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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Anaesthesia, informationsystem, ergonomics, knowledge based system, induction
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 20 p. = 92,2 KB, text
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Language: German
    Note: Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - Contract BMBF 01 EI 9619, BMBF 01 EI 9619/9 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Qualitätssicherung ; Anästhesie ; Komplikationen ; Risikofaktoren ; Epidemiologie ; Key words Quality assurance ; Anaesthesia ; Complications ; Risk factors ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The German Social Law has required quality assurance (QA) procedures since 1989. The measures must be suitable to allow “comparing investigations”. In 1992 the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine published recommendations for QA in anaesthesia: most problems during an anaesthetic should be documented in a standardised manner, and thus, a list of 63 pitfalls, events, and complications (PECs) and five degrees of severity were defined. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of PECs in anaesthesia and to correlate PECs with procedures and preoperative health status. Materials and methods. Demographic data, preoperative findings, type and duration of anaesthesia and operation, and kind and severity of PECs were integrated in an automatically readable anaesthetic data record (ARADR). During 12 months all anaesthetics in our department were documented by the ARADR; the records were read by a reading device and the data stored in a modern SQL database (Informix). Degrees of severity: I. PEC leads to reaction of anaesthetist, no impact for recovery room (RR); II. impact for RR, no impact on transfer to ward; III. significant prolongation of RR stay or additional monitoring on ward; IV. PEC leads to intensive care unit admission; V. disabling damage or death. Results. In all, 18350 anaesthetics were recorded (9055 male, 9295 female); the median age was 41 years (1day–99 years). In 4251 (23.2%) anaesthetics 5927 PECs occurred, 3412 of them involving the cardiovascular and 949 the respiratory system, the latter with a tendency to higher degrees of severity. PECs caused by technical equipment (126) or lesions caused by anaesthesists (342) had no fatal outcomes and were less severe. Patients in ASA class I had 12.3% anaesthetics with PECs, ASA II 23.3%, ASA III 33.8%, ASA IV 34.9%, and ASA V 58.5%. PECs of degrees IV and V showed a higher incidence in the higher ASA classes. There was no fatal PEC in an ASA class I patient and only one (of 13615) in an elective procedure. Emergency cases had more frequent and more severe PECs: 16 of 19 PECs of degree V were in ASA class IV and V patients and 15 in emergency situations, all of them in surgical patients. Patients with cardiovascular disease had a more frequent incidence of PECs by a factor of 1.39 to 5.93 than those without such disease. Conclusions. Standardised incident reporting by defined PECs seems a good way to describe problems in anaesthesia. The types of PECs in our study had a similar distribution to those in other investigations, but there was a tendency to less frequent fatal PECs in ASA classes I to IV and more frequent ones in ASA class V. We expect better comparability when multicenter studies are done using identical methods in the next few years. Perhaps different patients collectives with special risks will be detected; efforts in quality improvement could focus on these patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin hat 1992 und 1993 Empfehlungen zur Qualitätssicherung publiziert. Die dort definierten Zwischenfälle, Ereignisse und Komplikationen (ZEKs) mit ihren 5 Schweregraden wurden an unserer Klinik in das routinemäßig zu erstellende Protokoll integriert und zusammen mit den präoperativen Gegebenheiten in einer Datenbank abgelegt (Belegleseverfahren). Vom 01.01. bis 31.12.1993 gingen alle 18350 Anästhesien der Klinik in die Studie ein. Bei 4251 (23,2%) Anästhesien ereigneten sich 5927 ZEKs, wobei sich 3412 im kardiovaskulären System manifestierten, gefolgt von 949 ZEKs im respiratorischen System (letztere mit einer Tendenz zu höheren Schweregraden). ZEKs im Zusammenhang mit Medizintechnik (126) oder anästhesiologisch verursachten Läsionen (342) hatten keinen letalen Verlauf und tendierten zu niedrigen Schweregraden im Vergleich zu anderen Problemen. Die ASA-Klassifikation des anästhesiologischen Risikos zeigte in der 1. Stufe 12,3% Anästhesien mit ZEKs, in den weiteren Stufen 23,3%, 33,8%, 34,9% in Stufe 5 schließlich 58,5%. Noch deutlicher war der Zusammenhang bei den ZEKs von hohem Schweregrad. Eine ähnliche Tendenz hatten die Dringlichkeitsstufen des Eingriffs. Insgesamt waren 16 der 19 Fälle mit ZEK-Grad V in den ASA-Klassen IV bzw. V und 15 in den Dringlichkeitsstufen Notfall- bzw. Soforteingriff. Alle ZEKs vom Grad V ereigneten sich in der Chirurgie. Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Vorerkrankungen (Koronarien, Myokard, Kreislauf, Gefäßsystem) waren mit dem Faktor 1,39 bis 5,93 mehr bei den Anästhesien mit kardiovaskulären ZEKs vertreten als solche ohne diese Vorerkrankungen. Die von der DGAI definierten ZEKs scheinen gut geeignet zu sein, Probleme in einer anästhesiologischen Einrichtung wiederzugeben, wenn die Begleitumstände gut dokumentiert sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1350-1352 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterÄltere Menschen ; Haushaltstechnik ; Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik ; selbständige Lebensführung ; häuslicher Alltag ; Key words Elderly people ; household devices ; communication and information technology ; independent living ; everyday life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary sentha is an interdisciplinary research team involving the Technical University Berlin, the Berlin Institute for Social Research GmbH (BIS), the German Centre for Research on Ageing at the University of Heidelberg (DZFA), the School of Fine Arts Berlin (HdK), and the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus (BTU). Building on empirical investigations of the role of everyday household products in the everyday life of older people, product-independent design and assessment guidelines and new products are being developed in an intensive interdisciplinary process in order to better meet the needs of older people and to enhance their autonomous living. The following paper describes the contributions from the participating disciplines and presents initial results of the social sciences subproject, describing the problems arising in living independently in old age and detecting the demands on new technological solutions. Data are based on a representative survey conducted in 1999 and including a stratified sample of 1417 men and women aged 55 and older.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die interdisziplinäre Forschergruppe sentha (Seniorengerechte Technik im häuslichen Alltag) an der Technischen Universität Berlin (mit Beteiligung des Berliner Instituts für Sozialforschung GmbH BIS, des Deutschen Zentrums für Alternsforschung an der Universität Heidelberg DZFA, der Hochschule der Künste Berlin HdK und der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus BTU) untersucht in intensiver interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit „Technik im Haushalt zur Unterstützung der selbständigen Lebensführung älterer Menschen” und entwickelt daraus neue Konzepte, Gestaltungsregeln und Modelle „seniorengerechter Technik”, die Senioren möglichst lange Optionen für die selbstbestimmte Gestaltung ihres Lebens offenhält. Der Artikel beschreibt knapp den Beitrag der einzelnen Disziplinen sowie erste Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Umfrage des Sozialwissenschaftlichen Teilprojekts, die im Sommer 1999 mit einem nach Alter und Geschlecht stratifizierten Sample von 1417 Personen ab 55 Jahre durchgeführt wurde. Neben einem Überblick über die derzeitige Ausstattung älterer Menschen mit technischen Geräten in den Bereichen Haushalt, Kommunikation/Information/Unterhaltung und Gesundheit/Sich pflegen werden „kritische” Geräte vorgestellt und beliebte und unbeliebte Tätigkeiten des Alltags sowie die damit verbundenen Mühen aufgezeigt. Daraus können Anforderungen abgeleitet werden, die unmittelbar in die weitere interdisziplinäre Arbeit einfließen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: management ; High Dependency Environment ; Critical Care ; strategy ; patient management ; cybernetics ; artificial intelligence ; clinical decision making ; expert systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Increasing complexity and increased restraints affect the task of patient management in High Dependency Environments, which has become intricate and difficult. Medical knowledge alone is not enough any longer for proper patient care. Management ability and facilities are required. Current medical knowledge should be expanded by management methods and techniques. By looking at management models in the industry, we found striking similarities between the industrial management situation and clinical patient management. Both systems share complexity in structure, complexity in interaction and evolutionary character. Clinical patient management can be compared with a navigation process. The patient is steered by a control system, and course information is given by control dimensions. Clinical patient management becomes a succession of steering activities influenced by the surrounding systems. This system can be structured in three interacting layers: an operational level, in which information is collected and actions executed; a strategic level in which strategies based on goal-oriented mental anticipation of a probabilistic system are formulated; and a normative