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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (158 pages)
    ISBN: 9783030995461
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences Ser.
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Artificial intelligence—Data processing. ; Statistics . ; Mathematics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Data Science and Earth System Science -- The Digital Earth project: focus and agenda -- Data analysis and exploration with visual approaches -- Data analysis and exploration with computational approaches -- Data analysis and exploration with scientific workflows -- The Digital Earth SMART monitoring concept and tools -- Interdisciplinary collaboration -- Evaluating the success of the Digital Earth project -- Lessons learned in the Digital Earth project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 148 S. , 47 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030995461
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
    Language: English
    Note: Open Access
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: Background: Hypercapnia and elevated temperatures resulting from climate change may have adverse consequences for many marine organisms. While diverse physiological and ecological effects have been identified, changes in those molecular mechanisms, which shape the physiological phenotype of a species and limit its capacity to compensate, remain poorly understood. Here, we use global gene expression profiling through RNA-Sequencing to study the transcriptional responses to ocean acidification and warming in gills of the boreal spider crab Hyas araneus exposed medium-term (10 weeks) to intermediate (1,120 μatm) and high (1,960 μatm) PCO2 at different temperatures (5°C and 10°C). Results: The analyses reveal shifts in steady state gene expression from control to intermediate and from intermediate to high CO2 exposures. At 5°C acid–base, energy metabolism and stress response related genes were upregulated at intermediate PCO2, whereas high PCO2 induced a relative reduction in expression to levels closer to controls. A similar pattern was found at elevated temperature (10°C). There was a strong coordination between acid–base, metabolic and stress-related processes. Hemolymph parameters at intermediate PCO2 indicate enhanced capacity in acid–base compensation potentially supported by upregulation of a V-ATPase. The likely enhanced energy demand might be met by the upregulation of the electron transport system (ETS), but may lead to increased oxidative stress reflected in upregulated antioxidant defense transcripts. These mechanisms were attenuated by high PCO2, possibly as a result of limited acid–base compensation and metabolic down-regulation. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a PCO2 dependent threshold beyond which compensation by acclimation fails progressively. They also indicate a limited ability of this stenoecious crustacean to compensate for the effects of ocean acidification with and without concomitant warming.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: Research investigating the genetic basis of physiological responses has significantly broadened our understanding of the mechanisms underlying organismic response to environmental change. However, genomic data are currently available for few taxa only, thus excluding physiological model species from this approach. In this study we report the transcriptome of the model organism Hyas araneus from Spitsbergen (Arctic). We generated 20,479 transcripts, using the 454 GS FLX sequencing technology in combination with an Illumina HiSeq sequencing approach. Annotation by Blastx revealed 7159 blast hits in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. The comparison between the spider crab H. araneus transcriptome and EST libraries of the European lobster Homarus americanus and the porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes yielded 3229/2581 sequences with a significant hit, respectively. The clustering by the Markov Clustering Algorithm (MCL) revealed a common core of 1710 clusters present in all three species and 5903 unique clusters for H. araneus. The combined sequencing approaches generated transcripts that will greatly expand the limited genomic data available for crustaceans. We introduce the MCL clustering for transcriptome comparisons as a simple approach to estimate similarities between transcriptomic libraries of different size and quality and to analyze homologies within the selected group of species. In particular, we identified a large variety of reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences not only in the H. araneus transcriptome and other decapod crustaceans, but also sea urchin, supporting the hypothesis of a heritable, anti-viral immunity and the proposed viral fragment integration by host-derived RTs in marine invertebrates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-06
