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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Clayton, Sophie; Nagai, Takeyoshi; Follows, Michael J (2014): Fine scale phytoplankton community structure across the Kuroshio Front. Journal of Plankton Research, 36(4), 1017-1030, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu020
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: This data was collected during a cruise to the Kuroshio Extension Front in October 2009. Several chemical and biological parameters were measured: dissolved nutrients, picophytoplankton (by flow cytometry), microphytoplankton (by light microscopy) and phytoplankton pigments (HPLC).
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-07-09
    Keywords: A1; A2; A3; A4; A5; A6; A7; A8; Achnanthes sp.; Amphora sp.; Asterionella glacialis; Asteromphalus flabellatus; Asteromphalus sarcophagus; Aulacoseira ambigua; Aulacoseira distans; Aulacoseira granulata; B10; B11; B12; B13; B14; B15; B16; B9; Bacteriastrum sp.; Bottle number; C17; C18; C19; C20; C21; C22; C23; C24; C25; Cerataulina pelagica; Ceratium furca; Ceratium fusus; Ceratium kofoidii; Ceratium tripos; Chaetoceros atlanticus; Chaetoceros compressum; Chaetoceros lorenzianus; Chaetoceros peruvianus; Chaetoceros spp.; Climacodium biconcavum; Climacodium frauenfeldianum; Cocconeis sp.; Corethron hystrix; Coscinodiscus sp.; Cryptomonadaceae; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Cylindrotheca closterium; Cymbella sp.; D26; D27; D28; D29; D30; D31; D32; D33; Dactyliosolen sp.; Date/Time of event; Detonula pumila; Diatoma vulgare; Dictyocha fibula; Dinophysis caudata; Dissodinium sp.; E34; E35; E36; E37; E38; E39; E40; E41; Euglenophyceae; Event label; Fragilaria crotonensis; Fragilaria sp.; Gomphonema sp.; Gonyaulax sp.; Gymnodiniales; Gymnodinium spp.; Gyrodinium sp.; Haptophyceae; Heterocapsa sp.; KEF09_A1; KEF09_A2; KEF09_A3; KEF09_A4; KEF09_A5; KEF09_A6; KEF09_A7; KEF09_A8; KEF09_B10; KEF09_B11; KEF09_B12; KEF09_B13; KEF09_B14; KEF09_B15; KEF09_B16; KEF09_B9; KEF09_C17; KEF09_C18; KEF09_C19; KEF09_C20; KEF09_C21; KEF09_C22; KEF09_C23; KEF09_C24; KEF09_C25; KEF09_D26; KEF09_D27; KEF09_D28; KEF09_D29; KEF09_D30; KEF09_D31; KEF09_D32; KEF09_D33; KEF09_E34; KEF09_E35; KEF09_E36; KEF09_E37; KEF09_E38; KEF09_E39; KEF09_E40; KEF09_E41; Kuroshio Extension; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Melosira varians; Navicula sp.; Neodelphineis pelagica; Nitzschia spp.; Oscillatoriaceae; Oxyphysis oxytoxoides; Palmeria hardmaniana; Peridiniales; Pleurosigma spp.; Prasinophyceae; Prorocentrum dentatum; Prorocentrum micans; Prorocentrum minimum; Prorocentrum sp.; Prorocentrum triestinum; Protoperidinium bipes; Protoperidinium depressum; Protoperidinium pellucidum; Protoperidinium spp.; Rhizosolenia alata; Rhizosolenia bergonii; Rhizosolenia cylindrus; Rhizosolenia fragilissima; Rhizosolenia imbricata; Rhizosolenia robusta; Rhizosolenia setigera; Rhizosolenia stolterfothii; Scrippsiella sp.; Station label; Synedra acus; Synedra spp.; Thalassionema nitzschioides; Thalassiosiraceae; Thalassiosira diporocyclus; Thalassiosira rotula; Thalassiosira spp.; Thalassiothrix sp.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15390 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-08-29