level at which principles and norms are defined. It is possible then, to define the tools which have to be developed and implemented to improve clinical management capabilities. At the operational level these tools are addresed to improve clinical decision making by providing information in an ergonomical way. They include artifact elimination, data reduction, increase in meaningful information and unwanted data filtering. At the strategic level, tools to check the feasibility of the applied strategies have to be developed, such as: ideal patient course plots and increased training in strategic thinking. At the normative level, strategic management capabilities can be improved by compiling, processing and providing clinical context sensitive norms, to set up boundares for strategies formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 11 (1994), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: monitoring ; computing ; artefacts ; documentation ; ICU ; data management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Computerized record keeping promises complete, accurate and legible documentation. Reliable measurements are a prerequisite to fulfill these expectations. We analyzed the physiological variables provided by bedside monitoring devices in 657 bedside visits performed by an experienced Intensive Care nurse during 75 Intensive Care rounds. We registered which variables were displayed. If a variable was displayed, we assessed whether it could be used for documentation or should be rejected. If a value was rejected the reason was registered as: the measurement was not intended (superfluous display), the current clinical situation did not allow proper measurement, or other reasons. Basic variables (vital signs and respiration related variables) were displayed in more then 90%, specific variables (e.g. intracranial pressure) were displayed in less than 50% of the situations. Displayed variables were superfluous on an average of 11% because measurement was not intended. Variables like heart rate, temperature, airway pressure, minute volume of ventilation, arrhythmia, pulmonary arterial pressure, non-invasive blood pressure, and intracranial pressure provide high quality measured values (acceptance of more than 90%). Invasive arterial pressure, central venous pressure, respiration rate and oxygen saturation (via pulse oximetry) provided lower quality values with a rejection rate higher than 10%. Inappropriate sensor technology to match the clinical environment seems to be the root cause. In future the request for automatic documentation will increase. In order to avoid additional staff workload and to ensure reliable documentation, sensor technology especially related to respiration rate, blood pressure measurements, and pulse oximetry should be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 11 (1994), S. 89-97 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: integrated intensive care workplace ; integrated displays cost-benefit-assessment ; electrical safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The project LUCY (Linked Ulm Care sYstem) is described. The goal of this project was to build a research workstation in an Intensive Care Unit which enables evaluation of data/information processing and presentation concepts. Also evaluation of new devices and functions considering not only one device but the workplace as an entirety was an aim of the project. We describe the complete process of building from the stage of design until its testing in clinical routine. LUCY includes a patient monitor, a ventilator, 4 infusion pumps and 8 syringe pumps. All devices are connected to a preprocessing computer via serial interfaces. A high performance graphic workstation is used for central display of physiological and therapeutic variables. A versatile user interface provides touch screen, keyboard and mouse interaction. For fluid administration a bar code based control and documentation facility was included. While our scheduled development efforts were below 4 man-years, the overall man-power needed until the first routine test amounts to 8 man-years. Costs of devices and software sum up to 160,000 US$. First experiences in clinical routine show good general acceptance of the workplace concept. Analysing the recorded data we found 90% of the items to be redundant: individual filtering algorthms are necessary for each of nowaday's devices. The flexibility of the system concerning the implementation of new features is far from our expectations. Technical maintenance of the system during clinical operation requires continuous effort which we cannot afford in the current situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: anaesthesia ; critical care ; clinical information systems ; data management ; information ; intensive care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the information flow in HDE (with special focus on the information transfer process) using data