    Description: Oceans are experiencing increasing acidification in parallel to a distinct warming trend in consequence of ongoing climate change. Rising seawater temperatures are mediating a northward shift in distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), into the habitat of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), that is associated with retreating cold water masses. This study investigates the competitive strength of the co-occurring gadoids under ocean acidification and warming (OAW) scenarios. Therefore, we incubated specimens of both species in individual tanks for 4 months, under different control and projected temperatures (polar cod: 0, 3, 6, 8 °C, Atlantic cod: 3, 8, 12, 16 °C) and PCO2 conditions (390 and 1170 µatm) and monitored growth, feed consumption and standard metabolic rate. Our results revealed distinct temperature effects on both species. While hypercapnia by itself had no effect, combined drivers caused nonsignificant trends. The feed conversion efficiency of normocapnic polar cod was highest at 0 °C, while optimum growth performance was attained at 6 °C; the long-term upper thermal tolerance limit was reached at 8 °C. OAW caused only slight impairments in growth performance. Under normocapnic conditions, Atlantic cod consumed progressively increasing amounts of feed than individuals under hypercapnia despite maintaining similar growth rates during warming. The low feed conversion efficiency at 3 °C may relate to the lower thermal limit of Atlantic cod. In conclusion, Atlantic cod displayed increased performance in the warming Arctic such that the competitive strength of polar cod is expected to decrease under future OAW conditions
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-02-15
    Description: The ichthyotoxic and mixotrophic prymnesiophyte Prymnesium parvum is known to produce dense virtually monospecific blooms in marine coastal, brackish, and inshore waters. Fish-killing Pyrmnesium blooms are often associated with macronutrient imbalanced conditions based upon shifts in ambient nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) ratios. We therefore investigated nutrient-dependent cellular acclimation mechanisms of this microalga based upon construction of a normalized expressed sequence tag (EST) library. We then profiled the transcriptome of P. parvum under nutrient-replete conditions as well as under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation via microarray analyses. Twenty-three genes putatively involved in acclimation to low nutrient levels were identified, among them three phosphate transporters, which were highly upregulated under P-starvation. In contrast, the expression of genes involved in transport and acquisition of ammonium or nitrate/nitrite was unaltered in N-starved cells. We propose that genes upregulated under P- or N-starvation lend themselves as potential tools to monitor nutrient limitation effects at the cellular level and indirectly the potential for initiation and maintenance of toxic blooms of P. parvum.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Enrichment of the oceans with CO2 may be beneficial for some marine phytoplankton, including harmful algae. Numerous laboratory experiments provided valuable insights into the effects of elevated pCO(2) on the growth and physiology of harmful algal species, including the production of phycotoxins. Experiments close to natural conditions are the next step to improve predictions, as they consider the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that can confound the direct effects of ocean acidification. We therefore investigated the effect of ocean acidification on the occurrence and abundance of phycotoxins in bulk plankton samples during a long-term mesocosm experiment in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, an area frequently experiencing harmful algal blooms. During the experimental period, a total of seven phycotoxin-producing harmful algal genera were identified in the fjord, and in accordance, six toxin classes were detected. However, within the mesocosms, only domoic acid and the corresponding producer Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was observed. Despite high variation within treatments, significantly higher particulate domoic acid contents were measured in the mesocosms with elevated pCO(2). Higher particulate domoic acid contents were additionally associated with macronutrient limitation. The risks associated with potentially higher phycotoxin levels in the future ocean warrants attention and should be considered in prospective monitoring strategies for coastal marine waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The Digital Earth project aimed for the integration of data science and Earth science. Here, we reflect on the main lessons learned that include the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, thinking out of the box, the concept of ‘thinking in workflows’ and models for the sustainable implementation of scientific software, data infrastructure and policies.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Digital Earth is a project funded by the German Helmholtz Association with all centers of the research field Earth and Environment involved. The main goal of the Digital Earth project is to develop and bundle data science methods in extendable and maintainable scientific workflows that enable natural scientists in collaboration with data scientists to achieve a deeper understanding of the Earth system. This has been achieved by developing solutions for data analysis and exploration with visual and computational approaches with data obtained in a SMART monitoring approach and modeling studies, accompanied by a continuous evaluation of the collaboration processes. In this chapter, the history, setup, and focus of the Digital Earth project are described.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-12-09
    Description: Data-driven science has turned into a fourth fundamental paradigm of performing research. Earth System Science, following a holistic approach in unraveling the complex network of processes and interactions shaping system Earth, particularly profits from embracing data-driven approaches next to observation and modeling. At the end, increasing digitalization of Earth sciences will lead to cultural transformation towards a Digital Earth Culture.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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