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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial mats in the hypersaline ponds of Mediterranean salterns (Salins-de-Giraud, France) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microbial mats that develop in the gypsum crust of the hypersaline ponds of Salins-de-Giraud (Camargue, France) were carefully investigated between 1989 and 1991. During the warm seasons, when these mats were fully developed, analyses of microbial activities and microprofiles of oxygen and sulfide have shown a great activity of the different kinds of bacteria found in the mat below the gypsum crust. Oxygen production could amount to 2 μmol cm−3 h−1 during the maximum daylight whereas the oxidation of sulfide in the light was calculated to be 12.7 μmol cm−3 h−1, i.e. 300 to 180 mmol m−2 day−1 assuming 8–10 hours of constant daylight and a sulfide oxidation zone of 3 mm in thickness. This sulfide oxidation consumes about 65–95% of the diel sulfide production which has been estimated to be 400 to 450 mmol m−2 day−1 originating from sulfate reduction which takes place in the 6 cm depth horizon of sediment plus mat. According to the amounts of sulfate precipitated at the sediment surface in the form of gypsum, sulfate reduction is never limited and was found to be among the highest values reported in the literature (average value of 8200 nmols cm−3 day−1). Completely covered by the gypsum crust, this ecosystem has been found to react as a closed system. Consequently, the sulfide does not escape and accumulate below the crust. It was detected up to the top of the mat after a few hours of darkness. It is reoxidized during the day by the photosynthetic organisms that from the mats. These latter mats were composed of 2 to 3 laminated layers of phototrophic organisms: an upper brown layer of the cyanobacterium Aphanothece, an intermediate green layer of the cyanobacterium Phormidium and an underlying red layer of purple sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from which two new halophilic species were isolated (Chromatium salexigens and Thiocapsa halophila). It has been found that the accumulated sulfide is oxidized not only by the phototrophic bacteria in the sulfide oxidation zone but also by the oxygen produced by the cyanobacteria which are able to photosynthesize in the presence of sulfide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00074.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude des eaux rouges dues à la prolifération des bactéries photosynthétiques sulfo-oxydantes dans l'étang du Prévost, lagune saumâtre méditerranéenne (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 56 (1980), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dystrophic crises or “malaígues” with red water, were observed in summer, in Mediterranean brackish lagoons near Montpellier, France. During July 1976, the photosynthetic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria causing this phenomenon were isolated from the Prévost lagoon. The most important genera isolated from this red water wereChromatium, Thiocystis andThiocapsa (Chromatiaceae): the predominant species wasThiocapsa roseopersicina. Water and sediment samples from the same lagoon were collected during the winter season (October 1976 and January 1977) and were enriched with organic matter. The samples were incubated in aquaria under artificial light (800 to 1000 lux) at room temperature (ca. 22°C). Eight to 10 days later, red water developed which was similar to that observedin situ in summer. These red waters develop under conditions of anaerobiosis and H2S production. Such conditions are necessary for the growth of Chromatiaceae. Excessive deposists of organic matter in the lagoon water lead to increased oxygen consumption and overproduction of hydrogen sulfide, which can be oxidized by photosynthetic sulfideoxidizing bacteria. This bacteria “bloom” (causing the red water) removes the hydrogen sulfide, thus re-establishing aerobiotic conditions in the water of the Prévost lagoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645342
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology and physiology of phototrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine salterns (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 473-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Phototrophic bacteria ; sulfate-reducing bacteria ; marine salterns ; halophilic sulfur bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Marine salterns are habitats for a large variety of halophilic bacteria. In the anoxic zones, halophilic sulfur bacteria develop mainly at the sediment surface, but only a few of them have so far been isolated from such environments. Among the phototrophic sulfur bacteria that sometimes form purple layers underneath the green cyanobacterial layers, members of the generaEctothiodhodospira, Chromatium (C. salexigens), Thiocapsa (T. halophila) were isolated. They grow by using sulfide as an electron donor. In the marine salterns, sulfide originates from active sulfate reduction. Among the halophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, onlyDesulfovibrio halophilus andDesulfohalobium retbaense have so far been isolated. The ecology and physiology of both kinds of bacteria are discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955148
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiorhodococcus minus, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new purple sulfur bacterium isolated from coastal lagoon sediments (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 16-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Chromatiaceae ; Thiorhodococcus ; Thiocystis ; Thiocapsa ; Coastal lagoon ; Bacteriochlorophyll a ; Rhodopin ; Phylogenetic ; relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new marine phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium (strain CE2203) was isolated in pure culture from a man-made coastal lagoon located on the Atlantic coast (Arcachon Bay, France). Single cells were coccus-shaped, did not contain gas vesicles, and were highly motile. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the vesicular type. