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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Lateral Vestibular Nucleus in the Rat. An Anterograde Tracing Study with Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Efferent projections from the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat were investigated with anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. Besides the well known mossy fibre connections to the cerebellar cortex and collaterals to the cerebellar nuclei, a substantial bilateral projection to the lateral vestibular nucleus was found. Terminal arborizations found within this nucleus appeared to detach from the reticulocerebellar fibres in the cerebellar white matter and enter the lateral vestibular nucleus from dorsally. This projection may have functional relevance for the control, by ascending spinal pathways, of the descending lateral vestibulospinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01133.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical blood flow recorded during early or delayed surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 131 (1994), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cortical blood flow ; autoregulation index ; intracranial aneurysm ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; timing of surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-three patients were operated on for ruptured intracranial aneurysms during a 12-month-period. Intraoperative evaluation of cortical blood flow by means of a thermal diffusion probe was performed in 23 out of the 41 patients who were operated on for aneurysms of the anterior circulation. The autoregulation index was determined at the time of raising the systemic blood pressure after clipping of the aneurysm(s). No statistically significant difference was found between the averages of the autoregulation indexes calculated in the subgroups of patients submitted respectively to early or delayed surgery. There was no correlation of both cortical blood flow and autoregulation with either age of the patients, or preoperative neurological grade. On the contrary, the autoregulation index showed a statistically significant correlation with outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01401447
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  • 3
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    Self-constrained inversion of potential fields (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-09
    Description: We present a potential-field-constrained inversion procedure based on a priori information derived exclusively from the analysis of the gravity and magnetic data (self-constrained inversion). The procedure is designed to be applied to underdetermined problems and involves scenarios where the source distribution can be assumed to be of simple character. To set up effective constraints, we first estimate through the analysis of the gravity or magnetic field some or all of the following source parameters: the source depth-to-the-top, the structural index, the horizontal position of the source body edges and their dip. The second step is incorporating the information related to these constraints in the objective function as depth and spatial weighting functions. We show, through 2-D and 3-D synthetic and real data examples, that potential field-based constraints, for example, structural index, source boundaries and others, are usually enough to obtain substantial improvement in the density and magnetization models.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 4
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    Application of artificial intelligence techniques in seismology and engineering seismology (2020)
    European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: In the field of risk evaluation and seismic hazard assessment, it is necessary to codify a great quantity of aspects of the so called knowledge and to supply an intelligent support for the not-well-defined problems (data uncertainty, lack of rigorous solution algorithms). The main feature of an expert system is to emulate effectively the behaviour of a human expert in a particular and defined field, enabling the final user to improve its decisional process and giving access to him to a knowledge base otherwise not clearly codified. From these general considerations the intention came to develop the prototype CZAR (Classificatore Zone A Rischio) that is an expert system reproducing the Italian seismic classification based on the definition of Seismic Hazard given by Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica (PFG) of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). The expert system built up on the commercial shell Nexpert Object is working on a personal computer through a graphic interface developed with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of Window 3.0. This user friendly interface makes possible the choice of different procedures to estimate the hazard parameters and also allows the activation of the classification inferential process. The influence of different assumptions and strategies has been evaluated by a mathematical algorithm suggested by the general structure of the Bayes’ theorem. In this paper the prototype of the expert system has been applied to the data relating to Toscana region (central Italy) and the interactive evaluation of the maps furnishes a relative measure for discrepancies on seismic classification in the 2nd seismic category.
