Keywords:
Marine mammals--Effect of noise on--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
The ultimate guide to marine mammal mitigation during industrial activities. This comprehensive manual covers training and entering the field, mitigation measures, legislation, equipment and technology, sources of anthropogenic noise and the physics of sound propagation.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (431 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781907807701
Series Statement:
Conservation Handbooks
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5017576
DDC:
599.5
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of Acronyms, Units, Prefixes and Symbols -- List of Acronyms -- List of Units -- List of Unit Prefixes -- List of Symbols -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1.1 General Overview -- 1.2 Marine Mammal Classification -- 1.2.1 Cetaceans -- 1.2.2 Pinnipeds -- 1.2.3 Sirenians -- 1.2.4 Marine mustelids -- 1.2.5 Polar bear -- 1.3 Marine Mammal Distribution -- 1.4 Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals -- 1.4.1 Temporary Threshold Shift and Permanent Threshold Shift -- 1.4.2 Behavioural alterations -- 1.4.3 Stress -- 1.4.4 Masking -- 1.4.5 Strandings -- 1.4.6 Indirect effects -- 1.5 Marine Mammal Hearing -- 1.5.1 Audiograms -- 1.5.2 Hearing ranges -- 1.5.3 Sound exposure criteria -- Mitigation Measures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Protective Legislation -- 2.3 Marine Protected Areas -- 2.4 Project Planning -- 2.5 Control of Operational Procedures -- 2.6 Noise Reduction Methods -- 2.7 Acoustic Mitigation Devices -- 2.8 Active SONAR -- 2.9 Visual and Acoustic Watches -- 2.10 MMO and PAM Operator Requirements -- 2.11 Species for which Mitigation Applies -- 2.12 Exclusion Zones -- 2.13 Pre-Watch -- 2.14 Soft-Starts -- 2.15 Sound Source Testing -- 2.16 Operation Issues and Breaks in Sound Production -- 2.17 Delays and Shut-Downs -- 2.18 Night-Time and Low Visibility Working -- 2.19 Report Writing -- Sources of Anthropogenic Noise -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Shipping -- 3.3 Offshore Wind Farms -- 3.4 Tidal Turbines -- 3.5 Dredging -- 3.6 Drilling and Production -- 3.7 Floating Production Storage Offloading -- 3.8 Acoustic Mitigation Devices -- 3.9 Seismic -- 3.10 Pile Driving -- 3.11 SONAR -- 3.12 Whale Finders -- 3.13 Explosions -- 3.14 Electromagnetic -- Training -- 4.1 Introduction.
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4.2 Background Reading and Scientific Organisations -- 4.3 Becoming a Certified MMO or PAM Operator -- 4.3.1 MMO training -- 4.3.2 PAM Operator -- 4.4 Courses -- 4.4.1 UK and Ireland -- 4.4.2 USA (GoM) -- 4.4.3 Greenland -- 4.4.4 New Zealand -- 4.4.5 Offshore sea survival -- 4.4.5.1 BOSIET -- 4.4.5.2 Minimum Industry Safety Training -- 4.4.5.3 Safe Gulf safety training -- 4.4.6 Offshore medicals -- 4.4.6.1 Netherlands, Norway and UK -- 4.4.6.2 Seafarers' medicals -- 4.5 Insurance -- 4.6 Curriculum Vitae -- 4.7 Gaining Offshore Experience -- Offshore Life -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Contract Award -- 5.3 Pay -- 5.4 Documentation -- 5.5 Vantage Cards -- 5.6 Packing -- 5.7 Personal Protective Equipment -- 5.8 Pre-Project Research -- 5.9 Discretion -- 5.10 Mobilisation -- 5.11 Helicopters -- 5.12 Arrival -- 5.13 Offshore Personnel -- 5.14 Personal Conduct -- 5.15 Phone and Internet -- 5.16 Drugs and Alcohol -- 5.17 Safety Management Systems -- 5.18 T-Card System -- 5.19 Safety Drills -- 5.20 Demobilisation -- 5.21 Vessels -- 5.21.1 Kick-off meeting -- 5.21.2 Dealing with seasickness -- 5.21.3 Baseline surveys -- 5.21.4 Dredging -- 5.21.5 Hydrographical surveys -- 5.21.6 Seismic surveys -- 5.21.7 Piling -- 5.21.8 Military SONAR -- 5.22 Offshore Installations -- 5.22.1 Arrival -- 5.22.2 Layout -- 5.22.3 Kick-off, shift, and rotation meetings -- 5.22.4 Personnel -- 5.22.5 Operational activities -- 5.22.6 Weather -- 5.22.7 General hazards -- 5.22.8 Rig tow -- 5.22.9 Drilling rig and production platform complexes -- 5.22.10 VSP -- 5.22.11 Conductor hammering -- MMO Theory and Practice -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Equipment -- 6.2.1 Fold-over clipboard -- 6.2.2 Stationery -- 6.2.3 Digital watch -- 6.2.4 Marine radio -- 6.2.5 Binoculars -- 6.2.6 GPS -- 6.2.7 Cameras -- 6.2.8 Lenses -- 6.2.9 Plumb-bob -- 6.2.10 Field guides -- 6.3 Conducting an MMO Watch.
