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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton :Princeton University Press,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: No detailed description available for "Social Foraging Theory".
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (379 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780691188348
    Series Statement: Monographs in Behavior and Ecology Series ; v.73
    DDC: 591.56/5118
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Social Foraging Theory: Definitions,Concepts, and Methods -- 1.1 What Is Social Foraging? -- 1.2 Concepts and Methods of Social Foraging Theory -- 1.3 Interactions Amon gSocial Foragers -- 1.4 Concluding Remarks -- Math Boxes 1.1-1.3 -- PART ONE: Group Membership Games -- 2 Two-Person Games: Competitive Solutions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Achieving an Aggregation Economy -- 2.3 A Symmetric Group Membership Game -- 2.4 An Asymmetric Group Membership Game -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks -- Math Box 2.1 -- 3 Two-Person Games: Conditional Cooperation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Food-Sharing with a Communal Cost -- 3.3 Food-Calling and Cooperation -- 3.4 Concluding Remarks -- Mat hBoxes 3.1-3.3 -- 4 Group Size in Aggregation Economies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4. 2 Which Group Size to Expect? -- 4.3 The Effect of Genetic Relatedness on Equilibrium Group Size -- 4. 4 Integrating Entry Rules, Relatedness, and Aggressive Dominance -- 4. 5 Risk-Sensitive Group Membership Games -- 4. 6 Concluding Remarks -- Math Boxes 4.1-4.4 -- 5 Predicting Group Size in Dispersion Economies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Introduction to Continuous Input Models -- 5.3 Changing the Assumption sof Continuous Input Models -- 5.4 Introduction to Interference Models -- 5.5 Changing the Assumption sof Interference Models -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- PART TWO: Producer-Scrounger Decisions -- 6 An Introduction to Producer-Scrounger Games -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Diversity of Kleptoparasitism -- 6.3 Kleptoparasitism: A Game-Theoretic Approach -- 6.4 A Symmetric Rate-Maximizing Producer-Scrounger Model -- 6.5 Empirical Tests of the Rate-Maximizing Producer-Scrounger Model -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- Math Box 6.1 -- 7 Producer-Scrounger Games in Stochastic Environments -- 7.1 Introduction. , 7.2 A Stochastic Producer-Scrounger Game -- 7.3 Analysis of the Stochastic Game -- 7.4 Numerical Evaluation -- 7.5 Experimental Evidence of Risk-Sensitive Producer-Scrounger Decisions -- 7.6 Concluding Remarks -- Math Boxes 7.1-7.2 -- PART THREE: Decisions within Patches -- 8 Social Patch and Prey Models -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Models of Social Patch Exploitation -- 8.3 Tests of Social Patch Models -- 8.4 Social Prey Models -- 8.5 Concluding Remarks -- PART FOUR: Models of Phenotypic Diversity -- 9 Quantifying Phenotypic Diversity -- 9.1 Composition of Foraging Groups -- 9.2 Quantifying Variability in Foraging Behavior -- 9.3 Phenotypic Diversity -- 9.4 Concluding Remarks -- Math Box 9.1 -- 10 Learning in Foraging Groups -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Some Functional Definitions of Learning -- 10.3 Learning How: Individual Learning Only -- 10.4 Models of Individual Learning Only -- 10.5 Learning How: Social Learning -- 10.6 Models with Both Individual and Social Learning How -- 10.7 Learning About: Individual Learning -- 10.8 Learning About. Social Learning -- 10.9 Concluding Remarks -- Math Boxes 10.1-10.3 -- 11 Efficiency of Diversity: The Skill Pool -- 11.1 Background -- 11.2 A Skill Pool: Static Model -- 11.3 A Skill Pool: Stochastic Dynamic Model -- 11.4 Conclusions -- Math Box 11.1 -- PART FIVE: Final Thoughts -- 12 Synthesis and Conclusions -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Group Membership Models -- 12.3 Searching Decisions within Groups -- 12.4 Models for Decisions within Patches -- 12.5 Models of Phenotypic Diversity -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Subject Index -- Species Index.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 55 (1993), S. 675-691 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 62 (2000), S. 793-794 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 285 (1980), S. 400-401 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Previous studies indicate that individual yellow-eyed juncos scan for predators less often as flock size increases, while both feeding time and aggressive behaviour increase simultaneously7. The proportion of time an individual spends in aggressive behaviour also varies with temperature and food ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 12 (1983), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary White-crowned sparrows were presented with a series of two-choice experiments. Mean rewards were the same in each experiment, but the standard deviations differed. When fed at a rate faster than that minimally required to meet daily costs, the birds most often preferred the reward with the lower standard deviation. However, when the same birds could expect an energy deficiency, they most often preferred the greater standard deviation. For each sparrow and each mean reward level, I attempted to construct a preference ranking based on experimental pairwise comparisons of all elements of