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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the spaces between the metacarpal and metatarsal heads (1990)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 12 (1990), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Hand ; Bursae ; Metacarpal heads ; Metatarsal heads
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude des espaces intercapito-métacarpiens sur 23 sujets frais et conservés soulève la question de l'existence de bourses séreuses à ce niveau, à l'instar des études récentes [1, 4] faites au niveau du pied. Une dissection soigneuse et des études histologiques apparaissent compatibles avec l'une des hypothèses suivantes: la présence soit de bourses séreuses non décrites jusqu'ici dans les ouvrages d'anatomie, soit d'espaces virtuels inter-capito-métacarpiens limités distalement par un cul-de-sac des aponévroses de la main au niveau des 2e, 3e et 4e espaces. Des études histologiques pouvant déterminer de façon plus spécifique la nature de la membrane limitante de ces espaces dans sa partie libre, ainsi que des études pathologiques qui mettraient en évidence les pathologies habituelles des bourses séreuses au niveau de ces espaces, sont nécessaires afin d'affirmer définitivement leur nature. La comparaison entre les espaces inter-capito-métacarpiens et inter-capito-métatarsiens et leurs membranes limitantes a mis en évidence des caractéristiques semblables tant au point de vue anatomique qu'histologique.
    Notes: Summary The study of the spaces between the metacarpal heads on 23 cadavers, raises the question of the existence of bursae at this level. This is in line with recent studies [1, 4] suggesting that such bursae are present at this level in the foot. Careful dissection and histological studies revealed characteristics compatible with both of the following hypotheses: either the existence of bursae not described until now in anatomy text-books, or spaces limited by a cul-de-sac of the aponeuroses of the hand in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits. Tissue analyses that could determine more specifically the nature of the limiting membrane of these spaces, as well as pathological studies demonstrating the occurrence of common anomalies of bursae in these spaces, are required in order to conclude definitively the nature of the spaces between the metacarpal heads. The gross anatomical and histological characteristics of the spaces between the metacarpal and metatarsal heads and of their limiting membranes were compared and found to be analogous in our series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02094122
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acute administration of cyclazocine on the metabolism of biogenic amines in different regions of rat brain (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cyclazocine ; Acute treatment ; Dopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Serotonin ; Monoamine metabolites ; Brain regional assay ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cyclazocine on the metabolism of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in regions of rat brain were studied by measuring changes in the levels of the monoamines and their major metabolites. Doses ranging from 4–32 mg/kg were tested. Rats were sacrificed 1 or 2 h after administration of the drug, according to the experiment. Administration of cyclazocine significantly decreased DA concentration and increased the levels of DOPAC and HVA in striatum. Cyclazocine decreased the levels of NA, and markedly increased the levels of MHPG-SO4 and 5-HIAA in cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons-medulla, while little change in 5-HT concentration, except a decrease after the highest dose, was observed. These changes in the metabolism of the monoamines differed in their amplitude and temporal nature. The possible roles of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons in different brain regions are discussed in relation to modifications of locomotor activity and the induction of bizarre behavior resulting from cyclazocine administration in rats. These investigations may add to the understanding of the mechanism of psychotomimetic effects produced in man by this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433507
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude comparative des espaces inter-capito-métacarpiens et inter-capito-métatarsiens (1990)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 12 (1990), S. 11-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Nos données sont compatibles avec l'existence de bourses séreuses au niveau de la main et du pied (figs. 8, 9). Cependant, l'absence de descriptions antérieures précises, la difficulté d'individualisation de la paroi, l'aspect translucide et l'extrême fragilité de la paroi libre dans sa partie distale, l'existence d'une structure histologique compatible avec celle d'une membrane de bouse séreuse, mais non-spécifique, et l'absence de liquide dans ces espaces ne permettent pas de conclure de manière définitive et sans équivoque qu'il s'agit de bourses séreuses. Des études histologiques permettant de déterminer de façon plus spécifique la nature de la membrane limitante de ces espaces dans leur partie libre, ainsi que des études pathologiques qui mettraient en évidence les pathologies habituelles des bourses séreuses (inflammation, épaississement de la membrane, présence de liquide en quantité accrue) au niveau de ces espaces, sont nécessaires afin de conclure définitivement sur la nature des espaces inter-capito-métacarpiens et inter-capitométatarsiens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02285762
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facteurs influençant la structure des groupements de macro-invertébrés benthiques et phytophiles dans la zone littorale du Saint-Laurent (Québec) (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 97 (1982), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: benthos ; phytomacrofauna ; macroinvertebrates ; macrophytes ; substrate ; organic matter ; current velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the littoral zone of the St-Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada), benthic and phytophilous macroinvertebrates were studied in order to find and to explain relationships between structure of these animal communities and abiotic (substrate, water depth, current velocity) or biotic (marophytes species) factors. Benthos was sampled at 16 sites in spring, when there was no macrophytic vegetation, and in summer. Phytomacrofauna was sampled at 30 sites in summer. The data were analyzed using simple and partial correlations, stepwise regression, reciprocal averaging and canonical correlation analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014959
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  • 5
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    The Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 Enzymes Are Highly Active in Bile Acid Glucuronidation [Short Communications] (2013)
