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  • 1
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    Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research (2014)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Ocean Science, 10 (3). pp. 281-322.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: This paper is the outcome of a workshop held in Rome in November 2011 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the POEM (Physical Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean) program. In the workshop discussions, a number of unresolved issues were identified for the physical and biogeochemical properties of the Mediterranean Sea as a whole, i.e., comprising the Western and Eastern sub-basins. Over the successive two years, the related ideas were discussed among the group of scientists who participated in the workshop and who have contributed to the writing of this paper. Three major topics were identified, each of them being the object of a section divided into a number of different sub-sections, each addressing a specific physical, chemical or biological issue: 1. Assessment of basin-wide physical/biochemical properties, of their variability and interactions. 2. Relative importance of external forcing functions (wind stress, heat/moisture fluxes, forcing through straits) vs. internal variability. 3. Shelf/deep sea interactions and exchanges of physical/biogeochemical properties and how they affect the sub-basin circulation and property distribution. Furthermore, a number of unresolved scientific/methodological issues were also identified and are reported in each sub-section after a short discussion of the present knowledge. They represent the collegial consensus of the scientists contributing to the paper. Naturally, the unresolved issues presented here constitute the choice of the authors and therefore they may not be exhaustive and/or complete. The overall goal is to stimulate a broader interdisciplinary discussion among the scientists of the Mediterranean oceanographic community, leading to enhanced collaborative efforts and exciting future discoveries.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/os-10-281-2014
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    The significance of the episodic nature of atmospheric deposition to Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll region (2014)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 28 (11). pp. 1179-1198.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: In the vast Low Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll (LNLC) Ocean, the vertical nutrient supply from the subsurface to the sunlit surface waters is low, and atmospheric contribution of nutrients may be one order of magnitude greater over short timescales. The short turnover time of atmospheric Fe and N supply (〈1 month for nitrate) further supports deposition being an important source of nutrients in LNLC regions. Yet, the extent to which atmospheric inputs are impacting biological activity and modifying the carbon balance in oligotrophic environments has not been constrained. Here, we quantify and compare the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric deposition in LNLC regions using both a compilation of experimental data and model outputs. A metadata-analysis of recently conducted field and laboratory bioassay experiments reveals complex responses, and the overall impact is not a simple “fertilization effect of increasing phytoplankton biomass” as observed in HNLC regions. Although phytoplankton growth may be enhanced, increases in bacterial activity and respiration result in weakening of biological carbon sequestration. The application of models using climatological or time-averaged non-synoptic deposition rates produced responses that were generally much lower than observed in the bioassay experiments. We demonstrate that experimental data and model outputs show better agreement on short timescale (days to weeks) when strong synoptic pulse of aerosols deposition, similar in magnitude to those observed in the field and introduced in bioassay experiments, is superimposed over the mean atmospheric deposition fields. These results suggest that atmospheric impacts in LNLC regions have been underestimated by models, at least at daily to weekly timescales, as they typically overlook large synoptic variations in atmospheric deposition and associated nutrient and particle inputs. Inclusion of the large synoptic variability of atmospheric input, and improved representation and parameterization of key processes that respond to atmospheric deposition, is required to better constrain impacts in ocean biogeochemical models. This is critical for understanding and prediction of current and future functioning of LNLC regions and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004852
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    A new EMAG metrological approach for submarine detection: fundamentals of the numerical protocols and preliminary field performance (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The characteristics of the geomagnetic field and its artificial components make the capability of reading and classifying large underwater cinematic sources (e.g. submarines) somewhat random. As an example the “ASW far detection procedure” is also affected by the induced magnetic field produced by man-made telluric currents. This could generate some dangerous false alarm. The problem is not an instrumental issue related to the instrument precision of the sensor (commercial magnetometers have precisions greater than the one required by the application) but a classical metrological matter that could be overcome with a correct measurement procedure. This moves the problem from technological to phenomenological aspects. By applying the C.A.I.MA.N. (Coastal Anti-Intruder MAgnetometric Network) experience, inter-nodal distances in the observation chain were calculated so as to correlate the noise and de-correlate the target signal (source type SU.S. "SUbmarine Standard"). By means of C.A.I.MA.N. protocols, targets signal contained in the “detection magnetogram” F(target) was isolated from F(noise+target) magnetogram using F(noise) (that includes also natural variations) as Time-Domain filter, and then submitted to standard LP procedure to increase the information capability. Finally, to overcome metrological problems related to the low incremental ratio [∂F/∂s]ds of the detected signal, we propose a power domain analysis of the detection magnetogram. Also without a dedicated technology, in a preliminary experiment for SU.S. detection the C.A.I.MA.N. anti-intruder system has been occasionally modified: the first results obtained in this study were found encouraging and further detailed investigations within this framework should be undertaken in a future study.
    Description: Published
    Description: IFA, Spain
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: underwater detection systems, port protection, magnetic signal processing, underwater magnetometers array
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Pre-operational short-term forecasts for Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry (2010)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Operational prediction of the marine environment is recognised as a fundamental research issue in Europe. We present a pre-operational implementation of a biogeochem- ical model for the pelagic waters of the Mediterranean Sea, developed within the framework of the MERSEA-IP Euro- pean project. The OPATM-BFM coupled model is the core of a fully automatic system that delivers weekly analyses and forecast maps for the Mediterranean Sea biogeochem- istry. The system has been working in its current configura- tion since April 2007 with successful execution of the fully automatic operational chain in 87% of the cases while in the remaining cases the runs were successfully accomplished af- ter operator intervention. A description of the system devel- oped and also a comparison of the model results with satel- lite data are presented, together with a measure of the model skill evaluated by means of seasonal target diagrams. Future studies will address the implementation of a data assimila- tion scheme for the biogeochemical compartment in order to increase the skill of the model’s performance.
