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  • 1
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    An application on Geographic Information Systems connected to Expert System (2020)
    European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: The studies urban areas directed at the definition of seismic risk, raise the problem of the seismic vulnerability assessment of construction properties that require the estimation of the tendency to damage of a plurality of buildings. Very often one comes upon buildings that have been constructed in former epochs without the use of seismic codes and generally built in masonry. The leads to the search for procedures for vulnerability assessment, based on the rapid acquisition of information on existing buildings, which must furnish a sufficiently reliable assessment of the seismic damageability, generally without the possibility to refer to very sophisticated models. In previous works, assessments of seismic vulnerability have been effected using surveys transferred on National Project for Seismic Prevention (GNDT) sheets (Zonno and Ducarme, eds, 1992). These works have been realized using capes systems in order to treat with the uncertainty of the data. However, the analyses that only refer to GNDT sheets, are limited to single buildings, ideationally understood as isolated. An alternative and maybe complementary attempt is to assess the vulnerability of buildings in a global structural context using Geographic Information Systems to mapping the urban system, integrated with the surveys transferred on COOT sheets. The main characteristics of the building and the structural context, indices of a major or minor damageability, have been individuated, but it is difficult to define a rapid procedure for the assessment of seismic vulnerability. The idea was to use an expert system to codify a basis of the presently acquired knowledge and to apply it automatically on the basis of the results obtained by processes of space analyses calculated by GIS. On the basis of the data obtained with GNDT sheets, the vulnerability of the building can be assessed independently from the structural context (intrinsic vulnerability). The availability of data on the space distribution of the adjoining buildings permits an assessment on the effective vulnerability that takes into account the influence of the structural context. With relation to other works effected on the argument, the proposed system automatically assesses a large quantity of geocoded data either in geometry and in the structure of the components. In particular, in this work the seismic vulnerability assessment of the buildings is effected through the Geographic Information Systems PC Arc-Info connected with the Expert System Shell Nexpert Object, starting from the methods used by the GNDT of the National Council for Research (CNR) (Benedetti and Petrini, 1984; Baldi and Corsanego, 1987) and integrating the effects of anisotropics of the structural behaviour and context (Grimaz, 1992-93).
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-128
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Expert System for Damage Assessment of Buildings in Seismic Areas (2020)
    European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: The analysis of damage on buildings affected by an earthquake allow to trace back to the defects of the structural system and the imperfections of the constructive elements with reference to the best or worst behaviour in case of seismic action. As a matter of fact the tendency of buildings to be damaged, also defined as seismic vulnerability, is strictly connected with their geometric-constructive characteristics. The damage appears as "effect" of the phenomenon that has its "cause" in the seismic action. Once the characteristics of the system are defined, it is possible to reconstruct the 'cause-effect' relation between seismic action and damage. These relations can be obtained through survey of damage caused by recent earthquake. However this methodology reveals a series of problems. The various quantities applied must be expressed with indices that allow to synthesize complex and articulated scenarios exhaustively; although the damage is a quantity that can be directly assessed by description, it is difficult to measure, as its quantification should be representative for all aspects connected with it (physical, economic, functional, social, etc.). The level of the seismic action must be expressed by a parameter that is an index of the event's destructive capacity and in direct correlation with mechanical quantities (acceleration, velocity, energy, etc.). The vulnerability is an entity able to characterize the more or less accentuated predisposition of the structures to suffer damages independently from the intensity and direction of the seismic action. In this work, subjects concerning seismic action and vulnerability shall not be dealt with, as they have already been investigated in previous works [see Grimaz S., 1992 - Cella F. 1994 and 1995]; in the following the problem of damage quantification shall therefore be explored.
    Description: Published
    Description: 83-103
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
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    Paleoseismological evidence for historical ruptures along the Meduno Thrust (eastern Southern Alps, NE Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-29
    Description: We carried out new geological, morphotectonic, geophysical and paleoseismological investigations on the Meduno Thrust that belongs to the Pliocene-Quaternary front of the eastern Southern Alps in Friuli (NE Italy). The study area is located in the Carnic Prealps, where a series of alluvial terraces, linked to both climatic and tectonic pulses characterises the lower reach of the Meduna Valley. In correspondence of the oblique ramp of the Meduno Thrust, the Late Pleistocene Rivalunga terrace shows a set of scarps perpendicular to the Meduno valley, often modified by human activity. In order to reconstruct the tectonic setting of the area and identify the location for digging paleoseismological trenches, integrated geophysical investigations including electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction and reflection, ground penetrating radar and surface wave analyses (HVSR, ReMi and MASW), were carried out across the scarps of the Rivalunga terrace. Geophysical surveys pinpointed that in correspondence of the oblique ramp, stress is accommodated by a transpressive thrust system involving all the seismo-stratigraphic horizons apart from the ploughed soil. Trenching illustrated the Meduno Thrust movements during Late Pleistocene-Holocene. Trenches exhibited both shear planes and extrados fracturing, showing deformed alluvial and colluvial units. 14C datings of the colluvial units show that the most recent fault movements occurred after 1360 CE and 1670 CE. The age of the deformed stratigraphic units compared with the earthquakes listed in current catalogues, suggests that the 1776 earthquake (Mw 5.8, Io = 8–9 MCS) could represent the last seismic event linked to the Meduno thrust activity. This study provided new quantitative constraints improving seismic hazard assessment for Carnic prealpine area.
    Description: The research developed in the framework of the agreement between the Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia - Direzione Centrale Ambiente ed Energia - Servizio Geologico, the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (I.S.P.R.A.) and the University of Udine. The project was funded by the Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Direzione Centrale Ambiente ed Energia, Servizio Geologico (C.I. G.: Z0E0C5EF75, p.i. Maria Eliana Poli).
    Description: Published
    Description: 229071
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active fault ; Paleoseismology ; Morphogenic earthquake ; Eastern Southern Alps ; Applied geophysics ; NE Italy ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Characterization of the expected seismic damage for a critical infrastructure: the case of the oil pipeline in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy) (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: Seismic codes using the performance-based approach for seismic design of critical and important structures generally refer to seismic hazard which takes into account a lower exceedance probability than that used for ordinary buildings. In the present study, the seismic hazard for an oil pipeline, located in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy), has been calculated in terms of PGA and PGV with a 2475-year return period, and compared with estimates calculated with the standard 475-year return period used for ordinary buildings. The results, referring to three soil types (rock, stiff soil, and soft soil), have been combined through GIS technology in a single map (soil seismic hazard map) on the basis of the local lithological characterization. The major earthquakes considered in the study have been associated with the linear sources found in the database of Italian seismic sources, considering the characteristic earthquake model. The regional seismogenic zonation has been added to the linear sources in order to consider minor seismicity as described by the Gutenberg–Richter model. Quaternary faults in the broader Trieste area, long enough to justify, at least, a characteristic magnitude of 6, have been added in the source model to take into account unlikely but possible unknown sources. The Transalpine Oil Pipeline, which connects Trieste (Italy) to Ingolstadt (Germany), is the crude-oil dis- tribution system considered in the present study. It consists of a storage tank, compressor stations, and buried pipeline. For the characterization of the expected damage to the infrastructure in case of an earthquake, we have used underground pipeline seismic vul- nerability curves that relate a performance indicator, such as the reparation rate (number of ruptures per kilometre), with a representative ground motion parameter (e.g., PGA or PGV). In this study, we have considered as performance indicator the consequences of a rupture in the pipeline caused by a seismic event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1425–1445
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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