    The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-14
    Description: Bile acids (BA) are essential modulators of lipid, glucose, and cholesterol homeostasis, but they exert cytotoxic effects in the cholestatic liver. Glucuronidation, catalyzed by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes is a pharmacologically relevant BA detoxification process. The present study characterized the BA-conjugating activity of the little-studied human UGTs of subfamily 2A: UGT2A1, 2A2, and 2A3. Recombinant UGT2As, expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells, were assayed for the glucuronidation of six major bile acids: chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA), lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), hyocholic acid (HCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). UGT2A3 exhibited detectable but very low activity with all the tested BA substrates. UGT2A1 was highly efficient in forming LCA-3 and LCA-24G, CDCA-24, DCA-24, HCA-24, and HDCA-24G, whereas UGT2A2 was the most active enzyme for CA-24G and CDCA-24G formation and also was able to generate HDCA-6G, HDCA-24G, LCA-24G, and HCA-24G. The K m values of UGT2A1 varied between 102.2 ± 14.3 µ M and 2.4 ± 1.2 mM. With the exception of CA-24G, a low affinity substrate for UGT2A2, all the K m values for UGT2A2 were in the 100 to 400 µ M range. We demonstrate the high reactivity of the human UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 for bile acid glucuronidation. The physiologic importance of these reactions to BA disposition remains, however, to be clarified in vivo.
    Print ISSN: 0090-9556
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-009X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
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  • 6
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    Higher risk of death among MEN1 patients with mutations in the JunD interacting domain: a Groupe d'etude des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) cohort study (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-24
    Description: Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1), which is secondary to mutation of the MEN1 gene, is a rare autosomal-dominant disease that predisposes mutation carriers to endocrine tumors. Although genotype–phenotype studies have so far failed to identify any statistical correlations, some families harbor recurrent tumor patterns. The function of MENIN is unclear, but has been described through the discovery of its interacting partners. Mutations in the interacting domains of MENIN functional partners have been shown to directly alter its regulation abilities. We report on a cohort of MEN1 patients from the Groupe d ’ étude des Tumeurs Endocrines. Patients with a molecular diagnosis and a clinical follow-up, totaling 262 families and 806 patients, were included. Associations between mutation type, location or interacting factors of the MENIN protein and death as well as the occurrence of MEN1-related tumors were tested using a frailty Cox model to adjust for potential heterogeneity across families. Accounting for the heterogeneity across families, the overall risk of death was significantly higher when mutations affected the JunD interacting domain (adjusted HR = 1.88: 95%-CI = 1.15–3.07). Patients had a higher risk of death from cancers of the MEN1 spectrum (HR = 2.34; 95%-CI = 1.23–4.43). This genotype–phenotype correlation study confirmed the lack of direct genotype–phenotype correlations. However, patients with mutations affecting the JunD interacting domain had a higher risk of death secondary to a MEN1 tumor and should thus be considered for surgical indications, genetic counseling and follow-up.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Immunogenicity of the Bivalent Oral Cholera Vaccine Shanchol in Haitian Adults With HIV Infection (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: We evaluated immune responses following bivalent oral cholera vaccination (Shanchol [Shantha Biotechnics]; BivWC) in a cohort of 25 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in Haiti. Compared with adults without HIV infection, vaccination in HIV-infected individuals resulted in lower vibriocidal responses against Vibrio cholerae O1, and there was a positive relationship between the CD4 + T-cell count and vibriocidal responses following vaccination. Nevertheless, seroconversion occurred at a rate of 65% against the Ogawa serotype and 74% against the Inaba serotype in adults with HIV infection. These results suggest that the vaccine retains substantial immunogenicity in adults with HIV infection and may benefit this population by protecting against cholera.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1899
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-6613
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
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  • 8
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    Brentuximab vedotin and AVD followed by involved-site radiotherapy in early stage, unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-16
    Description: This multicenter pilot study assessed the safety and efficacy of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and AVD (adriamycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) followed by 30 Gy involved site radiation therapy (ISRT). Patients with newly diagnosed, early stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with unfavorable-risk features were treated with 4 cycles of BV and AVD. Patients who achieved a negative positron emission tomography (PET) scan (Deauville score of 1-3) received 30 Gy ISRT. Thirty patients received treatment and were assessable for toxicity. Twenty-nine patients completed 4 cycles of BV + AVD, and 25 patients BV + AVD + 30 Gy ISRT. No clinically significant noninfectious pneumonitis was observed. Serious adverse events (≥grade 3) were reported in 4 patients, including febrile neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, and hypertension. After 2 and 4 cycles of BV + AVD, 90% (26 of 29) and 93% (27 or 29) of patients achieved a negative PET scan, respectively. Two patients with biopsy-proven primary refractory HL were treated off-study. All 25 patients who completed BV + AVD + ISRT achieved a complete response. With a median follow-up of 18.8 months, by intent to treat, the 1-year progression-free survival is 93.3% (95% confidence interval, 84-102). Overall, the treatment was well-tolerated with no evidence of significant pulmonary toxicity. The majority of patients (≥90%) achieved negative interim PET scans after 2 and 4 cycles of BV + AVD. Excluding the 2 primary refractory patients, all patients are disease free, suggesting that this is a highly active treatment program even in patients with substantial disease bulk. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01868451.