    Keywords: 19-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin; 19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin; A1; A2; A3; A4; A5; A6; A7; A8; Alloxanthin; Ammonium; B10; B11; B12; B13; B14; B15; B16; B9; Bottle number; C17; C18; C19; C20; C21; C22; C23; C24; C25; Calculated; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carotene; Carotenoid pigments; Carotenoid pigments, photoprotective; Carotenoid pigments, photosynthetic; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll b; Chlorophyll c; Chlorophyll c1+c2; Chlorophyll c3; Chlorophyllide a; Chlorophyll total; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; D26; D27; D28; D29; D30; D31; D32; D33; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma1000; DEPTH, water; Diadinoxanthin; Diatoms; Diatoxanthin; Dinoflagellates; Divinyl chlorophyll a; Divinyl chlorophyll b; E34; E35; E36; E37; E38; E39; E40; E41; Event label; Flow cytometry; Fucoxanthin; Gyroxanthin diester; Haptophyceae; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); KEF09_A1; KEF09_A2; KEF09_A3; KEF09_A4; KEF09_A5; KEF09_A6; KEF09_A7; KEF09_A8; KEF09_B10; KEF09_B11; KEF09_B12; KEF09_B13; KEF09_B14; KEF09_B15; KEF09_B16; KEF09_B9; KEF09_C17; KEF09_C18; KEF09_C19; KEF09_C20; KEF09_C21; KEF09_C22; KEF09_C23; KEF09_C24; KEF09_C25; KEF09_D26; KEF09_D27; KEF09_D28; KEF09_D29; KEF09_D30; KEF09_D31; KEF09_D32; KEF09_D33; KEF09_E34; KEF09_E35; KEF09_E36; KEF09_E37; KEF09_E38; KEF09_E39; KEF09_E40; KEF09_E41; Kuroshio Extension; Latitude of event; Light microscopy (Sukhanova 1978); Longitude of event; Lutein; Neoxanthin; Nitrate; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved; Nitrogen, total dissolved; Peridinin; Pheophorbide a; Pheophytin a; Phosphate; Phosphorus, dissolved; Phosphorus, organic, dissolved; Phosphorus, total dissolved; Picoeukaryotes; Pigments, diagnostic; Pigments, photosynthetic; Pigments, total; Pigments, total accessory; Prasinoxanthin; Prochlorococcus; Ratio; Salinity; Silica, dissolved; Silicon dioxide; Station label; Synechococcus; Temperature, water; Violaxanthin; Zeaxanthin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8225 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: SeaFlow is an underway flow cytometer that provides continuous shipboard observations of the abundance and optical properties of small phytoplankton (〈5 mu m in equivalent spherical diameter, ESD). Here we present data sets consisting of SeaFlow-based cell abundance, forward light scatter, and pigment fluorescence of individual cells, as well as derived estimates of ESD and cellular carbon content of picophytoplankton, which includes the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and small-sized Crocosphaera (〈5 mu m ESD), and picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton (2-5 mu m ESD). Data were collected in surface waters (approximate to 5 m depth) from 27 oceanographic cruises carried out in the Northeast Pacific Ocean between 2010 and 2018. Thirteen cruises provide high spatial resolution (approximate to 1 km) measurements across 32,500 km of the Northeast Pacific Ocean and 14 near-monthly cruises beginning in 2015 provide seasonal distributions at the long-term sampling site (Station ALOHA) of the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series. These data sets expand our knowledge of the current spatial and temporal distributions of picophytoplankton in the surface ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. The next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 112 (26). pp. 8008-8012.
