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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Promethazine. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (278 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780470188088
    Series Statement: Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds: a Series of Monographs ; v.20
    DDC: 547.593
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- THE 1,2,3- AND 1,2,4-TRIA2INES, TETRAZINES AND PENTAZINES -- Contents -- I. The 1,2,3-Triazines -- Introduction -- 1 Uncondensed 1,2,3-Triazines -- A. Unbridged 1,2,3-Triazine Rings -- B. 1,2,3-Triazine Rings with Valence Bridges -- 2. 1,2,3-Triazine Rings Condensed with Carbocycles -- A. Condensed with Benzene -- (1) 1,2,3-Benzotriazine -- (2) 1,2,3-Benzotriazines with Valence Bridges -- B. Condensed with Naphthalene -- (1) Condensed with the 2,3 Positions of Naphthalene -- (2) Condensed with the 1,8 Positions of Naphthalene -- 3. 1,2,3-Triazine Rings Condensed with Heterocycles -- A. Condensed through Two Carbon Atoms -- (1) Condensed with the Thiazole Ring -- (2) Condensed with the Pyrazole Ring -- B. Condensed through a Carbon Atom and a Nitrogen Atom -- (1)'Condensed with the Pyrazole Ring -- (2) Condensed with the Thiazole Ring -- (3) Condensed with the Imidazole Ring -- (4) Condensed with the Fyrimidine Ring -- Bibliography -- II. The 1,2,4-Triazines -- Introduction -- 1. Uncondensed 1,2,4-Triazines -- A. Unbridged 1,2,4-Triazine Rings -- B. 1,2,4-Triazine Rings with Valence Bridges -- 2. 1,2,4-Triazine Rings Condensed with Carbocycles -- A. As Parts of Spiro Ring Systems -- B. Condensed with Alicyclic Ring Systems in 1, 2-Positions -- (1) Condensed with Cyclopentane -- (2) Condensed with the Norcamphane System -- (3) Condensed with the Cyclopentaphenanthrene Ring System -- (4) Condensed with the Spiro [4,5] decane Ring System -- (5) Condensed with the Phenanthridine Ring System -- C. Condensed with the Benzene Ring -- (1) 1,2,4-Benzotriazine -- (2) Two 1,2,4-Triazine Rings Condensed with One Benzene Ring -- D. Condensed with Naphthalene -- (1) Condensed with the 2,3 Positions of Naphthalene -- (2) Condensed with the 1,2 Positions of Naphthalene -- E. Condensed with Higher Aromatic Ring Systems. , (1) Condensed with the Acenaphthene System -- (2) Condensed with the Phenanthrene System -- 3. 1,2,4-Triazine Rings Condensed with Heterocycles -- A. Condensed through Carbon Atoms -- (1) Condensed with the Pyran Ring -- (2) Condensed with the Indole Ring System -- B. Condensed through a Carbon Atom and a Nitrogen Atom -- (1) Condensed with the Pyrazole Ring -- (2) Condensed with the Indazole Ring System -- (3) Condensed with the 1,2,4-Triazole Ring -- Bibliography -- III. The 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines -- Introduction -- 1. Uncondensed 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines -- A. 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine -- B. Dihydro,l,2,3,4-Tetrazines -- (1) Substituted in the 2- and 3-Positions with Aryl Groups -- (2) Substituted in the 2- and 3-Positions with Benzoyl Groups -- (3) 1,2- and 2,5- Dihydro-1,2,3,4-Tetrazines -- C. Tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-Tetrazines -- D. Hexahydro-1,2,3,4-Tetrazines -- E. 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines with Valence Bridges -- 2. 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine Rings Condensed with Carbocycles -- A. Condensed with a Benzene Ring -- B. Condensed with a Naphthalene Ring -- 3. 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine Rings Condensed with Heterocycles -- A. Condensed through Two Carbon Atoms -- (1) Condensed with 1,4-Pyrone -- (2) Condensed with 1,2,3-Triazole -- B. Condensed through a Carbon Atom and a Nitrogen Atom -- (1) Condensed with Piperidine -- (2) Condensed with 1,2,4-Triazole -- Bibliography -- IV. The 1,2,3,5-Tetrazines -- Bibliography -- V. The 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines -- Introduction -- 1. Uncondensed s-Tetrazines -- A. Mononuclear s-Tetrazines -- (1) s-Tetrazines and Hydro Derivatives -- (2) Substituted s-Tetrazines and Hydro Derivatives -- B. Polynuclear Uncondensed s-Tetrazines -- (1) Aliphatic Carbocyclic Rings Coupled Directly to s-Tetrazines -- (2) Aromatic Carbocyclic Rings Coupled Directly to s-Tetrazines -- (3) Heterocyclic Rings Coupled Directly to s-Tetrazines. , (4) Rings Coupled through Carbon Chains to s-Tetrazines -- 2. Condensed s-Tetrazines -- Bibliography -- VI. The Pentazines -- Bibliography -- Subject Index.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-05-18
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/jp400312f
