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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport. (2002)
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    Details
    Keywords: Atmospheric diffusion--Mathematical models. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book describes mathematical techniques for interpreting measurements of greenhouse gases in order to learn about their sources and sinks. It is aimed at researchers and graduate students embarking upon studies in this area. Established researchers will also find its extensive referencing invaluable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (410 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781139147958
    Series Statement: Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=217899
    DDC: 628.53015118
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Part A Principles -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Atmospheric inversion problems -- 1.3 Uncertainty analysis -- 1.4 Toy models -- Further reading -- Notes on exercises -- Exercises for Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 Atmospheric transport and transport models -- 2.1 The structure and circulation ofthe atmosphere -- 2.2 Tracer transport -- 2.3 Mathematical modelling of transport -- 2.4 Transforming the mathematical model -- 2.5 Transport models and GCMs -- Reasons for running off-line -- Reasons for running on-line -- 2.6 Numerical analysis -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 Estimation -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Bayesian estimation -- 3.3 Properties of estimators -- 3.3.1 Generic properties -- 3.3.2 Linear estimators -- 3.3.3 Bayesian least-squares -- 3.4 Bayesian least-squares as MPD -- 3.5 Communicating uncertainty -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 Time-series estimation -- 4.1 Time series -- 4.2 Digital filtering -- 4.3 Time-series analysis -- 4.4 State-space estimation -- The statistical model -- Estimation -- Two-sided estimation -- Overview -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 Observations of atmospheric composition -- 5.1 Measurement of trace constituents -- 5.1.1 Sampling -- 5.1.2 Measurement techniques -- 5.1.3 Measurement issues -- 5.2 Data processing -- 5.3 Data analysis -- 5.4 Error modelling -- 5.4.1 Classification -- 5.4.2 Time-domain models -- 5.4.3 Relations between time series -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 The sources and sinks -- 6.1 Classification -- 6.2 What do we want to know? -- 6.3 Types of information -- 6.4 Process models -- Some types of models for use in prognostic mode -- Examples of models with primarily diagnostic roles. , 6.5 Statistical characteristics -- 6.6 Global constraints -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 Problem formulation -- 7.1 Problems and tools -- 7.2 Studying sources -- 7.3 Data assimilation -- 7.4 Chemical-data assimilation -- 7.5 Related inverse problems -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 Ill-conditioning -- 8.1 Characteristics of inverse problems -- The linear inverse problem -- Regularisation using the SVD -- Estimation of surface fluxes -- 8.2 Classification of inverse problems -- Numerical differentiation -- Classification -- Estimating surface sources from surface concentrations -- Estimating surface sources from vertically averaged concentrations -- Free-atmosphere sources from surface concentrations -- Incorporating extra constraints -- Deconvolution -- Alternative presentations of flux estimates -- 8.3 Resolution and discretisation -- Aspects of resolution -- A correction for discretisation error -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 Analysis of model error -- 9.1 Model error -- Identifying model error -- Model error expressed through parameters -- 9.2 Large-scale transport error -- 9.3 Selection of data in models -- 9.4 Errors in the statistical model -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 Green's functions and synthesis inversion -- 10.1 Green's functions -- The general formalism -- Green's functions for atmospheric transport -- 10.2 limiting Green function for atmospheric transport -- 10.3 Synthesis inversion -- 10.4 A history of development -- 10.5 Multi-species analysis -- Global budgeting -- Isotopic budgeting -- Isofluxes -- The significance for inversions -- 10.6 Adjoint methods -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 Time-stepping inversions -- 11.1 Mass-balance inversions -- Advantages of mass-balance inversion. , Disadvantages of mass-balance inversions -- 11.2 State-space representations -- 11.3 Time-stepping synthesis -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 Non-linear inversion techniques -- 12.1 Principles -- Estimating noise in data -- Non-linear models -- 12.2 Linear programming -- Robust estimation -- The box-car distribution -- 12.3 Other special solutions -- Random transport -- Multi-tracer analysis: the tracer-ratio method -- 12.4 Process inversion -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 12 -- Chapter 13 Experimental design -- 13.1 Concepts -- 13.2 Applications -- 13.3 Network design -- Further reading -- Exercises for Chapter 13 -- Part B Recent applications -- Chapter 14 Global carbon dioxide -- 14.1 Background -- Classification of fluxes -- 14.2 Multi-tracer analysis of global budgets -- The oxygen budget -- Isotopic flux budgets -- Implications for inversions -- 14.3 Time-dependent budgeting -- 14.4 Results of inversions -- Requirements -- Spatial distributions -- Interannual variation -- Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 15 Global methane -- 15.1 Issues -- 15.2 Inversion techniques -- 15.3 Chemical schemes -- 15.4 Results of inversions -- Further reading -- Chapter 16 Halocarbons and other global-scale studies -- 16.1 Issues -- 16.2 Estimation of sources -- 16.3 Tropospheric and stratospheric sinks -- 16.3.1 Lifetimes -- 16.3.2 Tropospheric hydroxyl -- 16.3.3 A linearised sensitivity study -- 16.4 Other surface fluxes -- Further reading -- Chapter 17 Regional inversions -- 17.1 General issues -- 17.2 Types of inversion -- 17.2.1 Tracer ratios -- 17.2.2 Boundary integration -- 17.2.3 Green's function -- 17.2.4 Fitting variability -- 17.2.5 Combining the approaches -- 17.3 Some applications -- 17.3.1 Tracer-ratio estimates of sources -- 17.3.2 Tracer-ratio estimates of sinks. , 17.3.3 Green-function/synthesis estimates of sources -- 17.3.4 Other estimates of sources -- 17.4 Carbon dioxide -- Further reading -- Chapter 18 Constraining atmospheric transport -- 18.1 Principles -- 18.2 Stratospheric transport -- 18.3 Tropospheric transport -- 18.3.1 Model tuning -- 18.3.2 Time-scales for tropospheric transport -- 18.3.3 Rectifier effects -- 18.3.4 ENSO-related changes -- 18.3.5 Input of stratospheric air into the troposphere -- Further reading -- Chapter 19 Conclusions -- Appendix A Notation -- Appendix B Numerical data -- B.1 Data bases -- B.2 Biogeochemical parameters -- B.3 Numerical values for toy models -- Appendix C Abbreviations and acronyms -- Appendix D Glossary -- Appendix E Data-source acknowledgements -- Solutions to exercises -- The solutions -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inverse problems in atmospheric constituent transport (2002)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models. ; Dynamic meteorology Mathematical models. ; Inverse problems (Differential equations) ; Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models ; Dynamic meteorology Mathematical models ; Inverse problems (Differential equations) ; Dynamic meteorology Mathematical models ; Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models ; Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models. ; Dynamic meteorology Mathematical models. ; Inverse problems (Differential equations) ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Environmental ; Pollution Control ; Dynamic meteorology ; Mathematical models ; Inverse problems (Differential equations) ; Atmospheric diffusion ; Mathematical models ; Atmospheric diffusion ; Mathematical models ; Dynamic meteorology ; Mathematical models ; Inverse problems (Differential equations) ; Atmosphäre ; Inverses Problem ; Transport ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Electronic book ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Atmosphäre ; Dynamische Meteorologie ; Mathematisches Modell
    Description / Table of Contents: Principles -- Atmospheric transport and transport models -- Estimation -- Time series estimation -- Observations of atmospheric composition -- The sources and sinks -- Problem formulation -- Ill-conditioning -- Analysis of model error -- Green's functions and synthesis inversion -- Time-stepping inversions -- Non-linear inversion techniques -- Experimental design -- Recent Applications -- Global carbon dioxide -- Global methane -- Halocarbons and other global-scale studies -- Regional inversions -- Constraining atmospheric transport
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: xv, 392 p , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Boulder, Colo NetLibrary 2004 Online-Ressource E-Books von NetLibrary
    ISBN: 0511064578 , 9780521812108 , 0521812100 , 9780511064579 , 0511058241 , 9780511058240 , 0511073038 , 9780511073038
    Series Statement: Cambridge atmospheric and space science series
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=120229
    URL: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=120229
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9780511064579.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 352-388) and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2004 , Principles -- Atmospheric transport and transport models -- Estimation -- Time series estimation -- Observations of atmospheric composition -- The sources and sinks -- Problem formulation -- Ill-conditioning -- Analysis of model error -- Green's functions and synthesis inversion -- Time-stepping inversions -- Non-linear inversion techniques -- Experimental design -- Recent Applications -- Global carbon dioxide -- Global methane -- Halocarbons and other global-scale studies -- Regional inversions -- Constraining atmospheric transport
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  • 3
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    Inverse problems in atmospheric constituent transport (2002)
    Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Atmospheric diffusion, Mathematical models. ; Dynamic meteorology, Mathematical models. ; Inverse problems (Differential equations)
    Notes: Principles -- Atmospheric transport and transport models -- Estimation -- Time series estimation -- Observations of atmospheric composition -- The sources and sinks -- Problem formulation -- Ill-conditioning -- Analysis of model error -- Green's functions and synthesis inversion -- Time-stepping inversions -- Non-linear inversion techniques -- Experimental design -- Recent Applications -- Global carbon dioxide -- Global methane -- Halocarbons and other global-scale studies -- Regional inversions -- Constraining atmospheric transport
    Pages: xv, 392 p.