    Description: Published
    Description: 153-173
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    An application on Geographic Information Systems connected to Expert System (2020)
    European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: The studies urban areas directed at the definition of seismic risk, raise the problem of the seismic vulnerability assessment of construction properties that require the estimation of the tendency to damage of a plurality of buildings. Very often one comes upon buildings that have been constructed in former epochs without the use of seismic codes and generally built in masonry. The leads to the search for procedures for vulnerability assessment, based on the rapid acquisition of information on existing buildings, which must furnish a sufficiently reliable assessment of the seismic damageability, generally without the possibility to refer to very sophisticated models. In previous works, assessments of seismic vulnerability have been effected using surveys transferred on National Project for Seismic Prevention (GNDT) sheets (Zonno and Ducarme, eds, 1992). These works have been realized using capes systems in order to treat with the uncertainty of the data. However, the analyses that only refer to GNDT sheets, are limited to single buildings, ideationally understood as isolated. An alternative and maybe complementary attempt is to assess the vulnerability of buildings in a global structural context using Geographic Information Systems to mapping the urban system, integrated with the surveys transferred on COOT sheets. The main characteristics of the building and the structural context, indices of a major or minor damageability, have been individuated, but it is difficult to define a rapid procedure for the assessment of seismic vulnerability. The idea was to use an expert system to codify a basis of the presently acquired knowledge and to apply it automatically on the basis of the results obtained by processes of space analyses calculated by GIS. On the basis of the data obtained with GNDT sheets, the vulnerability of the building can be assessed independently from the structural context (intrinsic vulnerability). The availability of data on the space distribution of the adjoining buildings permits an assessment on the effective vulnerability that takes into account the influence of the structural context. With relation to other works effected on the argument, the proposed system automatically assesses a large quantity of geocoded data either in geometry and in the structure of the components. In particular, in this work the seismic vulnerability assessment of the buildings is effected through the Geographic Information Systems PC Arc-Info connected with the Expert System Shell Nexpert Object, starting from the methods used by the GNDT of the National Council for Research (CNR) (Benedetti and Petrini, 1984; Baldi and Corsanego, 1987) and integrating the effects of anisotropics of the structural behaviour and context (Grimaz, 1992-93).
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-128
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 6
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    A review of the gravity and magnetic studies in the Tyrrhenian Basin and its volcanic districts (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Since the Sixties, the turning point marked by the Plate Tectonics global theory has provided new ideas for the interpretation of the complex geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean area. The renewed interest that followed gave a strong impulse to the geological and geophysical investigations of the Mediterranean area and, more specifically, of the Tyrrhenian Basin. Therefore, large scale geophysical surveys and oceanographic cruises were carried out until the end of the Eighties to fill the gap of geophysical information existing in the area until then. Afterwards, short scale surveys were prevalent to improve the detail of the information in areas of geodynamic interest. The gathered data sets allowed new models to be formulated, improving the knowledge of the crustal and lithospheric structure of the Tyrrhenian Basin (and surrounding areas) and the reconstruction of its complex geodynamic evolution. In this frame, the contribution of gravity and magnetic investigations has been unquestionable and deserves a wide-ranging review both on large and small scale. The main features of the potential fields resulting from these surveys will be described and the interpretative models suggested by several authors will be summarized.
    Description: 1-23
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tyrrhenian Basin ; gravity anomaly field ; Magnetic anomaly field ; enhancing techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Improved techniques in data analysis and interpretation of potential fields: examples of application in volcanic and seismically active areas (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Geopotential data may be interpreted by many different techniques, depending on the nature of the mathematical equations correlating specific unknown ground parameters to the measured data set. The investigation based on the study of the gravity and magnetic anomaly fields represents one of the most important geophysical approaches in the earth sciences. It has now evolved aimed both at improving of known methods and testing other new and reliable techniques. This paper outlines a general framework for several applications of recent techniques in the study of the potential methods for the earth sciences. Most of them are here described and significant case histories are shown to illustrate their reliability on active seismic and volcanic areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravimetry ; potential fields ; geomagnetism ; signal enhancement techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1133023 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Boundaries of magnetic anomaly sources in the Tyrrhenian region (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Analysis of the analytic signal of the aeromagnetic field in the Tyrrhenian region allowed the systematic location of the boundaries of magnetic shallow sources. This method was chosen because of its independence from the magnetization and inducing field direction, and the results were similar to those of the boundary analysis of the horizontal gradient of the pseudogravity transformed field. The analytic signal was computed by a stable algorithm based on the second order horizontal derivatives of the field and Laplace equation. The complexity of the investigated area is well reflected in the aeromagnetic field and an objective and systematic study, such as boundary analysis, provided a rather complete description of the main regional structures. Significant trends indicated the existence of structures, whose nature was still unknown or uncertain. These included structures located between the Vavilov and De Marchi seamounts, NW of Stromboli Island, south of Ponza Island, a buried horst immediately south of the Cilento coastline, a body located northwest of the Cassinis seamount and other small magnetized structures located south of the Tuscanian archipelago. In many cases, a better definition of several structures previously recognized was obtained as in the case of some tectonic alignments (e.g., the Elba ridge, the Romolo and Selli lines, etc.), a large number of igneous seamounts (e.g., Magnaghi, Marsili, Vavilov, Anchise, Quirra, Enarete, Eolo and Sisifo seamounts) and several crystalline outcrops (e.g., Ichnusa, Vercelli, M. della Rondine, Tiberino, Cassinis, Traiano, Glauco and Augusto seamounts).
