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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrets. (1987)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Biomedical engineering. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (463 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9783540707509
    Series Statement: Topics in Applied Physics Series ; v.33
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6698894
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
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    Blue whale songs worldwide: an update (2017)
    In:  EPIC322nd Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Halifax, Canada, 2017-10
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Blue whales produce regionally-distinct songs. In over a decade since McDonald and colleagues published a summary of biogeographic differences in blue whale songs worldwide, multiple new publications have explored the seasonality and distribution of those songs. We review the spatial and temporal occurrence of previously-defined song types and report several new blue whale song types. At least thirteen songs believed to be produced by blue whales are now known worldwide, five more than reported in the previous review. In the North Pacific Ocean there are three blue whale songs: the well-studied Northeast Pacific song, the Central North Pacific (previously called Northwest and North Pacific) song, and a new song recorded off Hokkaido, Japan. There is spatial overlap of the Northeast Pacific and Central North Pacific songs in the Gulf of Alaska. Similarly, the new song co-occurs with the Central North Pacific song off Hokkaido. Only one blue whale song occurs in the North Atlantic. At least nine songs are present in the Southern Hemisphere. The Antarctic blue whale song is the most widely distributed, occurring in the Southern Ocean as well as seasonally extending into the other oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. The Indian Ocean has the largest variety of blue whale songs, with new data suggesting the Southwest Indian Ocean song should have type locality Madagascar, with Diego Garcia possibly another song-type. Southeast Pacific contains two distinct, co-occurring songs. We report a new song in the South Atlantic, near South Georgia Island, that also occurs seasonally off Ascension Island. Occasionally blue whale songs were recorded outside of their reported range, indicating individuals at times roam more broadly. However, this is not a common occurrence. This new information and finer details of occurrence will enable further development of hypotheses for blue whale population structure based on acoustics.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase-controlled phosphoinositide availability limits VEGFA signaling and vascular morphogenesis (2012)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-13
    Description: Understanding the mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis and translating these into effective therapies are of enormous scientific and clinical interests. In this report, we demonstrate the central role of CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase (CDS) in the regulation of VEGFA signaling and angiogenesis. CDS activity maintains phosphoinositide 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) availability through resynthesis of phosphoinositides, whereas VEGFA, mainly through phospholipase C1, consumes PIP2 for signal transduction. Loss of CDS2, 1 of 2 vertebrate CDS enzymes, results in vascular-specific defects in zebrafish in vivo and failure of VEGFA-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells in vitro. Absence of CDS2 also results in reduced arterial differentiation and reduced angiogenic signaling. CDS2 deficit-caused phenotypes can be successfully rescued by artificial elevation of PIP2 levels, and excess PIP2 or increased CDS2 activity can promote excess angiogenesis. These results suggest that availability of CDS-controlled resynthesis of phosphoinositides is essential for angiogenesis.
    Keywords: Vascular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 4
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    Chronic Blockade of the Androgen Receptor Abolishes Age-Dependent Increases in Blood Pressure in Female Growth-Restricted Rats [Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Androgen Receptor] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: Intrauterine growth restriction induced via placental insufficiency programs a significant increase in blood pressure at 12 months of age in female growth-restricted rats that is associated with early cessation of estrous cyclicity, indicative of premature reproductive senescence. In addition, female growth-restricted rats at 12 months of age exhibit a significant increase in circulating testosterone with no change in circulating estradiol. Testosterone is positively associated with blood pressure after menopause in women. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that androgen receptor blockade would abolish the significant increase in blood pressure that develops with age in female growth-restricted rats. Mean arterial pressure was measured in animals pretreated with and without the androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide (8 mg/kg/day, SC for 2 weeks). Flutamide abolished the significant increase in blood pressure in growth-restricted rats relative to control at 12 months of age. To examine the mechanism(s) by which androgens contribute to increased blood pressure in growth-restricted rats, blood pressure was assessed in rats untreated or treated with enalapril (250 mg/L for 2 weeks). Enalapril eliminated the increase in blood pressure in growth-restricted relative to vehicle- and flutamide-treated controls. Furthermore, the increase in medullary angiotensin type 1 receptor mRNA expression was abolished in flutamide-treated growth-restricted relative to untreated counterparts and controls; cortical angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA expression was reduced in flutamide-treated growth-restricted versus untreated counterparts. Thus, these data indicate that androgens, via activation of the renin–angiotensin system, are important mediators of increased blood pressure that develops by 12 months of age in female growth-restricted rats.
