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  • 1
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    Near Real-Time Monitoring of the Christmas 2018 Etna Eruption Using SEVIRI and Products Validation (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: On the morning of 24 December 2018, an eruptive event occurred at Etna, which was followed the next day by a strong sequence of shallow earthquakes. The eruptive episode lasted until 30 December, ranging from moderate strombolian to lava fountain activity coupled with vigorous ash/gas emissions and a lava flow e usion toward the eastern volcano flank of Valle del Bove. In this work, the data collected from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instruments on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite are used to characterize the Etna activity by estimating the proximal and distal eruption parameters in near real time. The inversion of data indicates the onset of eruption on 24 December at 11:15 UTC, a maximum Time Average Discharge Rate (TADR) of 8.3 m3/s, a cumulative lava volume emitted of 0.5 Mm3, and a Volcanic Plume Top Height (VPTH) that reached a maximum altitude of 8 km above sea level (asl). The volcanic cloud ash and SO2 result totally collocated, with an ash amount generally lower than SO2 except on 24 December during the climax phase. A total amount of about 100 and 35 kt of SO2 and ash respectively was emitted during the entire eruptive period, while the SO2 fluxes reached peaks of more than 600 kg/s, with a mean value of about 185 kg/s. The SEVIRI VPTH, ash/SO2 masses, and flux time series have been compared with the results obtained from the ground-based visible (VIS) cameras and FLux Automatic MEasurements (FLAME) networks, and the satellite images collected by the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the Terra and Aqua- polar satellites. The analysis indicates good agreement between SEVIRI, VIS camera, and MODIS retrievals with VPTH, ash, and SO2 estimations all within measurement errors. The SEVIRI and FLAME SO2 flux retrievals show significant discrepancies due to the presence of volcanic ash and a gap of data on the FLAME network. The results obtained in this study show the ability of geostationary satellite systems to characterize eruptive events from the source to the atmosphere in near real time during the day and night, thus o ering a powerful tool to mitigate volcanic risk on both local population and airspace and to give insight on volcanic processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1336
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The 03-09 December 2015 Etna eruption volcanic parameters retrieved using Volcanic Plume Removal procedure on EVER-EST project platform (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: Volcanic eruptions emit large quantities of gas and solid particles into the atmosphere, with significant impact on environment, climate, human health and air traffic. The EVER-EST project (European Virtual Environment for Research - Earth Science Themes: a solution) is a H2020 project (2015-2018) having as focus the creation of a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) to enhance the ability to interoperate and share knowledge in Earth Science community. Using the VRE, the scientists should be able to collaborate with colleagues located in different parts of the world, to remotely access and share data and research results, to carry out training sessions and discussions, to compare different results and models. Through the VRE, using the Rohub concept (www.rohub.org.), the researchers will have the opportunity to reuse data and, above all, algorithms developed by others scientists. The VPR (Volcanic Plume Removal) procedure, for the retrieval of volcanic ash, ice and SO2 cloud parameters has been implemented into VRE, for the processing of the MODIS sensor data on board the polar NASA Aqua/Terra satellite platforms. In this work the VPR procedure, implemented into the VRE platform, is considered to process all the MODIS images collected during one of the biggest lava fountains occurred at Etna volcano after 2011, the 03 - 09 December 2015 eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: Virtual Research Environment ; VRE ; EVER-EST ; Rohub ; Research Obiect ; Volcanic Plume Removal ; volcanic ash ; MODIS ; NASA Aqua/Terra satellite ; Etna ; volcano ; eruption
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    Proximal Monitoring of the 2011–2015 Etna Lava Fountains Using MSG-SEVIRI Data (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: From 2011 to 2015, 49 lava fountains occurred at Etna volcano. In this work, the measurements carried out from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument, on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite, are processed to realize a proximal monitoring of the eruptive activity for each event. The SEVIRI measurements are managed to provide the time series of start and duration of eruption and fountains, Time Averaged Discharge Rate (TADR) and Volcanic Plume Top Height (VPTH). Due to its temperature responsivity, the eruptions start and duration, fountains start and duration and TADR are realized by exploiting the SEVIRI 3.9 m channel, while the VPTH is carried out by applying a simplified procedure based on the SEVIRI 10.8 m brightness temperature computation. For each event, the start, duration and TADR have been compared with ground-based observations. The VPTH time series is compared with the results obtained from a procedures-based on the volcanic cloud center of mass tracking in combination with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) back-trajectories. The results indicate that SEVIRI is generally able to detect the start of the lava emission few hours before the ground measurements. A good agreement is found for both the start and the duration of the fountains and the VPTH with mean differences of about 1 h, 50 min and 1 km respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 140