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Description: Theoretical studies predict that competition for limited resources reduces biodiversity to the point of ecological instability, whereas strong predator/prey interactions enhance the number of coexisting species and limit fluctuations in abundances. In open ocean ecosystems, competition for low availability of essential nutrients results in relatively few abundant microbial species. The remarkable stability in overall cell abundance of the dominant photosynthetic cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is assumed to reflect a simple food web structure strongly controlled by grazers and/or viruses. This hypothesized link between stability and ecological interactions, however, has been difficult to test with open ocean microbes because sampling methods commonly have poor temporal and spatial resolution. Here we use continuous techniques on two different winter-time cruises to show that Prochlorococcus cell production and mortality rates are tightly synchronized to the day/night cycle across the subtropical Pacific Ocean. In warmer waters, we observed harmonic oscillations in cell production and mortality rates, with a peak in mortality rate consistently occurring ∼6 h after the peak in cell production. Essentially no cell mortality was observed during daylight. Our results are best explained as a synchronized two-component trophic interaction with the per-capita rates of Prochlorococcus consumption driven either directly by the day/night cycle or indirectly by Prochlorococcus cell production. Light-driven synchrony of food web dynamics in which most of the newly produced Prochlorococcus cells are consumed each night likely enforces ecosystem stability across vast expanses of the open ocean. © 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The field of oceanography is transitioning from data-poor to data-rich, thanks in part to increased deployment of in-situ platforms and sensors, such as those that instrument the US-funded Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). However, generating science-ready data products from these sensors, particularly those making biogeochemical measurements, often requires extensive end-user calibration and validation procedures, which can present a significant barrier. Openly available community-developed and -vetted Best Practices contribute to overcoming such barriers, but collaboratively developing user-friendly Best Practices can be challenging. Here we describe the process undertaken by the NSF-funded OOI Biogeochemical Sensor Data Working Group to develop Best Practices for creating science-ready biogeochemical data products from OOI data, culminating in the publication of the GOOS-endorsed OOI Biogeochemical Sensor Data Best Practices and User Guide. For Best Practices related to ocean observatories, engaging observatory staff is crucial, but having a “user-defined” process ensures the final product addresses user needs. Our process prioritized bringing together a diverse team and creating an inclusive environment where all participants could effectively contribute. Incorporating the perspectives of a wide range of experts and prospective end users through an iterative review process that included “Beta Testers’’ enabled us to produce a final product that combines technical information with a user-friendly structure that illustrates data analysis pipelines via flowcharts and worked examples accompanied by pseudo-code. Our process and its impact on improving the accessibility and utility of the end product provides a roadmap for other groups undertaking similar community-driven activities to develop and disseminate new Ocean Best Practices.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): C02001, doi:10.1029/2007JC004671.
    Description: Plankton patchiness is ubiquitous in the oceans, and various physical and biological processes have been proposed as its generating mechanisms. However, a coherent statement on the problem is missing, because of both a small number of suitable observations and an incomplete understanding of the properties of reactive tracers in turbulent media. It has been suggested that horizontal advection may be the dominant process behind the observed distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton, acting to mix tracers with longer reaction times (Rt) down to smaller scales. Conversely, the relative distributions of sea surface temperature and phytoplankton has been attributed to small-scale upwelling, where tracers with longer Rt are able to homogenize more than those with shorter reaction times. Neither of the above mechanisms can explain simultaneously the (relative) spectral slopes of temperature, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. Here, with a simple advection model and a large suite of numerical experiments, we concentrate on some of the physical processes influencing the relative distributions of tracers at the ocean surface, and we investigate (1) the impact of the spatial scale of tracer supply, (2) the role played by coherent eddies on the distribution of tracers with different Rt, and (3) the role of diffusion (so far neglected). We show that diffusion determines the distribution of temperature, regardless of the nature of the forcing. We also find that coherent structures together with differential diffusion of tracers with different Rt impact the tracer distributions. This may help in understanding the highly variable nature of observed plankton spectra.
    Description: This work was initiated at WHOI during the summer of 2006, while S.C. was a summer student fellow, partially funded by the NSF. A.B. is funded by NSF–OCE 0751775 and NSF–OCE 0815280, and C.P. is funded by NSF–PHY 0551164.
