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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; 13C ; 2H ; 18O ; doubly labeled water method ; carbon dioxide production ; energy expenditure ; indirect calorimetry ; goat ; ruminant ; stabile Isotope ; 13C ; 2H ; 18O ; Wasser-Dopplemarkierungsmethode ; Kohlendi-oxidproduktion ; Energieumsatz ; indirekte Kalorimetrie ; Ziege ; Wiederkäuer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zweck der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Validierung der13C-Bicarbonat-Methode (13C-M) und der doppeltmarkierten Wassermethode (DLWM) zur Bestimmung der CO2-Produktion R(CO2) bei Ziegen als Wiederkäuermodell. Die indirekte Kalorimetrie war als Referenzmethode ausgewählt worden. Die Untersuchungen wurden an 2 Afrikanischen Zwergziegen bei 3 unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstadien (Alter: 5, 10 und 14 Monate, Körpermasse: 14,6, 20,3 und 21,7 kg) durchgeführt. Die Tiere wurden 14 Tage vor und während der Untersuchung bilanziert gefüttert. Die Isotopentracer (4 mg/kg NaH13CO3, 120 mg/kg2H2O and 75 mg/kg H2 18O; 99 At.-%) wurden simultan als einmalige impulsförmige Dosis in die Vena jugularis injiziert. Danach befanden sich die Tiere für 8 Tage in zwei Respirationskammern (Kammervolumen: 2,85 m3, Luftdurchsatz: 25 l/ min), um die CO2-Produktion und den O2-Verbrauch zu bestimmen. Für die Bestimmung von R(CO2) mit Hilfe der13C-M wurden Proben der Ausatemluft aus den Respirationskammern gezogen. Die Messung der13C-Anreicherung und der CO2-Konzentration der Atemproben erfolgte mittels eines Infrarot-Analysators. Für die Bestimmung von R(CO2) mittels der DLWM wurde Blutserum verwendet. Die2H- und18O-Anreicherungen wurden massenspektrometrisch gemessen. Urinproben wurden zur Quantifizierung des renalen Harnverlusts über 24h gesammelt. R(CO2) wurde mittcls der13C-M unter Verwendung der Fläche unter13C-Anreicherung-Zeit-Kurve berechnet. Die Bestimmung von R(CO2) mittels der DLWM basierte auf den Anstiegen der2H- und18O-Kurven und dem Körperwasser-Pool. Die Werte von R(CO2) aus der13C-M war vergleichbar mit denen aus kalorimetrischen Messungen. Die im Vergleich zur indirekten Kalorimetrie kleineren (nicht statistisch signifikant) Werte von R(CO2) — 92% aus13C-M und 87% aus DLWM — deuten auf die Inkorporation von13C und2H in andere Metaboliten als CO2 und H2O hin. Die Körperwasser-Pools (bezogen auf die Körpermasse), berechnet aus den Ordinatenabschnitten der2H- und18O-Kurven (bei t=0), betrugen 66% bzw. 63%. Die Körperwasser-Pools zeigten keine Altersabhängigkeit. Der renale Wasserverlust wurde zu 35% des totalen Wasserverlusts (0,76 1 / d) berechnet.
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to validate the13C bicarbonate method (13C-M) and the doubly labeled water method (DLWM) for the estimation of the CO2 production R(CO2) in goats as a ruminant model. Indirect calorimetry was chosen as the reference method. Studies were carried out in 2 male African dwarf goats at 3 different developing stages (age: 5, 10, and 14 months, body mass: 14.6, 20.3, and 21.7 kg). Animals were fed a balanced feed 14 days before and during the studies. The isotope tracers (4 mg/kg NaH13CO3, 120 mg/kg2H2O, and 75 mg/kg H2 18O; 99 At.-%) were simultaneously given as a single pulse injection into the jugular vein. Thereafter, the animals were kept for 8 days in two respiration chambers (volume of chamber: 2.85 m3, air flow rate: 25 1 / min) for the estimation of CO2 production and O2 consumption. For the determination of R(CO2) using the13C-M samples of exhaled breath were drawn from the respiration chambers. The13C enrichment and CO2 concentration of breath samples were measured by means of an infrared isotope analyzer. In order to determine R(CO2) by means of the DLWM, blood serum was used. The2H and18O enrichments were measured by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Urine samples were collected over 24 h to quantify renal water losses. The R(CO2) was calculated by means of the13C-M using the area under the13C enrichment-time curve. The determination of R(CO2) by means of the DLWM was based on the slopes of the2H and18O disappearance curves and the body water pool obtained from the zero time intercept of the isotope curves. The values of R(CO2) resulting from the13C-M were found to be comparable with those from the calorimetric measurement. Smaller (not statistically significant) values of R(CO2) - 92% from13C-M and 87% from DLWM - compared to the indirect calorimetry could indicate the incorporation of13C and2H into metabolites other than CO2 and H2O, respectively. The body water contents calculated from the zero time intercepts of the2H and18O disappearence curves amounted to 66% and 63%, respectively. The body water content was found to be not related to the age of animals. The renal water loss was calculated to be 35% of the total water loss (0.76 l/d).