a set of reward probability distributions. The birds usually mostpreferred the minimal or maximal standard deviation, depending on whether they avoided or favored reward variability. However, in a few cases either an intermediate standard deviation was most-preferred, or a bird exhibited inconsistency in its preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 8 (1981), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Juncos' preferences for constant versus variable food rewards were tested in three series of aviary experiments. Deprivation and feeding rates were varied across the three treatments, but the mean of the variable reward equalled the constant reward in every experiment. When the birds gained energy faster than required to meet all 24-h costs, they preferred the constant reward. When the birds' energy intake was less than the minimally required rate, they preferred the variable reward. When energy intake just balanced average daily costs, the birds preferred the constant reward or were indifferent, and their response depended on the particular mean-variance combination presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 26 (1990), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Foraging theory depicts dietary choice as a function of prey quality and absolute abundance. Ecological processes, however, can depend on the way foragers respond to the relative abundances of available prey types; several models for frequency-dependent foraging adequately describe these responses. Our laboratory experiments with white-throated sparrows investigated preferential choice of two food rewards as we manipulated both reward quality and relative abundance. In any single experiment the two rewards provided the same mean food quantity, but the variances differed. Average energy budgets predicted risk-aversion, so that foraging preference should decrease as reward variance increases. We presented each two-reward pairing at availability ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 for three consecutive days. By the third day risk-aversion exceeded preference for reward variance significantly. When relative abundances of the low and high variance rewards were not equal, the birds tended to prefer the rare over the common reward. This response began before the birds had thoroughly sampled the reward distributions. Preference for rarity apparently constrained the birds' economic response to reward variance levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 7 (1993), S. 429-438 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: group size ; inclusive fitness ; Nash equilibrium ; relatedness ; sociality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We use Hamilton's Rule to investigate effects of genetic relatedness on the predicted size of social groups. We assume an aggregation economy; individual fitness initially increases with group size, but in sufficiently large groups each member's individual fitness declines with further increments in the size of the group. We model two processes of group formation, designated free entry and group-controlled entry. The first model assumes that solitary individuals decide to join groups or remain alone; group size equilibrates when solitaries no longer choose to join. The second model allows group members to regulate the size of the group, so that the predicted group size results from members' decisions to repel or accept intruding solitaries. Both the Nash equilibrium group size and any change in the equilibrium caused by varying the level of relatedness depend on the particular entry rule assumed. The largest equilibrium group size occurs when solitaries choose between joining or not joining and individuals are unrelated. Increasing genetic relatedness may reduce and can never increase, equilibrium group size when this entry rule applies. The smallest equilibrium group size occurs when group members choose between repelling or accepting intruders and individuals are unrelated. Under this entry rule, increasing genetic relatedness can increase and can never decrease, equilibrium group size. We extend the models' predictions to suggest when individuals should prefer kin vs non-kin as members of the same group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 8 (1994), S. 299-314 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: competition ; ecological stencil ; epidemic ; parasitism ; spatial model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Disease can influence a host population's dynamics directly or indirectly through effects on the host's interactions with competitors and exploiters. We present a stochastic, spatially explicit model for the epidemiological landscape of a vector-borne disease. Two host species, of unequal competitive strength, are attacked by a selective parasite; the parasite serves as a vector for a pathogen. We emphasize the importance of the ecological stencil, i.e. the local area where ecological interactions govern a site's species composition. We demonstrate analytically that varying the size of the ecological stencil critically affects the dynamics of the host densities and the potential equilibrium configuration of the system. We point out how parallel computing can efficiently employ the geometry of the stencil's local transitions to predict large-scale spatio-temporal patterns of the model community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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