    Keywords: Ocean turbulence ; Plankton
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2013
    Description: The physical environment in the oceans dictates not only how phytoplankton cells are dispersed and their populations intermingled, but also mediates the supply of nutrients to the surface mixed layer. In this thesis I explore both of these aspects of the interaction between phytoplankton ecology and ocean physics, and have approached this topic in two distinct but complementary ways, working with a global ocean ecosystem model, and collecting data at sea. In the first half of the thesis, I examine the role of mesoscale physical features in shaping phytoplankton community structure and influencing rates of primary production. I compare the output of a complex marine ecosystem model coupled to coarse resolution and eddy-permitting physical models. Explicitly resolving eddies resulted in marked regional variations in primary production, zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass. The same phytoplankton phenotypes persisted in both cases, and were dominant in the same regions. Global phytoplankton diversity was unchanged. However, levels of local phytoplankton diversity were markedly different, with a large increase in local diversity in the higher resolution model. Increased diversity could be attributed to a combination of enhanced dispersal, environmental variability and nutrient supply in the higher resolution model. Diversity ”hotspots” associated with western boundary currents and coastal upwelling zones are sustained through a combination of all of these factors. In the second half of the thesis I describe the results of a fine scale ecological and biogeochemical survey of the Kuroshio Extension Front. I found fine scale patterns in physical, chemical and biological properties that can be linked back to both the large scale horizontal and smaller scale vertical physical dynamics of the study region. A targeted genomic analysis of samples focused on the ecology of the picoeukaryote Ostreococcus clade distributions strongly supports the model derived hypotheses about the mechanisms supporting diversity hotspots. Strikingly, two distinct clades of Ostreococcus co-occur in more than half of the samples. A ”hotspot” of Ostreococcus diversity appears to be supported by a confluence of water masses containing either clade, as well as a local nutrient supply at the front and the mesoscale variability of the region.
    Description: I gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the following sources: MIT Presidential Fellowship, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Initiative, NASA and NSF. Small grants for travel and equipment from the PAOC Houghton Fund, EAPS Student Research Fund and MISTI Hayashi Fund allowed me to pursue my research collaboration with Prof Takeyoshi Nagai at the Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology.
    Keywords: Phytoplankton populations ; Marine biological diversity ; Natsushima (Ship) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Todd, R. E., Chavez, F. P., Clayton, S., Cravatte, S., Goes, M., Greco, M., Ling, X., Sprintall, J., Zilberman, N., V., Archer, M., Aristegui, J., Balmaseda, M., Bane, J. M., Baringer, M. O., Barth, J. A., Beal, L. M., Brandt, P., Calil, P. H. R., Campos, E., Centurioni, L. R., Chidichimo, M. P., Cirano, M., Cronin, M. F., Curchitser, E. N., Davis, R. E., Dengler, M., deYoung, B., Dong, S., Escribano, R., Fassbender, A. J., Fawcett, S. E., Feng, M., Goni, G. J., Gray, A. R., Gutierrez, D., Hebert, D., Hummels, R., Ito, S., Krug, M., Lacan, F., Laurindo, L., Lazar, A., Lee, C. M., Lengaigne, M., Levine, N. M., Middleton, J., Montes, I., Muglia, M., Nagai, T., Palevsky, H., I., Palter, J. B., Phillips, H. E., Piola, A., Plueddemann, A. J., Qiu, B., Rodrigues, R. R., Roughan, M., Rudnick, D. L., Rykaczewski, R. R., Saraceno, M., Seim, H., Sen Gupta, A., Shannon, L., Sloyan, B. M., Sutton, A. J., Thompson, L., van der Plas, A. K., Volkov, D., Wilkin, J., Zhang, D., & Zhang, L. Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2010); 423, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00423.
    Description: Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. The next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations.
    Description: RT was supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research at WHOI. FC was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. MGo was funded by NSF and NOAA/AOML. XL was funded by China’s National Key Research and Development Projects (2016YFA0601803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41490641, 41521091, and U1606402), and the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (2017ASKJ01). JS was supported by NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (Award NA15OAR4320071). DZ was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063. BS was supported by IMOS and CSIRO’s Decadal Climate Forecasting Project. We gratefully acknowledge the wide range of funding sources from many nations that have enabled the observations and analyses reviewed here.
    Keywords: Western boundary current systems ; Eastern boundary current systems ; Ocean observing systems ; Time series ; Autonomous underwater gliders ; Drifters ; Remote sensing ; Moorings
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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