Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Problem Statement and Research Issues -- References -- 2: Methods, Environmental Targets, and Governance Problems -- 2.1 Environmental Targets - Basis for Behavioural and Governance Findings -- 2.2 Terminology and Epistemology: Misunderstandings About What Is and What Ought to Be, Objective and Subjective, Values and Normative Aspects of Sustainability Research -- 2.3 Is It Necessary to Complement (Qualitative and Quantitative) Empiricist Methods of Analysis from Human Scientific (Behavioural and Governance) Research? -- 2.4 Integrated Methodology and Crucial Behavioural Insights into Human Motivation -- 2.5 Does Human Motivation only Explain Individual Behaviour or Social Developments Including Governance Problems as Well? -- 2.6 Typical Governance Problems, Based on Behaviour Analyses -- 2.7 Focus on Transnational Level and Crucial Issues of Instruments - Insights from Debates on Negative Emissions on Wetlands and Geoengineering -- References -- 3: Forest History and Related Ideas in Society, Economy, and Law -- 3.1 Early Forest History: Evolution, First Land-Use Systems and Human Population -- 3.1.1 How Forests Evolved -- 3.1.2 Forests and Settlement Patterns -- 3.1.3 Forest Cover and Human Population -- 3.2 Forests and Resource Supply: Wood, Food, Energy -- 3.2.1 Food and Farming, Heat and Housing -- 3.2.2 From Tools to Crafts to Industries -- 3.2.3 Wood Shortage: Regulation, Technology, and (Instrumentalised) Fears -- 3.3 Forests and Power: From Free Use to Possession to Subject of Regulation -- 3.3.1 Forests in Possession: Community, Royal and Manorial Forests -- 3.3.2 Forests as Subjects of Regulations: Rights of Disposal and Rights of Use -- 3.3.3 Enforcement of Forest Regulations: Forest Police and Forest Administration. , 3.3.4 Effects of Forest Regulations: Conflicts, Conservation and Consciousness -- 3.4 Forests and Forestry: Reforestation and the Cradle of Sustainability -- 3.4.1 The Beginnings of Forestry and Reforestation -- 3.4.2 Forestry as the Cradle of Sustainability -- 3.4.3 The Beginnings of Forest Science and the End of Secondary Uses -- 3.4.4 Impacts of (Sustainable) Forestry on Forest Conservation -- 3.4.5 Impacts of Industrialisation, Colonialisation, and Early Globalisation -- 3.5 Forests as a Cultural Asset: Myths, Identity and Ideology in German Forest History -- 3.5.1 The Myth of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest -- 3.5.2 Germans in Search of Identity or: Forest Romanticism -- 3.5.3 "Eternal Forest - Eternal People": Forest Ideology of German National Socialists -- 3.5.4 Effects of Ideological Ideas on the Forest -- 3.6 Forest Ideas Today: Multifunctional Solution for Multiple Crises? -- 3.6.1 State, Ownership and Multifunctional Use of Forests Today -- 3.6.2 Multifunctionality vs. Conservation? Forests Between Solution and Protection -- 3.6.3 Ideas and Action by the Private Sector, Academics and Civil Society -- 3.7 Interim Conclusion -- References -- 4: Potential and Limits of Forest Ecosystems on Climate and Biodiversity Protection and Implications for the Legislative Process -- 4.1 The Importance of and Risks for Existing Forest Ecosystems -- 4.1.1 Importance of the World's Forest Ecosystems -- 4.1.2 Drivers of Forest Loss and Forest Degradation -- 4.1.3 Interim Conclusion and Derivable Policy Implications -- 4.2 A Critical Review of Natural Scientific Data on Forests in the Climate Discourse and Implications for the Legislative Process -- 4.2.1 Emission Saving Potential of Forests, Interlinkages with Biodiversity Protection and Depictability. , 4.2.2 Afforestation and Reforestation - A Cheap and Feasible Solution to Combat the Climate