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: magnetic anomalies ; crustal structures ; Tyrrhenian basin ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 4846682 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Parameters estimation of intensity decay relationships (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper presents a methodology that analyses a set of observed intensities and estimates the parameters of an adopted attenuation law directly using the data points. A procedure was developed to define and evaluate the equivalent radii Di of the isoseismal lines. From these data it is possible to derive the parameters of the attenuation law. Moreover a validation procedure was developed to measure the capability of intensity decay relationships to reproduce the observed intensities. A case study of 55 earthquakes, divided into 9 subsets, of similar-attenuation zones, was analysed, using, as attenuation law, the one proposed by Grandori (1987, l991) to estimate either the parameters for each single earthquake or the parameters of an average intensity decay relationship for the similar-attenuation zones. The calculated intensity decay relationships result in 60- 70% of correctly reproduced points for most intensity data maps analysed. Analysing the similar-attenuation zones and different earthquakes simultaneously, the parameters of attenuation laws obtain results with a lower percentage of correctly reproduced points. The proposed methodology seems to be effective and suitable to reach practical results in parameters estimation of intensity decay relationships.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: intensity data-points ; equivalent radius ; intensity decay relationships ; validation criteria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 5247782 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Multiparametric data analysis for seismic source identification in the Campanian area: merging of seismological, structural and gravimetric data (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: This paper deals with an interdisciplinary research that has been carried out to investigate the neotectonic activity of the Campanian plain and surrounding areas (southern Italy), affected by Plio-Pleistocene tectonics and volcanic activity. Three thematic data sets have been generated for this area, “fault”, “earthquake” and “gravimetric” data sets, respectively. These data sets allow an integrated analysis of the structural, seismic and gravimetric data in GIS environment with the aim of identifying the active structural lineaments that accommodate the local stress through seismic activity. In detail, an original map with Plio-Quaternary tectonic structures of the Campanian plain and its margins, constrained by morpho-structural analysis and/or geophysical exploration data, is presented. The available earthquake data sets have been merged in a single data set, including seismicity in the Campanian area from 217 b.C. to 2010; processing of seismic data for new precise earthquake locations have been carried out for some clusters of events with poor data, for better constraining existence and activity of some outcropping and buried tectonic structures. As regards the gravimetric data set, a Multiscale Derivative Analysis (MDA) of the gravity field of the area has been performed, relying on the high resolution properties of the Enhanced Horizontal Derivative (EHD). MDA of gravity data allowed localization of several linear and close trends, identifying anomaly sources whose presence was not previously detected. Our integrated analysis shows that a strong correlation occurs among the new hypocentral locations of the seismic clusters matching the fault systems of the Massico Mt. and Avella Mts., and the MDA lineaments from gravity data relative to the same tectonic structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 283-298
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: seismic sources, seismicity, gravimetry, geology, Campania, southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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