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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence of aerobic chemotrophic and anaerobic phototrophic sulfur bacteria under oxygen limitation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The aerobic chemotrophic sulfur bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus T5 and the anaerobic phototrophic sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina M1 were co-cultured in continuously illuminated chemostats at a dilution rate of 0.05 h−1. Sulfide was the only externally supplied electron donor, and oxygen and carbon dioxide served as electron acceptor and carbon source, respectively. Steady states were obtained with oxygen supplies ranging from non-limiting amounts (1.6 mol O2 per mol sulfide, resulting in sulfide limitation) to severe limitation (0.65 mol O2 per mol sulfide). Under sulfide limitation Thiocapsa was competitively excluded by Thiobacillus and washed out. Oxygen/sulfide ratios between 0.65 and 1.6 resulted in stable coexistence. It could be deduced that virtually all sulfide was oxidized by Thiobacillus. The present experiments showed that Thiocapsa is able to grow phototrophically on the partially oxidized products of Thiobacillus. In pure Thiobacillus cultures in steady state extracellular zerovalent sulfur accumulated, in contrast to mixed cultures. This suggests that a soluble form of sulfur at the oxidation state of elemental sulfur is formed by Thiobacillus as intermediate. As a result, under oxygen limitation colorless sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria do not competitively exclude each other but can coexist. It was shown that its ability to use partially oxidized sulfur compounds, formed under oxygen limiting conditions by Thiobacillus, helps explain the bloom formation of Thiocapsa in marine microbial mats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00207.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntrophic growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria during oxygen limitation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 23 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stable co-cultures of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans PA2805 and the colorless sulfur bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus T5 were obtained in continuous cultures supplied with limiting amounts of lactate and oxygen while sulfate was present in excess. Neither species could grow in pure culture under these conditions. Desulfovibrio could grow only when the oxygen concentration was kept low by Thiobacillus. Zerovalent sulfur (S0) produced by Thiobacillus was preferred over sulfate as electron acceptor by Desulfovibrio, but the affinity for S0 seemed to be rather low. This substrate was more efficiently used when sulfide was present suggesting that S0 is preferably used in the form of polysulfides. Through the use of S0 as electron acceptor the sulfide production per lactate by Desulfovibrio was four times higher than with sulfate as acceptor. Thiobacillus produces less sulfate and more S0 when the amount of sulfide available per oxygen increases. The elevated sulfide production by Desulfovibrio thus resulted in an increase of the S0 production by Thiobacillus, again leading to a further increase of the sulfide production. This positive feedback mechanism stabilizes the syntrophic association. The yield on lactate of Desulfovibrio was doubled in the mixed culture compared with growth on lactate and sulfate in pure culture. This yield increase was attributed to the use of zerovalent sulfur instead of sulfate as electron acceptor. Both organisms were thus shown to benefit from a syntrophic interaction in which lactate was oxidized with oxygen, with a rapid cycling of sulfide and zerovalent sulfur serving the transfer of reducing equivalents between the species. These observations shed some light on the occurrence of colorless sulfur bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria at the same depth horizons in microbial mats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00392.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical simulation of the interactions among cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria and chemotrophic sulfur bacteria in microbial mat communities (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: A deterministic one-dimensional reaction diffusion model was constructed to simulate benthic stratification patterns and population dynamics of cyanobacteria, purple and colorless sulfur bacteria as found in marine microbial mats. The model involves the major biogeochemical processes of the sulfur cycle and includes growth metabolism and their kinetic parameters as described from laboratory experimentation. Hence, the metabolic production and consumption processes are coupled to population growth. The model is used to calculate benthic oxygen, sulfide and light profiles and to infer spatial relationships and interactions among the different populations. Furthermore, the model is used to explore the effect of different abiotic and biotic environmental parameters on the community structure. A strikingly clear pattern emerged of the interaction between purple and colorless sulfur bacteria: either colorless sulfur bacteria dominate or a coexistence is found of colorless and purple sulfur bacteria. The model predicts that purple sulfur bacteria only proliferate when the studied environmental parameters surpass well-defined threshold levels. However, once the appropriate conditions do occur, the purple sulfur bacteria are extremely successful as their biomass outweighs that of colorless sulfur bacteria by a factor of up to 17. The typical stratification pattern predicted closely resembles the often described bilayer communities which comprise a layer of purple sulfur bacteria below a cyanobacterial top-layer; colorless sulfur bacteria are predicted to sandwich in between both layers. The profiles of oxygen and sulfide shift on a diel basis similarly as observed in real systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00136.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfide oxidation under oxygen limitation by a thiobacillus thioparus isolated from a marine microbial mat (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 13 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The colorless sulfur bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus T5, isolated from a marine microbial mat, was grown in continuous culture under conditions ranging from sulfide limitation to oxygen limitation. Under sulfide-limiting conditions, sulfide was virtually completely oxidized to sulfate. Under oxygen-limiting conditions, sulfide was partially oxidized to zerovalent sulfur (75%) and thiosulfate (17%). In addition, low concentrations of tetrathionate and polysulfide were detected. The finding of in vivo thiosulfate formation supports the discredited observations of thiosulfate formation in cell free extracts in the early sixties. In a microbial mat most sulfide oxidation was shown to take place under oxygen-limiting conditions. It is suggested that zerovalent sulfur formation by thiobacilli is a major process resulting in polysulfide accumulation. Implications for the competition between colorless sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00052.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria in a microbial mat (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 10 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1992.tb01648.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria in a microbial mat (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 101 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The populations of chemolithoautotrophic (colorless) sulfur bacteria and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria were enumerated in a marine microbial mat. The highest population densities were found in the 0–5 mm layer of the mat: 2.0 × 109 cells cm−3 sediment, and 4.0 × 107 cells cm−3 sediment for the colorless sulfur bacteria and phototrophs, respectively. Kinetic parameters for thiosulfate-limited growth were assessed for Thiobacillus thioparus T5 and Thiocapsa roseopersicina M1, both isolated from microbial mats. For Thiobacillus T5, growing at a constant oxygen concentration of 43 μmol l−1, μmax was 0.336 h−1 and Ks 0.8 μmol l−1. Phototrophically grown Thiocapsa strain M1 displayed a μmax of 0.080 h−1 and a Ks of 8 μmol l−1 when anoxically grown under thiosulfate limitation. In a competition experiment with thiosulfate as electron donor, Thiocapsa became dominant during a 10-h oxic/14-h anoxic regimen at continuous illumination, despite the higher affinity for thiosulfate of Thiobacillus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05761.x
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