    Keywords: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Animal Models of Human Disease, Basic Science Research, Physiology
    Print ISSN: 0194-911X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 5
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    A Csf1r-EGFP Transgene Provides a Novel Marker for Monocyte Subsets in Sheep [IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT] (2016)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Expression of Csf1r in adults is restricted to cells of the macrophage lineage. Transgenic reporters based upon the Csf1r locus require inclusion of the highly conserved Fms-intronic regulatory element for expression. We have created Csf1r -EGFP transgenic sheep via lentiviral transgenesis of a construct containing elements of the mouse Fms-intronic regulatory element and Csf1r promoter. Committed bone marrow macrophage precursors and blood monocytes express EGFP in these animals. Sheep monocytes were divided into three populations, similar to classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes in humans, based upon CD14 and CD16 expression. All expressed EGFP, with increased levels in the nonclassical subset. Because Csf1r expression coincides with the earliest commitment to the macrophage lineage, Csf1r -EGFP bone marrow provides a tool for studying the earliest events in myelopoiesis using the sheep as a model.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 6
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    Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls monocyte production and maturation and the steady-state size of the liver in pigs (2016)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-11
    Description: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is an essential growth and differentiation factor for cells of the macrophage lineage. To explore the role of CSF1 in steady-state control of monocyte production and differentiation and tissue repair, we previously developed a bioactive protein with a longer half-life in circulation by fusing pig CSF1 with the Fc region of pig IgG1a. CSF1-Fc administration to pigs expanded progenitor pools in the marrow and selectively increased monocyte numbers and their expression of the maturation marker CD163. There was a rapid increase in the size of the liver, and extensive proliferation of hepatocytes associated with increased macrophage infiltration. Despite the large influx of macrophages, there was no evidence of liver injury and no increase in circulating liver enzymes. Microarray expression profiling of livers identified increased expression of macrophage markers, i.e., cytokines such as TNF, IL1, and IL6 known to influence hepatocyte proliferation, alongside cell cycle genes. The analysis also revealed selective enrichment of genes associated with portal, as opposed to centrilobular regions, as seen in hepatic regeneration. Combined with earlier data from the mouse, this study supports the existence of a CSF1-dependent feedback loop, linking macrophages of the liver with bone marrow and blood monocytes, to mediate homeostatic control of the size of the liver. The results also provide evidence of safety and efficacy for possible clinical applications of CSF1-Fc.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1857
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1547
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    High-throughput allele-specific expression across 250 environmental conditions [RESEARCH] (2016)
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Description: Gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions determine common disease risk factors and biomedically relevant complex traits. However, quantifying how the environment modulates genetic effects on human quantitative phenotypes presents unique challenges. Environmental covariates are complex and difficult to measure and control at the organismal level, as found in GWAS and epidemiological studies. An alternative approach focuses on the cellular environment using in vitro treatments as a proxy for the organismal environment. These cellular environments simplify the organism-level environmental exposures to provide a tractable influence on subcellular phenotypes, such as gene expression. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping studies identified GxE interactions in response to drug treatment and pathogen exposure. However, eQTL mapping approaches are infeasible for large-scale analysis of multiple cellular environments. Recently, allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis emerged as a powerful tool to identify GxE interactions in gene expression patterns by exploiting naturally occurring environmental exposures. Here we characterized genetic effects on the transcriptional response to 50 treatments in five cell types. We discovered 1455 genes with ASE (FDR 〈 10%) and 215 genes with GxE interactions. We demonstrated a major role for GxE interactions in complex traits. Genes with a transcriptional response to environmental perturbations showed sevenfold higher odds of being found in GWAS. Additionally, 105 genes that indicated GxE interactions (49%) were identified by GWAS as associated with complex traits. Examples include GIPR –caffeine interaction and obesity and include LAMP3 –selenium interaction and Parkinson disease. Our results demonstrate that comprehensive catalogs of GxE interactions are indispensable to thoroughly annotate genes and bridge epidemiological and genome-wide association studies.
