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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From 1988 to 1990, fish larvae were sampled before, during, and after ice breakup within and outside the plume of the Great Whale River off Kuujjuarapik, southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) were the most abundant larvae. Half of the larval fish taxa emerged before the ice broke up in the Bay. The highest densities of Arctic cod, sand lance, slender eelblenny, and gelatinous snailfish larvae were in salinities exceeding 25 practical salinity units (p.s.u.). Arctic shanny, sculpins, and capelin larvae were more abundant at salinities between 1 and 25 p.s.u.. Burbot and coregonid larvae were clearly associated with fresh or brackish waters even when caught in the Bay. The timing and extent of the Great Whale River freshet influenced the distribution of marine fish larvae in southeastern Hudson Bay and determined the moment when the larvae of anadromous and freshwater species entered the Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the impact of neurotoxins produced by the dinoflagellateAlexandrium excavatum on survival of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and American lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae, respectively reared from eggs and from female lobster, collected in 1988 from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Sensitivity to the toxins was first verified by exposing larvae of both species to various concentrations of toxicA. excavatum (treatment) and non-toxicA. tamarense (control). Daily mortality rates ranged from 65 to 96% among mackerel larvae directly fed upon toxic cells and reached 36% in postlarvae exposed to toxic microzooplankton. Lobster larvae were apparently immune to the toxins, which they concentrated up to five times relative to vector toxicities. Bioassays conducted on mackerel larvae by exposure to natural plankton samples collected in situ during a bloom of toxicA. excavatum confirmed that exposure to the toxins could also have lethal effects in natural ecosystems. We conclude that the current proliferation of toxic dinoflagellates threatens early survival of finfish larvae and their recruitment to adult populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The annual cycles of growth and of internal storage of nitrogen and carbon in Laminaria longicruris were compared at three sites in Nova Scotia, Canada. One site had abundant nitrogen all year round, on account of local upwelling, one had abundant nitrogen for only four months and the last was intermediate in this respect. Where nitrogen was abundant year round, growth followed the seasonal pattern of light, and there was little storage of either carbon or inorganic nitrogen. Where nitrogen was only abundant in the sea in winter, growth accelerated at this time and continued throught early summer while internal reserves of nitrogen were utilized. Carbon was stored in summer and used for growth in the fall. At the intermediate site, larger reserves of nitrogen were built up in winter and a high growth rate was maintained through most of the summer. Smaller carbon reserves were accumulated and growth was minimal in winter. Experiments in which plants were transplanted between sites were not conclusive, but suggested that plants at different sites may have genetic differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L’impact de l’activité deMonochamus titillator (Fab.) sur les populations à l’intérieur de l’arbre deDendroctonus frontalis Zimm. est décrit. Le total des évaluations de population deD. frontalis dans des zones à l’intérieur du tronc attaquées parM. titillator a été soumis à l’ordinateur pour 89 pins,Pinus taeda L., échantillonnés pendant 3 ans. Les histogrammes de fréquence ont été établis pour la surface de l’habitat infesté, la surface explorée parM. titillator et pour les populations deD. frontalis présentes dans l’arbre. A partir de ces données on a calculé la part de surface utilisée parM. titillator, la mortalité deD. frontalis extrapolée pour l’arbre entier et la mortalité se produisant dans la surface exploitée. Les histogrammes traduisant les variations de ces composantes ont été dressés en ayant recours à des modèles mathématiques non linéaires. Environ 20% de la surface infestée a été exploitée parM. titillator; la mortalité du scolyte fut d’environ 14% dans l’arbre et de 70% dans la zone attaquée parM. titillator. Ces évaluations sont très variables d’un arbre à l’autre et on a mis au point un procédé pour prévoir la probabilité d’un taux donné d’activité alimentaire du cerambycide et de mortalité du scolyte. Les causes de cette variabilité ont été étudiées. La variation suivant les années et les saisons suit les mêmes tendances à savoir l’augmentation à la fois de l’activité alimentaire et de la mortalité de la base au sommet du pin attaqué. La variation selon les classes de taille des arbres est hautement significative: les arbres les plus gros présentent une exploitation et une mortalité beaucoup plus importantes que les arbres plus petits. La mortalité du scolyte dans la zone attaquée par le cerambycide est également plus élevée aux extrémités du pin infesté.
    Notes: Abstract The impact of foraging byMonochamus titillator (Fab.) on within-tree populations ofDendroctonus frontalis Zimm. was described. Total population estimates forD. frontalis and inner bark area foraged byM. titillator were computed for 89 loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., sampled over a 3 year period. Frequency histograms were prepared for the surface area of habitat infested, area foraged byM. titillator, and within-tree populations ofD. frontalis. These data were used to calculate the proportion of area foraged byM. titillator, the proportionalD. frontalis mortality for the entire tree, and the proportional mortality occurring in the foraged area. Histograms showing the variation of these components were prepared and described using nonlinear mathematical models. Ca. 20% of the infested surface area was foraged byM. titillator. Mortality toD. frontalis on a per tree basis was ca. 14%. Mortality in the area foraged byM. titillator was ca. 70%. These estimates were highly variable between individual trees and a procedure for predicting the probability of a given level of foraging and mortality was described. Sources of variation influencing foraging byM. titillator and mortality toD. frontalis were investigated. Variation between years and season followed similar trends with both foraging and mortality increasing from the base to the top of the infested bole. Variation between tree size-class was highly significant. Larger size-class trees had substantially greater foraging and mortality than did the smaller size-classes. Mortality within the foraged area was also found to be greater at the extremes of the infested bole.
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