Crisis? On False Hopes and the Problem of Depicting -- 4.2.3 Interim Conclusion and Derivable Policy Implications -- 4.3 Interim Conclusion -- References -- 5: Governance Analysis - Existing Regulations and Their Effectiveness -- 5.1 International Policy Level -- 5.1.1 Legally Binding Multilateral Environmental Agreements -- 5.1.1.1 Convention on Biological Diversity -- 5.1.1.2 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement -- 5.1.1.3 Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) -- 5.1.1.4 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) -- 5.1.1.5 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands -- 5.1.2 Results-Based Payments to Protect Forests - The Example of REDD+ -- 5.1.2.1 Development of REDD+ and General Functionality -- 5.1.2.2 Design and Financing of the REDD+ Framework -- 5.1.2.3 Calculation of Emission Reductions and Removals by Sinks Against a Forest Reference Level -- 5.1.2.4 Carbon Credits - Tradability and Competitiveness Between Private REDD+ Credits and Results-Based Payments to States -- 5.1.2.5 Discussion and Critical Assessment of the Effectiveness of REDD+ Concerning Forest Protection -- 5.1.3 Non-legally Binding International Law -- 5.1.3.1 Sustainable Development Goals -- 5.1.3.2 International Agreements on Forest Protection and Global Forest Goals -- 5.1.3.3 International Declarations to Halt Deforestation -- 5.1.3.4 Forest Certification Schemes -- 5.1.4 Interim Conclusion on International Forest Policy -- 5.2 Supranational Policy Level - Further EU Legislation on Forests and Their Management -- 5.2.1 EU Strategies Related to Forests and Their Management -- 5.2.2 The LULUCF Regulation as One Pillar of the EU Climate and Energy Framework. , 5.2.2.1 Accounting Rules Concerning Different Land-Use Categories -- 5.2.2.2 Accounting Rules - Other Than Managed Forests Land -- 5.2.2.3 Accounting Rules - Managed Forest Land -- 5.2.2.4 Flexible Mechanisms -- 5.2.2.5 Interim Conclusion on the Status Quo of the LULUCF Regulation -- 5.2.2.6 Legal Proposal to Amend the LULUCF Regulation -- 5.2.3 Renewable Energy Directive II - Impact on Forest Ecosystems -- 5.2.3.1 Status Quo -- 5.2.3.2 Critical Assessment of the Sustainability Criteria -- 5.2.3.3 Interim Conclusion on the RED II Directive -- 5.2.3.4 Legal Proposal to Amend the Renewable Energy Directive (RED III) -- 5.2.4 EU Timber Regulation & -- FLEGT -- 5.2.5 Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Law -- 5.2.6 Common Agricultural Policy -- 5.2.7 Further Directives, Legal Proposals on Due Diligence and Forest Information System for Europe -- 5.2.8 Interim Conclusion on EU Legislation -- 5.3 Interim Conclusion -- References -- 6: Enhanced Governance Options for Regulatory and Economic Instruments -- 6.1 Governance Problems and Limits to Quantity Governance Directly Aimed at Forests - and Potentials for (Limited) Improvements by Regulatory Law -- 6.2 Quantity Governance Addressing the Drivers of Deforestation (Livestock, Fossil Fuels) -- 6.3 Additional Role of Subsidies and Regulatory Law - and Developing a Definition for Sustainable Forest Management -- 6.4 Outlook -- References -- Summary -- Glossary of Environmental Humanities -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Mission Statement: New Series Environmental Humanities - Transformation, Governance, Ethics, Law -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Problem and Fundaments -- 1.1 Problem: Economic Evaluation and the Empiricist Paradigm - Attempts to Rationalize Decisions Without Ethics -- 1.2 Concepts: Economic Evaluation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Related Approaches Such as Economic Ethics - and Their Methods, Especially in Climate