provided by a group of experienced health care professionals. A model of the information flow in HDE was built up. It postulates the existence of quanta of information (due to the artificial fragmentation of the information flow produced by the clinical working processes: organization in shifts, demand of simultaneous activities from different staff members, etc.). This fragmentation is described by using the so-called Clinical Information Process Units (CIPUs), which correspond to patient care activities going on in parallely and serially linked blocks, performed by the staff in the specific environments. Due to a transfer in responsibility over the patient the CIPUs are linked by information transfer events which are described using transfer modules (TraMs). We exemplified 32 CIPUs related to the clinical environments (PreOp, Surgery, Recovery Intensive Care, Ward, Diagnostics, Outpatient) and the health care professional groups (Anesthesiologist/Intensivist, Surgeon, Nurse, Physician, Diagnostic Physician, Physical Therapist). A matrix was established providing the transfer situations among the CIPUs enabling a systematic classification of the TraMs. The contents of the TraMs are built up of information link elements, which are assembled according to the specific settings of the transfer situation given by the emitter, receiver and purpose. In summary we modelled the process of information transfer in HDE through CIPUs, TraMs and information links in a way, which may be useful to design information technology applications or to reorganize the information management in HDE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 8 (1992), S. 308-314 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Records: anesthesia ; Equipment: computers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patient-related data management (PDM) has become an increasingly important and time-consuming task in intensive care medicine. Currently, all data are usually collected in a poorly structured patient chart consisting of forms and pictures, with about 400 manual entries a day. To handle this amount of data, we have designed a three-level patient system: level 1, summarizing the whole patient; level 2, summarizing one organ system or one isolated problem; and level 3, variables describing morphology and function of organ systems. PDM must be adapted to different clinical situations. We observed three different scenarios: (1) Exploratory PDM, where the clinician learns about the patient and builds up an individual patient model in his or her mind. (2) Operational PDM, where in routine care clinicians are part of a feedback control system, in which they use the patient-related model. (3) Summary PDM, where a clinician summarizes all the information gathered during a period when he or she was responsible for the patient. Computing tools based on clinical thinking and adapted to different situations can ensure accurate, clear, and concise patient care communication among the members of the intensive care staff.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 10 (1993), S. 251-259 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: anaesthesia ; anaesthesia record ; ergonomics ; information management ; medical informatics ; medical record
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For almost 100 years, the anaesthesia record has been the sole information tool trying to fulfill an ample catalogue of functions related to the anaesthesia information processes. Automated anaesthetic record systems have evolved around data being available online, as an imitation of the handwritten record. None has developed an information tool capable of an efficient utilization of the wide range of resources provided by modern technology to fulfill the information requirements of the anaesthetic environment. We used a system ergonomic analysis trying to find the best solutions. As a result of it we drafted an Anaesthesia Information Concept (AIC) in which the complexity of data & information (D&I) processes is broken down to modules called Clinical Information Process Units (CIPUs). A CIPU is mainly defined by the responsibility of a staff member and focuses on the basic system patient, staff and machine (all devices). The internal functions of a CIPU are treatment control and medicolegal documentation. The external functions are fulfilled by transferring required sets of D&I for subsequent treatment control (next CIPU), audit, quality control, cost calculation, etc. Using such an approach, an Anaesthesia Information Concept (AIC) can be realized by a wide range of modular and hybrid systems (combination of different tools such as paper records, computers, etc.) as opposed to universal and single automated documentation systems, which up to now have failed to fulfill the information demands of the anaesthetic environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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