesion. Results were consistent with previous findings that lesions in the posterior median eminence portion of the periventricular arcuate system were associated with an improved glucose tolerance, and also in the present study, an increased sensitivity to exogenous insulin. A possible explanation for the mechanism of these effects on carbohydrate metabolism is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including: (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties; (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections; (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlights the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large (〉 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see a substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, timescale and emissions scenario.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-07-24
    Description: TOPO-EUROPE addresses the 4-D topographic evolution of the orogens and intra-plate regions of Europe through a multidisciplinary approach linking geology, geophysics, geodesy and geotechnology. TOPO-EUROPE integrates monitoring, imaging, reconstruction and modelling of the interplay between processes controlling continental topography and related natural hazards. Until now, research on neotectonics and related topography development of orogens and intra-plate regions has received little attention. TOPO-EUROPE initiates a number of novel studies on the quantification of rates of vertical motions, related tectonically controlled river evolution and land subsidence in carefully selected natural laboratories in Europe. From orogen through platform to continental margin, these natural laboratories include the Alps/Carpathians–Pannonian Basin System, the West and Central European Platform, the Apennines–Aegean–Anatolian region, the Iberian Peninsula, the Scandinavian Continental Margin, the East-European Platform, and the Caucasus–Levant area. TOPO-EUROPE integrates European research facilities and know-how essential to advance the understanding of the role of topography in Environmental Earth System Dynamics. The principal objective of the network is twofold. Namely, to integrate national research programs into a common European network and, furthermore, to integrate activities among TOPO-EUROPE institutes and participants. Key objectives are to provide an interdisciplinary forum to share knowledge and information in the field of the neotectonic and topographic evolution of Europe, to promote and encourage multidisciplinary research on a truly European scale, to increase mobility of scientists and to train young scientists. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of continental topography research, and of the challenges to TOPO-EUROPE researchers in the targeted natural laboratories
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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