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: We report a significant poleward surge in thermospheric winds at subauroral and mid latitudes following the 17–18 March 2015 great geomagnetic storm. This pre-midnight surge is preceded by strong westward winds. These disturbances were observed over three sites with geodetic latitudes 35-42°N in the American sector by Fabry-Perot interferometers at 630-nm wavelength. Prior to the wind disturbances, subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), were measured by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar between 20–02 UT. We identify the observed neutral wind variations as driven by SAPS, through a scenario where strong ion flows cause a westward neutral wind, subsequently establishing a poleward wind surge due to the poleward Coriolis force on that westward wind. These regional disturbances appear to have prevented the well-known storm time equatorward wind surge from propagating into low latitudes, with the consequence that the classic disturbance dynamo mechanism failed to occur.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Description: Soil microbial communities in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands generally experience highly variable spatiotemporal rainfall patterns. Changes in precipitation regimes can affect belowground ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling by altering soil microbial community structure and function. The objective of this study was to determine if increased seasonal precipitation frequency and magnitude over a seven-year period would generate a persistent shift in microbial community characteristics and soil nutrient availability. We supplemented natural rainfall with large events (one/winter and three/summer) to simulate increased precipitation based on climate model predictions for this region. We observed a two year delay in microbial responses to supplemental precipitation treatments. In Years 3-5, higher microbial biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizae abundance, and soil enzyme C and P acquisition activities were observed in the supplemental water plots even during extended drought periods. In Years 5-7, available soil P was consistently lower in the watered plots compared to control plots. Shifts in soil P corresponded to higher fungal abundances, microbial C utilization activity, and soil pH. This study demonstrated that 25% shifts in seasonal rainfall can significantly influence soil microbial and nutrient properties, which in turn may have long-term effects on nutrient cycling and plant P uptake in this desert grassland. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-10-13
    Description: [1]  We describe variations in total electron content (TEC) in the North American sector exhibiting pronounced longitudinal progression and symmetry with respect to zero magnetic declination. Patterns were uncovered by applying an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition procedure to a 12 year ground-based American longitude sector GPS TEC data set. The first EOF mode describes overall average TEC, while the strong influence of geomagnetic declination on the midlatitude ionosphere is found in the second EOF mode (or the second most significant component). We find a high degree of correlation between spatial variations in the second EOF mode and vertical drifts driven by thermospheric zonal winds, along with well-organized temporal variation. Results strongly suggest a causative mechanism involving varying declination with longitude along with varying zonal wind climatology with local time, season, and solar cycle. This study highlights the efficiency and key role played by the geomagnetic field effect in influencing mesoscale ionospheric structures over a broad midlatitude range.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-12-04
    Description: Background: Vitis vinifera L. is one of society's most important agricultural crops with a broad genetic variability. The difficulty in recognizing grapevine genotypes based on ampelographic traits and secondary metabolites prompted the development of molecular markers suitable for achieving variety genetic identification.FindingsHere, we propose a comparison between a multi-locus barcoding approach based on six chloroplast markers and a single-copy nuclear gene sequencing method using five coding regions combined with a character-based system with the aim of reconstructing cultivar-specific haplotypes and genotypes to be exploited for the molecular characterization of 157 V. vinifera accessions. The analysis of the chloroplast target regions proved the inadequacy of the DNA barcoding approach at the subspecies level, and hence further DNA genotyping analyses were targeted on the sequences of five nuclear single-copy genes amplified across all of the accessions. The sequencing of the coding region of the UFGT nuclear gene (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-0-glucosyltransferase, the key enzyme for the accumulation of anthocyanins in berry skins) enabled the discovery of discriminant SNPs (1/34 bp) and the reconstruction of 130 V. vinifera distinct genotypes. Most of the genotypes proved to be cultivar-specific, and only few genotypes were shared by more, although strictly related, cultivars. Conclusion: On the whole, this technique was successful for inferring SNP-based genotypes of grapevine accessions suitable for assessing the genetic identity and ancestry of international cultivars and also useful for corroborating some hypotheses regarding the origin of local varieties, suggesting several issues of misidentification (synonymy/homonymy).