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 191 (1995), S. 369-380 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Carbon-13 intramolecular kinetic isotope effects in the decarbonylation of oxalic acid dihydrate of natural isotopic composition by SO3 and by fuming sulphuric acid at room temperature and decarbonylation of oxalic acid dihydrate by 100% H3PO4 in the temperature interval 80–150°C have been determined. The obtained isotopic and kinetic results have been compared with the earlier13C experimental and theoretical studies in other solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Carbon-13 fractionation observed in the course of carbon monoxide formation in the reaction of phenylacetylene with the large excess of liquid formic acid in the temperature interval 20–100°C has been investigated and compared with the13C fractionation in the dehydration of pure liquid formic acid. The anomalous temperature dependence of the13C fractionation has been interpreted as caused by the change of the kinetics and of the mechanism of CO formation from the one involving13C−H bond rupture rate determining step (operating in the presence of phenylacetylene) to the mechanism according to which HCOOH decarbonylates in liquid state. No large increase of the13C fractionation with rising of the reaction temperature from 70 to 134°C has been found in the case of decarbonylation of F.A. in the presence of large excess of phenylacetylene. The13C KIE was of 1.020 in the temperature interval 90–133.7°C in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-03
    Description: To gain insight into the bacterial communities involved in iron-(Fe) cycling under marine conditions, we analysed sediments with Fe-contents (0.5–1.5 wt %) from the suboxic zone at a marine site in the Skagerrak (SK) and a brackish site in the Bothnian Bay (BB) using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Several bacterial families, including Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfuromonadaceae and Pelobacteraceae and genera, including Desulfobacter and Geobacter , known to reduce Fe were detected and showed highest abundance near the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox boundary. Additional genera with microorganisms capable of coupling fermentation to Fe-reduction, including Clostridium and Bacillus , were observed. Also, the Fe-oxidizing families Mariprofundaceae and Gallionellaceae occurred at the SK and BB sites, respectively, supporting Fe-cycling. In contrast, the sulphate (SO 4 2– ) reducing bacteria Desulfococcus and Desulfobacterium were more abundant at greater depths concurring with a decrease in Fe-reducing activity. The communities revealed by pyrosequencing, thus, match the redox stratification indicated by the geochemistry, with the known Fe-reducers coinciding with the zone of Fe-reduction. Not the intensely studied model organisms, such as Geobacter spp., but rather versatile microorganisms, including sulphate reducers and possibly unknown groups appear to be important for Fe-reduction in these marine suboxic sediments.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-10-05
    Description: In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methanogenesis. Coastal wetlands are, however, often subject to disturbance by diking and drainage for agricultural use and can turn to potent methane sources when rewetted for remediation. This suggests that preceding land use measures can suspend the sulfate-related methane suppressing mechanisms. Here, we unravel the hydrological relocation and biogeochemical S and C transformation processes that induced high methane emissions in a disturbed and rewetted peatland despite former brackish impact. The underlying processes were investigated along a transect of increasing distance to the coastline using a combination of concentration patterns, stable isotope partitioning, and analysis of the microbial community structure. We found that diking and freshwater rewetting caused a distinct freshening and an efficient depletion of the brackish sulfate reservoir by dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR). Despite some legacy effects of brackish impact expressed as high amounts of sedimentary S and elevated electrical conductivities, contemporary metabolic processes operated mainly under sulfate-limited conditions. This opened up favorable conditions for the establishment of a prospering methanogenic community in the top 30–40 cm of peat, the structure and physiology of which resemble those of terrestrial organic-rich environments. Locally, high amounts of sulfate persisted in deeper peat layers through the inhibition of DSR, probably by competitive electron acceptors of terrestrial origin, for example Fe(III). However, as sulfate occurred only in peat layers below 30–40 cm, it did not interfere with high methane emissions on an ecosystem scale. Our results indicate that the climate effect of disturbed and remediated coastal wetlands cannot simply be derived by analogy with their natural counterparts. From a greenhouse gas perspective, the re-exposure of diked wetlands to natural coastal dynamics would literally open up the floodgates for a replenishment of the marine sulfate pool and therefore constitute an efficient measure to reduce methane emissions.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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