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Real time retrieval of volcanic cloud particles and SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 by satellite using an improved simplified approach (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Volcanic plume removal (VPR) is a procedure developed to retrieve the ash optical depth, effective radius and mass, and sulfur dioxide mass contained in a volcanic cloud from the thermal radiance at 8.7, 11, and 12 μm. It is based on an estimation of a virtual image representing what the sensor would have seen in a multispectral thermal image if the volcanic cloud were not present. Ash and sulfur dioxide were retrieved by the first version of the VPR using a very simple atmospheric model that ignored the layer above the volcanic cloud. This new version takes into account the layer of atmosphere above the cloud as well as thermal radiance scattering along the line of sight of the sensor. In addition to improved results, the new version also offers an easier and faster preliminary preparation and includes other types of volcanic particles (andesite, obsidian, pumice, ice crystals, and water droplets). As in the previous version, a set of parameters regarding the volcanic area, particle types, and sensor is required to run the procedure. However, in the new version, only the mean plume temperature is required as input data. In this work, a set of parameters to compute the volcanic cloud transmittance in the three quoted bands, for all the aforementioned particles, for both Mt. Etna (Italy) and Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) volcanoes, and for the Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments is presented. Three types of tests are carried out to verify the results of the improved VPR. The first uses all the radiative transfer simulations performed to estimate the above mentioned parameters. The second one makes use of two synthetic images, one for Mt. Etna and one for Eyjafjallajökull volcanoes. The third one compares VPR and Look- Up Table (LUT) retrievals analyzing the true image of Eyjafjallajökull volcano acquired by MODIS aboard the Aqua satellite on 11 May 2010 at 14:05GMT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3053–3062
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: 2SR. VULCANI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Multi-Sensor Analysis of a Weak and Long-Lasting Volcanic Plume Emission (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: Volcanic emissions are a well-known hazard that can have serious impacts on local populations and aviation operations. Whereas several remote sensing observations detect high-intensity explosive eruptions, few studies focus on low intensity and long-lasting volcanic emissions. In this work, we have managed to fully characterize those events by analyzing the volcanic plume produced on the last day of the 2018 Christmas eruption at Mt. Etna, in Italy. We combined data from a visible calibrated camera, a multi-wavelength elastic/Raman Lidar system, from SEVIRI (EUMETSAT-MSG) and MODIS (NASA-Terra/Aqua) satellites and, for the first time, data from an automatic sun-photometer of the aerosol robotic network (AERONET). Results show that the volcanic plume height, ranging between 4.5 and 6 km at the source, decreased by about 0.5 km after 25 km. Moreover, the volcanic plume was detectable by the satellites up to a distance of about 400 km and contained very fine particles with a mean e ective radius of about 7 m. In some time intervals, volcanic ash mass concentration values were around the aviation safety thresholds of 2 10􀀀3 g m􀀀3. Of note, Lidar observations show two main stratifications of about 0.25 km, which were not observed at the volcanic source. The presence of the double stratification could have important implications on satellite retrievals, which usually consider only one plume layer. This work gives new details on the main features of volcanic plumes produced during low intensity and long-lasting volcanic plume emissions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3866
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Sviluppo di procedure automatiche per l’integrazione nelle sale operative di misure, modelli predittivi e prodotti di ricerca dell’INGV - Procedure automatiche per la rilevazione e la stima dei parametri delle nubi vulcaniche da satellite (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-25
    Description: Miscellanea INGV, Vol 57, 114-117
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Keywords: Progetto “S.O.I.R. monitoraggio futuro”, Monitoraggio Vulcanico, Telerilevamento, Project “S.O.I.R. future monitoring”, Volcanic Monitoring, Remote Sensing
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 7
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    Volcanic SO2 Near-Real Time Retrieval Using Tropomi Data and Neural Networks: The December 2018 Etna Test Case (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-02
    Description: During a volcanic eruption, large quantities of Sulphur dioxide (SO2) are sometimes emitted into the atmosphere. Rapid detection and tracking ofvolcanic SO2 clouds might be beneficial to air traffic security and to predict any correlated impact on the environment; for example, the possibility of acid rain events. Within the presented work, we exploited Sentinel-5p radiance data (Level 1 b) to detect and retrieve SO2 volcanic emissions through a neural network based algorithmthat produces rapid SO2 vertical column estimates. The dataset used for training the net was composed of 13 TROPOMI Level 2 “Offline” SO2 data collected during the Etna Volcano eruption that occurred in 2018 from 22 December to 1 January. Experimental results are very encouraging and open to the perspective ofmake available a new and stable product for monitoring atmospheric SO2 clouds on a global scale based on Sentinel-5p acquisitions.