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the normal spirilloxanthin series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, and molecular hydrogen were used as electron donors during photolithotrophic growth under anoxic conditions, while carbon dioxide was utilized as carbon source. Acetate, propionate, lactate, glycolate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinate, fructose, sucrose, ethanol, and propanol were photoassimilated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. During growth on sulfide, elemental sulfur globules were stored inside the cells. Chemotrophic growth under microoxic conditions in the dark was possible. The DNA base composition was 66.9 mol% G+C. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the membership of strain CE2203 in the family Chromatiaceae. Morphological characteristics of strain CE2203 indicated a close affiliation to the genera Thiocystis and Thiocapsa. However, the phylogenetic treeing revealed no closer relationship to Thiocystis spp. than to Thiocapsa roseopersicina or other known members of the Chromatiaceae. Consequently, strain CE2203 is proposed as the type strain of a new genus and species, Thiorhodococcus minus gen. nov., sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050464
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatium glycolicum sp. nov., a moderately halophilic purple sulfur bacterium that uses glycolate as substrate (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 167 (1997), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsChromatium glycolicum ; Phototrophic ; bacteria ; Halophilic bacteria ; Hypersaline ecosystems ; Microbial mats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From the microbial mats that develop in Solar Lake, a new purple sulfur bacterium was isolated. This strain (Chromatium strain SL 3201) was morphologically similar to Chromatium gracile and Chromatium minutissimum. Chromatium SL 3201 was found to be a moderate halophile with a growth range between 2 and 20% NaCl (optimum 4–5% NaCl) and was able to grow photo-organotrophically using glycolate and glycerol. It is the first described phototrophic sulfur bacterium able to use glycolate. According to NaCl requirements and utilization of organic compounds, the strain is not related to any known species of the genus Chromatium. On the basis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, it clusters with other Chromatium species and is most similar to Chromatium salexigens and Chr. gracile, but it is sufficiently separated to be considered as a new species of the genus. It is, therefore, described as Chromatium glycolicum sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in eutrophic coastal lagoons of the French Mediterranean and Atlantic Coasts (Prévost Lagoon, Arcachon Bay, Certes fishponds) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 329 (1996), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Coastal lagoons ; eutrophication ; phototrophic bacteria ; purple nonsulfur bacteria ; purple sulfur bacteria ; bacterial diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sediment samples collected from coastal lagoons on the French Mediterranean (Prévost Lagoon) and Atlantic coasts (Arcachon Bay and Certes fishponds) have been studied in order to determine the population densities and the species diversity of the different groups of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria and green sulfur bacteria) present in these ecosystems. Several strains of each group were isolated in pure culture and characterized by their physiological properties. The occurrence of purple nonsulfur bacteria in organic rich sediments of the Arcachon Bay and the dominance of purple sulfur bacteria in the Prévost lagoon and Certes fishponds are discussed with respect to their community structure and abundance. The diversity differences of the phototrophic bacterial strains isolated from both environments are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034545
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial Wetland Performances in the Purification Efficiency of Hydrocarbon Wastewater (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 104 (1998), S. 313-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: artificial wetlands ; biodegradation ; hydrocarbon ; Lemna minor ; Typha latifolia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An artificial wetland planted with Typha latifolia was fed during a 360-day experiment with a reconstituted hydrocarbon wastewater (60 ppm, 850 L day−1). Concentrations and chemical composition were periodically monitored. The epuration efficiency was studied together with the accumulation in sediment and the bacterial development. The apparent effluent concentration was below 8 mg L−1 and the decrease in hydrocarbon concentration raised 90%. pH ranged between 6.9 and 8 and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were below 10 mg L−1. Hydrocarbon amount accumulated in sediment was estimated to be less than 10% of the input amount. We observed a high development of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (106 bac mL−1) and hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria (105 bac mL−1), which probably interacted with the plants for the biodegradation of hydrocarbon (in the saturated effluent fraction, normal alkane biodegradation amounted to approximatively 80%). A comparative system with floating plants (Lemma minor), named ‘control bed’, was studied in parellel and showed lower performances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004928009345
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  • 8
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    Genus 〈em〉Thiocapsa〈/em〉 (2005)
    Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Gammaproteobacteria. , ed. by Brenner, D. J., Krieg, N. R. and Staley, J. T. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., New York, pp. 26-28. 2 ISBN 978-0-387-24144-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Genus 〈em〉Thiohalocapsa〈/em〉 (2005)
    Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Gammaproteobacteria. , ed. by Brenner, D. J., Krieg, N. R. and Staley, J. T. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., New York, pp. 34-35. ISBN 978-0-387-24144-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Genus Thiorhodococcus (2005)
    Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Gammaproteobacteria. , ed. by Brenner, D. J., Krieg, N. R. and Staley, J. T. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., New York, pp. 37-38. ISBN -10: 0-387-24144-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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