    Electronic ISSN: 1549-5469
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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  • 8
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    Developmental Programming of Hypertension: Physiological Mechanisms [Recent Advances in Hypertension] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Keywords: High Blood Pressure, Hypertension
    Print ISSN: 0194-911X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 9
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    Rasip1-Mediated Rho GTPase Signaling Regulates Blood Vessel Tubulogenesis via Nonmuscle Myosin II [Cellular Biology] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-16
    Description: Rationale: Vascular tubulogenesis is essential to cardiovascular development. Within initial vascular cords of endothelial cells, apical membranes are established and become cleared of cell–cell junctions, thereby allowing continuous central lumens to open. Rasip1 (Ras-interacting protein 1) is required for apical junction clearance, as well as for regulation of Rho GTPase (enzyme that hydrolyzes GTP) activity. However, it remains unknown how activities of different Rho GTPases are coordinated by Rasip1 to direct tubulogenesis. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms downstream of Rasip1 that drive vascular tubulogenesis. Methods and Results: Using conditional mouse mutant models and pharmacological approaches, we dissect GTPase pathways downstream of Rasip1. We show that clearance of endothelial cell apical junctions during vascular tubulogenesis depends on Rasip1, as well as the GTPase Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog) and the kinase Pak4 (serine/threonine-protein kinase 4). Genetic deletion of Rasip1 or Cdc42, or inhibition of Pak4, all blocks endothelial cell tubulogenesis. By contrast, inactivation of RhoA (Ras homologue gene family member A) signaling leads to vessel overexpansion, implicating actomyosin contractility in control of lumen diameter. Interestingly, blocking activity of NMII (nonmuscle myosin II) either before, or after, lumen morphogenesis results in dramatically different tubulogenesis phenotypes, suggesting time-dependent roles. Conclusions: Rasip1 controls different pools of GTPases, which in turn regulate different pools of NMII to coordinate junction clearance (remodeling) and actomyosin contractility during vascular tubulogenesis. Rasip1 promotes activity of Cdc42 to activate Pak4, which in turn activates NMII, clearing apical junctions. Once lumens open, Rasip1 suppresses actomyosin contractility via inhibition of RhoA by Arhgap29, allowing controlled expansion of vessel lumens during embryonic growth. These findings elucidate the stepwise processes regulated by Rasip1 through downstream Rho GTPases and NMII.
    Keywords: Angiogenesis, Basic Science Research, Cell Biology/Structural Biology, Developmental Biology, Vascular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0009-7330
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4571
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 10
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    Exploring Potential Germline-Associated Roles of the TRIM-NHL Protein NHL-2 Through RNAi Screening (2017)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-06
    Description: TRIM-NHL proteins are highly conserved regulators of developmental pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates. The TRIM-NHL family member NHL-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans functions as a miRNA cofactor to regulate developmental timing. Similar regulatory roles have been reported in other model systems, with the mammalian ortholog in mice, TRIM32, contributing to muscle and neuronal cell proliferation via miRNA activity. Given the interest associated with TRIM-NHL family proteins, we aimed to further investigate the role of NHL-2 in C. elegans development by using a synthetic RNAi screening approach. Using the ORFeome library, we knocked down 11,942 genes in wild-type animals and nhl-2 null mutants. In total, we identified 42 genes that produced strong reproductive synthetic phenotypes when knocked down in nhl-2 null mutants, with little or no change when knocked down in wild-type animals. These included genes associated with transcriptional processes, chromosomal integrity, and key cofactors of the germline small 22G RNA pathway.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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