    ISBN: 0-511-06457-8
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120229
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global distribution and southern hemispheric trends of atmospheric CCl 3 F (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 302 (1983), S. 692-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cumulative CC13F emissions including 1979 are 2.1% higher than used in a previous study5, based on a revised estimate of global releases up to 1980 6, incorporating previously unaccounted for CC13F losses at production sites (1.5% increase in total emissions over the period 1935-79), enhanced ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/302692a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lattice statistics model for the age distribution of air bubbles in polar ice (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 315 (1985), S. 654-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In order to represent the relation between atmospheric concentrations and bubble concentrations, a negative time variable z (in years) is introduced. The variable z increases with depth and has its origin at the present (that is, the time at which the ice core was extracted). The atmospheric ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315654a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982 (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 373 (1995), S. 326-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We employ a simplified version of the global carbon and 13C budgets developed by Tans et al.4, to explore changes in d(δ13C)/ d/, where t is time. The budget relies on the fact7 that the product of total carbon and its isotopic ratio (Cxδ13C) is a conservative quantity in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373326a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greenhouse budgets (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 468-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sirâáá¤Hammond et al. suggest1 that for political purposes the relative importance of greenhouse gas emissions from various countries should be based on the observed rate of increase of atmospheric concentraÂá-tion rather than on calculated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349468a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effective age of bubbles in polar ice (1985)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 123 (1985), S. 777-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Firn closure ; atmospheric composition ; bubble trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical description of the trapping of air bubbles in polar ice is analysed in order to assist in the interpretation of measurements of anthropogenic constituents which have recently increased on time scales comparable to the firn closure time. The effective age of a layer of ice is defined in terms of the time at which the atmospheric concentration of a constitutent was equal to the mean concentration for bubbles found in that layer. Under the assumption of uniform snow deposition at a particular site, the effective age is found to be the same for all constituents that vary linearly throughout the trapping period for a layer. Using a trapping distribution based on theoretical and observational studies, the corrections for non-linearity are found to be small for typical anthropogenic constituents. This property makes it possible to use smoothly increasing tracers such as the chlorofluorcarbons to determine the effective age empirically, even though, it is an extremely poorly-conditioned problem to determine the entire trapping time distribution function by inversion of tracer concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green's functions and response functions in geochemical modelling (1985)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 123 (1985), S. 328-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Greens function ; Geochemical modelling ; Atmospheric chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The use of Green's functions and response functions in modelling atmospheric and oceanic tracers is discussed. It is shown that low-resolution Green's function representations can describe tracer distributions more accurately than low-resolution models. The Green's function formalism is also used to discuss the problem of determining surface CO2 sources from observations of surface CO2 concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877027
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interannual variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 4 (1986), S. 125-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; interannual variations ; Southern Oscillation ; El Nino
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for the analysis of the interannual variability of background atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. The analysis is carried out on the data from 6 observatories for which records of 〉8 years were available. A global-scale interannual variation of CO2 concentration in the troposphere with a characteristic time-scale of 2–3 years has been confirmed throughout the period of the records. These variations are estimated to be associated with carbon cycle imbalances of 2–3 Gt or annual net exchanges between the atmosphere and another carbon reservoir(s) at a rate of about 1.2 Gt of carbon per year. Lag correlations and amplitude comparisons between the records suggests a low latitude southern hemisphere origin to this phenomenon. The interannual variations of CO2 increase are found to be correlated with those observed in data for Pacific sea surface temperatures and Pacific witd stress, the Southern Oscillation Index and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. However multiple regression studies found that once the Southern Oscillation index is used as an explanatory variable for CO2 variations, the inclusion of additional geophysical variables does not give any significant improvement in the regression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053775
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