    Description: Published
    Description: Brussels, Belgium
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: Volcanic Clouds, Sulfur Dioxide, Sentinel-5p, TROPOMI, Neural Networks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 8
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    On the Detection and Long-Term Path Visualisation of A-68 Iceberg (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-02
    Description: The article presents a methodology for examining a temporal sequence of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, as applied to the detection of the A-68 iceberg and its drifting trajectory. Using an improved image processing scheme, the analysis covers a period of eighteen months and makes use of a set of Sentinel-1 images. A-68 iceberg calved from the Larsen C ice shelf in July 2017 and is one of the largest icebergs observed by remote sensing on record. After the calving, there was only a modest decrease in the area (about 1%) in the first six months. It has been drifting along the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, and is expected to continue its path for more than a decade. It is important to track the huge A-68 iceberg to retrieve information on the physics of iceberg dynamics and for maritime security reasons. Two relevant problems are addressed by the image processing scheme presented here: (a) How to achieve quasi-automatic analysis using a fuzzy logic approach to image contrast enhancement, and (b) The use of ferromagnetic concepts to define a stochastic segmentation. The Ising equation is used to model the energy function of the process, and the segmentation is the result of a stochastic minimization.
    Description: Published
    Description: 460
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    The 2019 Raikoke Eruption: ASH Detection and Retrievals Using S3-SLSTR Data (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-02
    Description: In recent years many studies concerning the monitoring of volcanic activity have been carried out to develop ever more accurate and refine methods which allow to face the emergencies related to an eruption event. In our work we present different approaches for the volcanic ash cloud detection and retrieval using Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) data. As test case the SLSTR image collected on Raikoke volcano the 22 June 2019 at 00:07 UTC has been considered. A neural network based algorithm able to detect and distinguish volcanic and meteorological clouds, and the underlying surfaces, has been implemented and compared with two consolidated approaches: the RGB (Red-Green-Blue) and the Brightness Temperature Difference procedures. For the ash retrieval parameters (aerosol optical depth, effective radius and ash mass), three different methods have been compared: the reliable and consolidated LUT p (Look Up Table) procedure, the very fast VPR (Volcanic Plume Retrieval) algorithm and a neural network based model.
    Description: Published
    Description: Brussels, Belgium
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: Ash detection, Ash retrievals, SLSTR, Neural Networks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 10
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    The Christmas 2018 Etna Eruption: Real Time Monitoring Using Geostationary and Polar Orbit Satellites Systems and Products Validation (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-02
    Description: In this work data observed by the geostationary MSG-SEVIRI and the polar NASA-Terra/Aqua-MODIS orbiting satellite instruments, have been used for the proximal and distal monitoring of the 24-30 December 2018 Etna eruption. The combined use of the SEVIRI high repetition time and the MODIS high spatial resolution allows a reliable near real time volcanic characterization from the source to the atmosphere. For the proximal monitoring the parameters estimated are the eruption starts and duration and the volcanic plume top height, while the distal monitoring was inverted relying on the determination of the volcanic cloud altitude and the ash/SO 2 retrievals. Achieved products were validated by comparing these results with those observed remotely by ground based networks.Results obtained in this study show the ability of satellite-based systems to entirely follow eruptive events in near real time, offering a powerful tool to mitigate volcanic risk on both local population and airspace.
    Description: Published
    Description: Yokohama, Japan
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: Volcanic monitoring, natural hazard, remote sensing, satellite data, validation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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