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  • 1
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    Assessing the effect of marine isoprene and ship emissions on ozone, using modelling and measurements from the South Atlantic Ocean (2010)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Chemistry, 7(2), pp. 171-182
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Relationships between atmospheric organic compounds and air-mass exposure to marine biology (2010)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Chemistry, 7(3), pp. 232-241
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine Accumulation by Sentinel Mallards at the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant, Bloomington, Indiana (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Farm-raised 12-month-old female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were released at the Winston-Thomas sewage treatment plant, Bloomington, Indiana. Five mallards were sacrificed at the start of the study and at approximately 10-day intervals through day 100. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in carcasses increased linearly with time of exposure and exceeded 16 μg/g wet weight by day 100; PCBs in breast muscle exceeded 3.9 μg/g by day 100. These PCB values are among the highest recorded for wild or sentinel waterfowl. PCB concentrations in breast muscle (26—523μg/g lipid weight) were 50—1,000 times greater than human consumption guidelines for edible poultry in Canada (0.5 μg/glipid weight) and 9—176 times greater than consumption guidelines for edible poultry in the United States (3.0 μg/g lipid weight). Additionally, PCB concentrations in carcass and breast muscle exceeded the threshold of the Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumption Advisory 'do not eat' category (1.9 μg/g wet weight) by day 20 and day 50, respectively. Hepatic cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases including BROD (benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase), EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase), and PROD (pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase) were induced over 5-fold compared to reference mallards. BROD, EROD, and PROD were each significantly correlated to total PCBs and to the toxicity of selected PCB congeners, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215794
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine accumulation by sentinel mallards at the Winston-Thomas sewage treatment plant, Bloomington, Indiana (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Farm-raised 12-month-old female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were released at the Winston-Thomas sewage treatment plant, Bloomington, Indiana. Five mallards were sacrificed at the start of the study and at approximately 10-day intervals through day 100. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in carcasses increased linearly with time of exposure and exceeded 16 μg/g wet weight by day 100; PCBs in breast muscle exceeded 3.9 μg/g by day 100. These PCB values are among the highest recorded for wild or sentinel waterfowl. PCB concentrations in breast muscle (26–523 μg/g lipid weight) were 50–1,000 times greater than human consumption guidelines for edible poultry in Canada (0.5 μg/g lipid weight) and 9–176 times greater than consumption guidelines for edible poultry in the United States (3.0 μg/g lipid weight). Additionally, PCB concentrations in carcass and breast muscle exceeded the threshold of the Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumption Advisory ‘do not eat’ category (1.9 μg/g wet weight) by day 20 and day 50, respectively. Hepatic cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases including BROD (benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase), EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase), and PROD (pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase) were induced over 5-fold compared to reference mallards. BROD, EROD, and PROD were each significantly correlated to total PCBs and to the toxicity of selected PCB congeners, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215794
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed-Function Oxygenases, Oxidative Stress, and Chromosomal Damage Measured in Lesser Scaup Wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 522-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. During the winter of 1993–1994, male lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) were collected on the heavily polluted Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, Indiana, and examined for several bioindicators of chemical exposure. Livers were analyzed for activities of three cytochrome P450–associated monooxygenases and four measures of oxidative stress. Blood and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry for chromosomal damage. In a concurrent study, scaup tissues were analyzed for organic and inorganic contaminants. Ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity in livers of scaup collected in January 1994 was significantly higher than in livers of scaup collected in March 1994 or in livers of reference birds. Three hepatic monooxygenase activities were each significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in scaup carcasses. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activity in scaup livers was positively correlated with iron, boron, and lead concentrations in livers and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in carcasses. TBA activity was negatively correlated with protein-bound thiol activity and mercury concentrations in livers. The coefficient of variation of DNA content in scaup blood cells was correlated with PAH concentrations in scaup carcasses. This is the first field study with birds to demonstrate a correlation between liver monooxygenase activity and carcass PAH concentrations and to show a direct correlation between PAH concentrations in tissues and somatic chromosomal damage in blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910068
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental contaminants in redheads wintering in coastal Louisiana and Texas (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 425-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whole body and liver analyses indicated that wintering redheads (Aythya americana; n=70) in coastal Louisiana (one site) and Texas (two sites) were relatively free of contamination with common trace elements, organochlorines, and hydrocarbons. Most trace elements, including As, Cr, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn, were within background concentrations in livers; levels of B, Cd, Cu, and Fe were elevated in some specimens. Only one organochlorine, DDE, was detected in redhead carcasses, but its concentration was below reported toxic levels in waterfowl. Body burdens of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were generally low, but levels of pristane, total hydrocarbons, and the ratios of phytane:n-octadecane and pristane:n-heptadecane were indicative of possible chronic exposure to petroleum. Based on brain cholinesterase assays, redheads were not recently exposed to organophosphorous or carbamate pesticides. Of 30 elements or compounds tested for seasonal differences, only Se increased from early to late winter at one of the three sites. Eight of 57 contaminants differed among the three sites; no sex or age differences were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214143
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometry for monitoring contaminant exposure in black-crowned night-herons (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The flow cytometry method (FCM) was employed to determine cellular DNA content of black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) embryos and 10-day-old chicks collected at sites differing in types of chemical contamination. The coefficient of variation of DNA content (CV) in blood collected from embryos suggested cytogenetic damage at a site in Louisiana known to be contaminated with petroleum. Blood CV from chicks suggested genetic damage at a site in Texas also known to be contaminated with petroleum. Spleen CVs in chicks were significantly lower than respective means from the reference site. The CVs of chick blood and liver and spleen negatively correlated, suggesting recovery of spleen and liver cells after exposure to a clastogenic compound. Thus, the lower CVs may also have been indicative of genetic damage. Based on the findings of this study, FCM is a potential indicator of certain environmental contaminants in black-crowned night-herons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214260
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine Chemicals in Tree Swallows Nesting in Pool 15 of the Upper Mississippi River (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 64 (2000), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280000005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
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    Relationships between atmospheric organic compounds and air-mass exposure to marine biology (2010)
    CSIRO
    In:  Environmental Chemistry, 7 (3). p. 232.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Environmental context. The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and oceans impacts Earth’s climate. Over the remote oceans, marine emissions of organic species may have significant impacts on cloud properties and the atmosphere’s oxidative capacity. Quantifying these emissions and their dependence on ocean biology over the global oceans is a major challenge. Here we present a new method which relates atmospheric abundance of several organic chemicals over the South Atlantic Ocean to the exposure of air to ocean biology over several days before its sampling. Abstract. We have used a Lagrangian transport model and satellite observations of oceanic chlorophyll-a concentrations and phytoplankton community structure, to investigate relationships between air mass biological exposure and atmospheric concentrations of organic compounds over the remote South Atlantic Ocean in January and February 2007. Accounting for spatial and temporal exposure of air masses to chlorophyll from biologically active ocean regions upwind of the observation location produces significant correlations with atmospheric organohalogens, despite insignificant or smaller correlations using commonly applied in-situ chlorophyll. Strongest correlations (r = 0.42–0.53) are obtained with chlorophyll exposure over a 2-day transport history for CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH3I, and dimethylsulfide, and are strengthened further with exposure to specific phytoplankton types. Incorporating daylight and wind-speed terms into the chlorophyll exposure results in reduced correlations. The method demonstrates that conclusions drawn regarding oceanic trace-gas sources from in-situ chlorophyll or satellite chlorophyll averages over arbitrary areas may prove erroneous without accounting for the transport history of air sampled.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1071/EN09144
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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