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6.4 Observation Platform -- 6.5 Recording Position -- 6.5.1 Ranging software -- 6.6 Recording Vessel Movements -- 6.7 Marine Mammal Identification -- 6.7.1 Cetacean identification -- 6.7.2 Pinniped identification -- 6.8 Range Estimation -- 6.9 Bearing Estimation -- 6.10 Photographing Marine Mammals -- 6.11 Data Collection -- 6.11.1 Cover page -- 6.11.2 Effort -- 6.11.3 Operations data -- 6.11.4 Sightings -- 6.12 MMO at Night -- 6.13 Distance Sampling -- PAM Theory -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basics of Sound -- 7.2.1 Frequency -- 7.2.2 Amplitude -- 7.2.3 Sound energy, intensity, and power -- 7.2.4 Sound Pressure Level and the decibel scale -- 7.2.5 Source Level -- 7.2.6 Sound propagation and transmission loss -- 7.2.7 Received Level -- 7.2.8 SONAR equation -- 7.2.9 Sound Exposure Level -- 7.2.10 Duty cycle -- 7.3 Displays of Sound -- 7.3.1 Spectrogram -- 7.3.2 Power spectrum and Power Spectral Density -- 7.3.3 Sound pressure density spectrum -- 7.3.4 Frequency bands -- 7.3.5 Percentile levels -- 7.3.6 Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level -- 7.3.7 Waveform -- Marine Mammal Vocalisations -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Marine Mammal Sounds -- 8.2.1 Echolocation and clicks -- 8.2.2 Pulsed sounds -- 8.2.3 Tonal sounds -- 8.2.4 Song -- 8.3 Functions of Sound -- 8.3.1 Hunting and navigation -- 8.3.2 Individual and group recognition -- 8.3.3 Social cohesion and behaviour coordination -- 8.3.4 Mate finding -- 8.3.5 Agonistic and aggressive behaviour -- 8.4 Likelihood of a PAM Detection -- 8.5 Species Identification -- 8.5.1 Physeteridae -- 8.5.1.1 Sperm whale -- 8.5.2 Kogiidae -- 8.5.2.1 Pygmy sperm whale -- 8.5.3 Ziphiidae -- 8.5.3.1 Cuvier's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.2 Arnoux's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.3 Baird's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.4 Longman's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.5 Northern bottlenose whale -- 8.5.3.6 Gervais' beaked whale -- 8.5.3.7 Sowerby's beaked whale.