    Description: MERSEA-IP, EU project
    Description: Published
    Description: 25-39
    Description: 4.6. Oceanografia operativa per la valutazione dei rischi in aree marine
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: biogeochemistry, mediterranean sea, forecast ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing (Internet of Things for the Ocean) (2021)
    NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH
    In:  EPIC3Mediterranean Marine Science, NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH, ISSN: 1108-393X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: The ability to access user-friendly, low-cost instrumentation remains a limiting factor in coastal ocean observing. The majority of currently available marine observation equipment is difficult to deploy, costly to operate, and requires specific technical skills. Moreover, a harmonized observation program for the world’s coastal waters has not yet been established despite the efforts of the global ocean organizations. Global observational systems are mainly focused on open ocean waters and do not include coastal and shelf areas, where models and satellites require large data sets for their calibration and validation. Fortunately, recent technological advances have created opportunities to improve sensors, platforms, and communications that will enable a step-change in coastal ocean observing, which will be driven by a decreasing cost of the components, the availability of cheap housing, low-cost controller/data loggers based on embedded systems, and low/no subscription costs for LPWAN communication systems. Considering the above necessities and opportunities, POGO’s OpenMODs project identified a series of general needs/requirements to be met in an Open science development framework. In order to satisfy monitoring and research necessities, the sensors to be implemented must be easily interfaced with the data acquisition and transmission system, as well as compliant with accuracy and stability requirements. Here we propose an approach to co-design a cost-effective observing modular instrument architecture based on available low-cost measurement and data transmission technologies, able to be mounted/operated on various platforms. This instrument can fit the needs of a large community that includes scientific research (including those in developing countries), non-scientific stakeholders, and educator
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    A MSFD complementary approach for the assessment of pressures, knowledge and data gaps in Southern European Seas: The PERSEUS experience (2015)
    PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 95(1), pp. 28-39, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    OPENMODS 2.0 “Instrument Jamming Meeting” report (2020)
    In:  EPIC320 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-06
    Description: Major achievements The feedback provided by potential users on their needs was very much appreciated. They underlined the importance of having: ● an easy to deploy instrument (i.e.: from small fishing boats); ● multi-parameter sensors in ONE device; ● less maintenance effort and prioritized the variables to measure. Although, there are technical limitations and different solutions and there is no one tool that can do everything, which is low cost, has high resolution and low maintenance, the outcomes of the platforms/sensors/communications working group meet the main requirements that emerged. Priority was given to: ● a platform that will operate in drifter mode which is extremely easy to deploy and perfect for studies associated with search and rescue operations (another need that has emerged). It also constantly guarantees the knowledge of the instrument position. The platform can be easily converted into the moored mode. ● temperature and pressure sensors. The sensors will be low -cost with the idea to replace them rather than calibrate them; ● LoRaWAN communications preferably with Bluetooth integration for the in-situ download of the data.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
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    The significance of the episodic nature of atmospheric deposition to Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll regions (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Wiley, pp. n/a-n/a, ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In the vast Low Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll (LNLC) Ocean, the vertical nutrient supply from the subsurface to the sunlit surface waters is low, and atmospheric contribution of nutrients may be one order of magnitude greater over short timescales. The short turnover time of atmospheric Fe and N supply (〈1 month for nitrate) further supports deposition being an important source of nutrients in LNLC regions. Yet, the extent to which atmospheric inputs are impacting biological activity and modifying the carbon balance in oligotrophic environments has not been constrained. Here, we quantify and compare the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric deposition in LNLC regions using both a compilation of experimental data and model outputs. A metadata-analysis of recently conducted field and laboratory bioassay experiments reveals complex responses, and the overall impact is not a simple “fertilization effect of increasing phytoplankton biomass” as observed in HNLC regions. Although phytoplankton growth may be enhanced, increases in bacterial activity and respiration result in weakening of biological carbon sequestration. The application of models using climatological or time-averaged non-synoptic deposition rates produced responses that were generally much lower than observed in the bioassay experiments. We demonstrate that experimental data and model outputs show better agreement on short timescale (days to weeks) when strong synoptic pulse of aerosols deposition, similar in magnitude to those observed in the field and introduced in bioassay experiments, is superimposed over the mean atmospheric deposition fields. These results suggest that atmospheric impacts in LNLC regions have been underestimated by models, at least at daily to weekly timescales, as they typically overlook large synoptic variations in atmospheric deposition and associated nutrient and particle inputs. Inclusion of the large synoptic variability of atmospheric input, and improved representation and parameterization of key processes that respond to atmospheric deposition, is required to better constrain impacts in ocean biogeochemical models. This is critical for understanding and prediction of current and future functioning of LNLC regions and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
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    OpenMODs project: advancing toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing. (2019)
    In:  EPIC3OCEAN OBS ’19, An Ocean of Opportunity, Hawai’i Convention Center, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2019-09-16-2019-09-20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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