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0500
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-07-26
    Description: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria exhibit high oxidative capacity and abundant expression of both electron transport chain components and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). UCP1 dissipates the mitochondrial proton motive force (Δp) generated by the respiratory chain and increases thermogenesis. Here we find that in mice genetically lacking UCP1, cold-induced activation...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-09-07
    Description: Water, Vol. 9, Pages 672: Phosphate Removal from Agricultural Tile Drainage with Iron Enhanced Sand Water doi: 10.3390/w9090672 Authors: Andrew Erickson John Gulliver Peter Weiss Can iron enhanced sand filtration capture total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus (phosphate) from agricultural tile drainage? A monitoring study measured the total phosphorus and phosphate capture performance of an iron enhanced sand filter (IESF) installed to treat agricultural tile drainage in Wright County, MT, USA. Overall, for natural rainfall-induced tile drainage events monitored between June and November 2015 and again in 2016, the IESF captured 66% ± 7% (α = 0.05, n = 21) of the influent total phosphorus mass and 64% ± 8% (α = 0.05, n = 31) of the influent phosphate mass. Removal of total phosphorus and phosphate was approximately uniform for large and small rainfall-induced tile drainage events and varied from 42% to 95% for total phosphorus and 9% to 87% for phosphate. The IESF treated 290 m of treated depth since installation, and results indicate that performance is similar or better than constructed wetlands or other IESFs, though not as good as laboratory experiments of IESFs. Routine and non-routine maintenance was performed throughout the project to ensure adequate phosphorus capture and flow rate through the IESF.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Mitochondrial ROS regulate thermogenic energy expenditure and sulfenylation of UCP1 Nature 532, 7597 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17399 Authors: Edward T. Chouchani, Lawrence Kazak, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Gina Z. Lu, Brian K. Erickson, John Szpyt, Kerry A. Pierce, Dina Laznik-Bogoslavski, Ramalingam Vetrivelan, Clary B. Clish, Alan J. Robinson, Steve P. Gygi & Bruce M. Spiegelman Brown and beige adipose tissues can dissipate chemical energy as heat through thermogenic respiration, which requires uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Thermogenesis from these adipocytes can combat obesity and diabetes, encouraging investigation of factors that control UCP1-dependent respiration in vivo. Here we show that acutely activated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is defined by a substantial increase in levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Remarkably, this process supports in vivo thermogenesis, as pharmacological depletion of mitochondrial ROS results in hypothermia upon cold exposure, and inhibits UCP1-dependent increases in whole-body energy expenditure. We further establish that thermogenic ROS alter the redox status of cysteine thiols in brown adipose tissue to drive increased respiration, and that Cys253 of UCP1 is a key target. UCP1 Cys253 is sulfenylated during thermogenesis, while mutation of this site desensitizes the purine-nucleotide-inhibited state of the carrier to adrenergic activation and uncoupling. These studies identify mitochondrial ROS induction in brown adipose tissue as a mechanism that supports UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure, which opens the way to improved therapeutic strategies for combating metabolic disorders.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-08-18
    Description: Corrigendum: Mitochondrial ROS regulate thermogenic energy expenditure and sulfenylation of UCP1 Nature 536, 7616 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18279 Authors: Edward T. Chouchani, Lawrence Kazak, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Gina Z. Lu, Brian K. Erickson, John Szpyt, Kerry A. Pierce, Dina Laznik-Bogoslavski, Ramalingam Vetrivelan, Clary B. Clish, Alan J. Robinson, Steve P. Gygi & Bruce M. Spiegelman Nature532, 112–116 (2016); doi:10.1038/nature17399In this Letter, owing to a typographical error, Fig. 4h was erroneously referred to as Fig. 4j in the text and in the Fig. 4 legend. This error has been corrected online.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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