Protection -- 1.3 Further Background: Sustainability and Climate Protection -- 1.4 Epistemological and Methodological Remarks: Objective vs. Subjective, Is vs. Ought, Genesis vs. Validity, Normative vs. Instrumental and Theoretical Rationality -- References -- 2: Idea-Historical Foundations and Dubious (Standard) Objections to Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 2.1 Philosophical and Historical Foundations of an Empiricism of Normativity in the Form of Cost-Benefit Analysis -- 2.1.1 From Nominalism and Calvinism to Hobbes and the Beginnings of Epistemological Empiricism - First Highlight -- 2.1.2 From Hume to Smith and the Economic Classics - Second Highlight -- 2.2 Why Common Criticisms of Cost-Benefit Analysis and Their Empiricist/Utilitarian Basis in Ethics Are Not Convincing -- 2.2.1 Homo Oeconomicus, Bounded Rationality, Behavioral Economics and the Blending of Descriptive Anthropology and Normative Theory -- 2.2.2 Criticism of Cost-Benefit Analysis as Normative and Therefore Unscientific and Subjective Theory -- 2.2.3 Criticism of Balancing (or Consequentialism) as Such in the Tradition of Kantian Criticism of Utilitarianism -- 2.2.4 Criticism of Quantification with Reference to Humans and Nature per se and of a Price for Environmental Goods -- 2.2.5 Criticism of Lack of Information - And to the Effect That Scientific Uncertainties Lead to Skewed Assessments on the Part of Scientists. , 2.2.6 Criticism of the Concept of Utility as Well as Hidden Distributive Justice - True vs. False Utility and Intrinsic vs. Merely Instrumental Values -- 2.2.7 Criticism of Individualism -- 2.2.8 Criticism of Economic Policy Instruments - Necessarily Connected with (Criticism of) Economic Evaluation? -- 2.2.9 Marxist Criticism of Capitalism and Conservative Criticism of Modernity - Argument Against Cost-Benefit Analysis? -- References -- 3: Frictions on the Application Level: Costs and Benefits, Discounting, Uncertainty, Fact Base -- 3.1 Frictions of the Determination of Explicit and Implicit Preferences Respectively Costs and Benefits -- 3.2 Problems of Economic Dealing with Risk and Uncertainty -- 3.3 Problems of the Debate on Discounting -- 3.4 Frictions of the Empirical Foundations: Especially on the Technology and Growth Orientation of Cost-Benefit Analysis -- References -- 4: Collision of the Cost-Benefit Analysis with Liberal-Democratic Basic Principles and the Claim of Validity of Law -- 4.1 Common Economic Views on Law - And Legal Views on Economic Approaches, Taking into Account the Relationship Between (Interpretation of) Law and Ethics -- 4.2 Claim of Validity of Law and Representative Democracy -- 4.3 Legal Balancing Rules as a Means of Limiting the Scope of Political Decision-Making - And the Extent to Which They Contain Cost-Benefit-Analytical Yardsticks -- References -- 5: Cost-Benefit Analysis Without Convincing Theoretical Basis -- 5.1 Theoretical Frictions of Cost-Benefit Analysis as Empiricist Ethics - And (Heterodox) Discourse-Ethical Alternatives -- 5.2 Economic Ethics: Modified Empiricist/Utilitarian Ethics Instead of Cost-Benefit Analysis as Way Out? -- 5.3 Analogous Problems of Crypto-Natural Scientific Risk-Benefit Analyses and Sustainability Indicators -- References. , 6: Remaining Relevance of Cost-Benefit Elements in Balancing -- 6.1 Sociology: Why Is Insight into the Limits of Common Economics so Little Received? -- 6.2 Why a Deflated Cost-Benefit Analysis Nevertheless Remains Useful for Ethics and Law - And a Conclusion -- References -- Summary -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0608 A-O. - Verbund-Nr. 01073496

Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0608 A-O. - Verbund-Nr. 01073496