    Keywords: Free Research Articles, Lymphoid Neoplasia, Clinical Trials and Observations
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 9
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    Ablation Therapy Improves Androgen Glucuronidation in Prostate Cancer (2013)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-03
    Description: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADTh) remains a mainstay of prostate cancer treatment, but its efficacy is bypassed by mechanisms that are not fully understood. In human prostate cancer cells, androgen glucuronidation, catalyzed by the two UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, is the major androgen inactivation pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of ADTh on androgen glucuronidation to evaluate its potential clinical utility for prostate cancer prognosis or therapy. UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 expression was evaluated in prostate cancer specimens from untreated or treated patients and in cell models of prostate cancer exposed to clinically relevant antiandrogens. UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 protein levels in prostate were increased after 5 months of ADTh when compared with specimens from untreated patients. UGT2B15 expression remained elevated for up to 12 months, but UGT2B17 returned to initial levels as soon as after 6 months. Several androgen receptor (AR) antagonists tested caused a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 expression and androgen glucuronidation in prostate cancer cell lines. The role of AR in these regulatory events was confirmed using AR-deficient LNCaP cells, in which UGT2B attenuation reduced the antiproliferative effects of AR pharmacologic antagonists. Through this combination of clinical and functional investigations, our work revealed that ADTh stimulates a local androgen metabolism in prostate cells, establishing a foundation to evaluate the potential of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 as drug targets and/or molecular markers for ADTh responsiveness and maintenance in prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 73(23); 6963–71. ©2013 AACR.
    Print ISSN: 0008-5472
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-7445
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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  • 10
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    SRD5A Polymorphisms and Androgens in Prostate Cancer (2014)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: Purpose: Polymorphisms in the genes SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 encoding androgen biosynthetic 5α-reductase enzymes have been associated with an altered risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in localized prostate cancer. Experimental Design: To gain potential insights into SRD5A biologic effects, we examined the relationship between SRD5A prognostic markers and endogenous sex-steroid levels measured by mass spectrometry in plasma samples and corresponding prostatic tissues of patients with prostate cancer. Results: We report that five of the seven SRD5A markers differentially affect sex-steroid profiles of dihydrotestosterone and its metabolites in both the circulation and prostatic tissues of patients with prostate cancer. Remarkably, a 32% increase in intraprostatic testosterone levels was observed in the presence of the high-risk SRD5A rs2208532 polymorphism. Moreover, SRD5A2 markers were associated predominantly with circulating levels of inactive glucuronides. Indeed, the rs12470143 SRD5A2 protective allele was associated with high circulating androstane-3α, 17β-diol-17-glucuronide (3α-diol-17G) levels as opposed to lower levels of both 3α-diol-17G and androsterone-glucuronide observed with the rs2208532 SRD5A2 risk allele. Moreover, SRD5A2 rs676033 and rs523349 (V89L) risk variants, in strong linkage disequilibrium, were associated with higher circulating levels of 3α-diol-3G. The SRD5A2 rs676033 variant further correlated with enhanced intraprostatic exposure to 5α-reduced steroids (dihydrotestosterone and its metabolite 3β-diol). Similarly, the SRD5A1 rs166050C risk variant was associated with greater prostatic exposure to androsterone, whereas no association was noted with circulating steroids. Conclusions: Our data support the association of 5α-reductase germline polymorphisms with the hormonal milieu in patients with prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate if these variants influence 5α-reductase inhibitor efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 576–84. ©2013 AACR .
    Print ISSN: 1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-3265
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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