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8.5.3.8 Hubb's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.9 Stejneger's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.10 Blainville's beaked whale -- 8.5.3.11 Deraniyagala's beaked whale -- 8.5.4 Pontoporiidae -- 8.5.4.1 Franciscana/La Plata dolphin -- 8.5.5 Monodontidae -- 8.5.5.1 Narwhal -- 8.5.5.2 Beluga -- 8.5.6 Delphinidae -- 8.5.6.1 Commerson's or Kerguelen Islands dolphin -- 8.5.6.2 Chilean dolphin -- 8.5.6.3 Heaviside's dolphin -- 8.5.6.4 South Island or Maui's dolphin/North Island Hector's dolphin -- 8.5.6.5 Rough-toothed dolphin -- 8.5.6.6 Atlantic humpback dolphin -- 8.5.6.7 Pacific humpback dolphin -- 8.5.6.8 Guiana dolphin -- 8.5.6.9 Common or Black Sea bottlenose dolphin -- 8.5.6.10 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin -- 8.5.6.11 Offshore or coastal pantropical spotted dolphin -- 8.5.6.12 Atlantic spotted dolphin -- 8.5.6.13 Gray's, eastern, Central American or dwarf spinner dolphin -- 8.5.6.14 Clymene dolphin -- 8.5.6.15 Striped dolphin -- 8.5.6.16 Short-beaked or Black Sea common dolphin -- 8.5.6.17 Long-beaked or Indo-Pacific common dolphin -- 8.5.6.18 Fraser's dolphin -- 8.5.6.19 White-beaked dolphin -- 8.5.6.20 Atlantic white-sided dolphin -- 8.5.6.21 Pacific white-sided dolphin -- 8.5.6.22 African, Fitzroy 's , Peruvian/Chilean or New Zealand dusky dolphin -- 8.5.6.23 Peale's dolphin -- 8.5.6.24 Hourglass dolphin -- 8.5.6.25 Northern right whale dolphin -- 8.5.6.26 Risso's dolphin -- 8.5.6.27 Melon-headed whale -- 8.5.6.28 Pygmy killer whale -- 8.5.6.29 False killer whale -- 8.5.6.30 Resident or transient killer whale/orca -- 8.5.6.31 North Atlantic, southern or North Pacific long-finned pilot whale -- 8.5.6.32 Short-finned pilot whale -- 8.5.6.33 Irrawaddy dolphin -- 8.5.6.34 Australian snubfin dolphin -- 8.5.7 Phocoenidae -- 8.5.7.1 Indo-Pacific finless porpoise -- 8.5.7.2 East Asian narrow-ridged finless porpoise.
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8.5.7.3 Atlantic, eastern Pacific, Black Sea or western Pacific harbour/common porpoise -- 8.5.7.4 Vaquita -- 8.5.7.5 Dalli-type or Truei-type Dall's porpoise -- PAM Practice -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Existing PAM Technologies -- 9.3 PAM Equipment -- 9.3.1 Tow cable -- 9.3.2 Hydrophones -- 9.3.3 Depth sensor -- 9.3.4 Deck cable -- 9.3.5 Data Acquisition Unit -- 9.3.6 Sound cards -- 9.3.7 Computers -- 9.3.8 Filters and gain -- 9.3.9 GPS -- 9.3.10 Serial-to-USB converter -- 9.3.11 Gender changer -- 9.3.12 Headphones -- 9.3.13 Connectors -- 9.3.14 Oscilloscope -- 9.3.15 Tool kit -- 9.3.16 Tape -- 9.4 PAM Mobilisation -- 9.4.1 Unpacking -- 9.5 Deck Cable Run -- 9.6 PAM Monitoring Station Configuration -- 9.6.1 Data Acquisition Unit -- 9.6.2 DAU connectors -- 9.6.3 Sound cards -- 9.6.4 Computers -- 9.6.5 GPS or NMEA feed -- 9.6.6 Headphones -- 9.7 PAMGuard -- 9.7.1 Starting PAMGuard -- 9.7.2 Configuring PAMGuard: Part I -- 9.7.2.1 Maps and mapping -- 9.7.2.2 Sound processing -- 9.7.2.3 Displays -- 9.7.2.4 Detectors -- 9.7.2.5 Utilities -- 9.7.3 Hydrophone specifications and sampling rate -- 9.7.3.1 Hydrophone frequency range -- 9.7.3.2 Hydrophone sensitivity -- 9.7.3.3 Sampling rate -- 9.7.4 Configuring PAMGuard: Part II -- 9.7.4.1 Maps and mapping -- 9.7.4.2 Sound processing -- 9.7.4.3 Display -- 9.7.4.4 Detectors -- 9.7.4.5 Utilities -- 9.7.4.6 Hydrophone settings -- 9.7.4.7 Filters -- 9.7.5 PAMGuard troubleshooting -- 9.7.5.1 Freezing and/or restarting -- 9.7.5.2 Position fix error -- 9.7.5.3 Erratic cursor -- 9.7.5.4 Spectrogram -- 9.8 Tap (Noise) Test -- 9.9 Earthing -- 9.10 Depth Sensor Calibration -- 9.11 Tow Cable Deployment -- 9.11.1 General deployment -- 9.11.2 Seismic survey vessels -- 9.11.3 Offshore support vessels -- 9.11.4 Vertical deployment -- 9.12 PAM Monitoring -- 9.12.1 Shifts -- 9.12.2 Monitoring methods -- 9.12.3 Data collection.
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9.12.4 Detection metrics.
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