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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (243 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642705021
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 513-519 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The rapid development of molecular biology has brought the biology and chemistry of informational macromolecules to the attention of medical disciplines. Therefore, an attempt was made to review our current knowledge on the metabolism of RNA in the mammalian cell. The basic aspects of structure and function of nucleic acids are briefly discussed and a number of analytical and preparative methods frequently employed in nucleic acid research is described. It is emphasized that the principal understanding of such methods as zone sedimentation, the determination of nucleotide composition, and DNA-RNA hybridization is necessary for a critical evaluation of the commonly practiced classification of RNA on the basis of functional and biochemical criteria. The term “messenger RNA” applies only to RNA which carries information for protein synthesis. Such RNA species have a DNA-like base composition, are polydisperse, stimulate protein synthesis in cell free systems, and can form hybrids with one stranded DNA in high yields. Ribosomal RNA is a major structural element of ribosomes. It is synthesized in the nucleoli as a 45 S precursor which is subsequently subjected to a number of metabolic transformations. From ribosomes it can be extracted as 28 S and 18 S RNA. A high proportion of guanine and cytosine and the occurrence of methylated bases are characteristics of this RNA type. Transfer RNA specifically binds defined amino acids and is involved in the translation of messenger RNA into ordered peptide chains. A number of RNA species have been separated from the categories mentioned on the basis of biochemical criteria. Their function is a yet unknown. The possible implications of future research on RNA synthesis and on regulatory mechanisms for medicine are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die schnelle Entwicklung der Molekularbiologie hat die Biologie und Chemie informationstragender Makromoleküle auch dem Gesichtskreis der Medizin genähert. Dies war Anlaß zu einer zusammenfassenden Darstellung des RNS-Stoffwechsels der Säugetierzelle. Zunächst werden grundlegende Aspekte der Struktur und Funktion von Nucleinsäuren besprochen, dann folgt eine Beschreibung der wichtigsten analytischen und präparativen Methoden, denen wir unsere Kenntnisse über den RNS-Stoffwechsel verdanken. Erst das prinzipielle Verständnis einiger Methoden wie z. B. der Sedimentationsanalyse von Nucleinsäuren, der Bestimmung von Nucleotidhäufigkeiten und der DNS-RNS Hybridisierung ermöglicht eine kritische Beurteilung der heute üblichen Einteilung der RNS in verschiedene Gruppen nach funktionellen und biochemischen Gesichtspunkten. Als messenger-RNS kann nur solche RNS angesprochen werden, die genetische Information für die Synthese von Protein enthält. Diese RNS hat eine DNS-ähnliche Zusammensetzung, zeichnet sich durch Polydispersität aus, kann die Proteinsynthese in zellfreien Systemen stimulieren und bildet mit einsträngiger DNS in hoher Ausbeute Hybridstränge. Ribosomale RNS ist ein Hauptstukturelement der Ribosomen. Sie entsteht in den Nucleolen als 45 S-RNS und durchläuft bis zu ihrer Inkorporation in die Ribosomen eine Reihe komplizierter Umwandlungen, deren Ablauf in großen Zügen bekannt ist. Sie zeichnet sich durch einen hohen Gehalt an den Basen Cytosin und Guanin und durch die Existenz methylierter Basen aus. Transfer-RNS kann sich spezifisch mit bestimmten Aminosäuren verbinden und dient der Übersetzung der m-RNS in geordnete Peptidketten. Eine Reihe von RNS-Typen mit noch unbekannter Funktion läßt sich aufgrund biochemischer Kriterien von den bereits erwähnten RNS-Hauptgruppen abgrenzen. Die möglichen Auswirkungen einer weiteren Erforschung des RNS-Stoffwechsels der Säugetierzelle auf die Medizin werden anhand einiger Beispiele erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The results of animal experiments and clinical trials in patients with Cushing's disease prompted the use of 6-dehydro-16-methylene-hydrocortisone (STC 407), a new synthetic steroid supposed to exert a strong suppressive effect on ACTH secretion without considerable concomitant peripheral glucocorticoid effects of its own. The effect of STC 407 on cortisol secretion rates and on glucose tolerance of subjects without endocrine disorders was assessed quantitatively and compared with the corresponding effects of fluocortolone and dexamethasone. 30 mg STC 407 were approximately equivalent to 1 mg dexamethasone with respect to the suppression of cortisol secretion rates as well as to the impairment of glucose tolerance. 10 mg fluocortolone were less effective in suppressing cortisol secretion than 45 mg STC 407. At about the same dose ratio, fluocortolone had also less influence on glucose tolerance than did STC 407. With respect to the ratio between suppressive effect and gluconeogenic activity in subjects without adrenal disorders, STC 407 does not seem to be very different from dexamethasone or fluocortolone.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 6-Dehydro-16-Methylen-Hydrocortison (STC 407) ist ein neues synthetisches Steroid, von dem aufgrund tierexperimenteller Beobachtungen und klinischer Untersuchungen an Patienten mit Cushing Syndrom angenommen werden konnte, daß es einen stark bremsenden Effekt auf die ACTH Sekretion ausübt, ohne nennenswerte glucocorticoide Wirkungen in der Körperperipherie zu entfalten. An einer größeren Anzahl von Versuchspersonen mit normaler Nebennierenfunktion wurde die Wirkung von STC 407 auf die 24 Std Cortisolsekretion und auf die Glucosetoleranz quantitativ erfaßt und in Beziehung zu den entsprechenden Wirkungen von Dexamethason und Fluocortolon gesetzt. Es zeigte sich, daß 30 mg STC 407 die Cortisolsekretion etwa in demselben Maße supprimierten wie 1 mg Dexamethason. Diese Dosisrelation galt auch für die unter beiden Steroiden beobachtete Verschlechterung der Glucosetoleranz. 10 mg Fluocortolon unterdrückten die Cortisolsekretion weniger als 45 mg STC 407; in etwa demselben Dosisverhältnis verschlechterte Fluocortolon die Glucosetoleranz allerdings auch weniger deutlich als STC 407. STC 407 scheint sich also weder im Hinblick auf seine supprimierende Wirkung noch hinsichtlich seiner gluconeogenetischen Eigenschaften wesentlich von Fluocortolon und Dexamethason zu unterscheiden. Entsprechend der gewählten Versuchsanordnung gilt diese Aussage allerdings nur für die Verhältnisse bei Versuchspersonen ohne Störung der Nebennierenrindenfunktion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 619-620 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 55 (1968), S. 652-653 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 16 (1998), S. 22-24 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Building value in biotechnology companies depends on management's ability to leverage technologies into ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 15 (1997), S. 1318-1319 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] In more than a century of pharmaceutical development, there has never been a more exciting time for drug research and drug therapy. The search for new drugs is fueled by new technologies that are constantly arriving on the scene. The synthesis of technologies such as combinatorial chemistry, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 14 (1996), S. 1516-1518 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] After a 100 years or so of drug development, the pharmaceutical industry finds itself in a difficult predicament. The environment for developing new therapeutics has changed so radically during the past decade that those companies that persist in the “classic” approach to developing ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 11.1993, 3, S16-, (5 S.) 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Morphology and chemistry are the most successful of all the scientific approaches to interpreting disease and deriving consistent diagnostic and therapeutic methods from such interpretations. Themorphological approach gave rise to a pathological anatomy and to morphological criteria that allowed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 17 (1999), S. 406-406 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] From an anthropological point of view, the practice of science comes out of two possible impulses. One is a desire to understand the world and its manifestations, the other to make the world more habitable and controllable for humankind—to change the world. Both motives have been active ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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