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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tricritical phenomena in quasi-binary systems. VII. Light scattering from ternary ethane systems (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 3760-3771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tricritical region of quasibinary mixtures of ethane with higher hydrocarbons (n-heptadecane, n-octadecane, n-nonadecane, and their mixtures) has been studied by light scattering from the three phases. The individual susceptibilities, as determined from intensities and correlation lengths, diverge as predicted by the asymptotic mean-field theory, but the Griffiths first sum is neither zero nor constant; instead it increases sharply as the tricritical point is approached. This behavior of the first sum is consistent with a divergence predicted by nonclassical theory or with an approach to the constant limiting value at the tricritical point predicted by an extended classical theory. The Griffiths second sum approaches zero in the way expected from theory (both classical and nonclassical). The ratio of the light-scattering intensities of the outer phases (α and γ) and the corresponding ratios for the correlation lengths do not appear to approach unity as the tricritical point is approached, in disagreement with all present theories, classical or nonclassical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454898
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparatus for the study of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in gases under pressure (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2043-2067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We review the history of experimental work on Rayleigh–Bénard convection in gases, and then describe a modern apparatus that has been used in our experiments on gas convection. This system allows for the study of patterns in a cell with an aspect ratio (cell radius/fluid layer depth) as large as 100, with the cell thickness uniform to a fraction of a μm, and with the pressure controlled at the level of one part in 105. This level of control can yield a stability of the critical temperature difference for the convective onset of better than one part in 104. The convection patterns are visualized and the temperature field can be inferred using the shadowgraph technique. We describe the flow visualization and image processing necessary for this. Some interesting results obtained with the system are briefly summarized. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147511
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental test of the perturbation expansion for the Taylor instability at various wavenumbers (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 250-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the Fourier components of the axial variation of the velocity component w in a Taylor–Couette apparatus containing ten pairs of vortices at various average wavenumbers q, as a function of ε≡R/Rc−1, are reported. For all values of q studied, excellent agreement with the perturbation expansion of Davey [J. Fluid Mech. 14, 336 (1962)] for the amplitudes of the Fourier components was obtained, provided the power law dependence on ε was taken as a function of ε˜≡ε−εm(q). Here εm(q) is the marginal stability curve, below which the laminar flow state is stable against perturbations of wavenumber q. The wavenumber dependence of the leading coefficients in the expansions for the fundamental and first harmonic was also measured, and it was found that while the coefficient for the fundamental was independent of q, the coefficient for the first harmonic monotonically decreased with increasing q, over the range studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866855
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of "Kalliroscope'' flow visualization particles on rotating Couette–Taylor flow (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 1204-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental results are presented which show that Taylor vortex flow in a vertically mounted rotating Couette system, visualized with a "Kalliroscope'' suspension evolves to a spatially nonperiodic flow which is also nonperiodically time dependent. These effects are most noticeable in systems of large aspect ratio and depend on the concentration of the suspension. Experimental evidence is presented that suggests that these phenomena are caused by the evolution of a periodic variation of the Kalliroscope particle concentration along the cylinder axis and parallel to the gravitational field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.864997
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of succinate on the translational diffusion coefficient of aspartate transcarbamylase (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 14 (1975), S. 192-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00672a032
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of Polystyrenes through Microporous Membranes (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 13 (1980), S. 1599-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60078a046
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical optics treatment of the shadowgraph (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 1340-1363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present an analysis of the shadowgraph method of visualizing convective flows based on physical optics, treating the refractive-index perturbation caused by the flow as a transmission grating. Various patterns in thermal convection of an isotropic fluid as well as normal rolls in electroconvection of a nematic liquid crystal are considered. The results differ significantly from those of geometrical optics, showing that use of the shadowgraph as a quantitative tool for amplitude measurements should not, in general, be based on geometrical optics. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1449892
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman Spectroscopic Study of Gallium-Doped Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resonators of Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3, sintered between 1450° and 1600°C, are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The quality factors of the resonators are found to depend on sintering temperature, and at 1600°C there is evidence of Zn loss from the surface. The frequency of the A1g Raman mode changes from 800.9 cm−1 for a sample with Q= 80000 (2 GHz), to 794.5 cm−1 when Q= 44000 (2 GHz). Changes in the position of this and other Raman modes are thought to be due to distortions of the oxygen octahedra, brought about by Zn loss. The presence of a BaTa2O6 phase at the surface is confirmed by XRD and SEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00348.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel states in Taylor-Couette flow subjected to a Coriolis force (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 64 (1991), S. 927-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Taylor-Couette flow ; Coriolis force ; Taylor vortices ; tilted vortices ; chaotic vortices ; traveling vortices ; spatially ramped control parameter ; featureless turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present experimental results for Taylor-Couette flow subjected to a Coriolis force. We used an apparatus consisting of two concentric cylinders with the inner one rotating, and with a radius ratio near 0.75. It was mounted with its axis horizontal on a table which rotated with angular velocityΩ about a vertical axis. For sufficiently lowΩ, the first bifurcation upon increasing the inner-cylinder rotation rate ω was to tilted vortices. With further increase in ω this bifurcation was followed by a secondary one to time-periodic tilted vortices. The two bifurcation lines met at higherΩ. The initial bifurcation then became one to tilted traveling vortices. For even larger values ofΩ, the flow immediately above the initial transition was disordered, and for sufficiently largeΩ the initial bifurcation was to a featureless turbulent state. We studied these transitions with three different outer cylinders. Two had symmetric spatial ramps terminating both ends of a straight section to reduce the effect of the rigid, nonrotating ends, and one had no ramps. The transition to featureless turbulence in the apparatus with ramps became hysteretic over a range ofΩ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048805
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deterministic and stochastic effects near the convective onset (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 54 (1989), S. 1121-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Convection ; bifurcations ; stochastic effects ; imperfect bifurcations ; dynamic forcing ; static imperfections ; attractors ; modulation ; pattern competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pure conduction state of a horizontal layer of fluid heated from below becomes unstable with respect to a convecting state when the temperature difference exceeds a critical value. We examine the question of how real, physical systems evolve from conduction to convection. Most experimental cells contain geometric or thermal inhomogeneities which render the bifurcation to convection imperfect. In that case the pure conduction state never exists and the convecting state evolves continuously and smoothly as the temperature difference is raised. When a sufficiently perfect experimental cell is constructed to eliminate this route to convection, then dynamic imperfections will usually prevail. When the temperature difference across the cell is raised, the vertical gradients in the sidewalls evolve at a rate which differs from that in the fluid. The resultingtransient horizontal thermal gradients initiate the convective flow. This phenomenon can be eliminated by providing sidewalls which have the same thermal diffusivity as that of the fluid. When that is done, the convective flow is started by random noise which exists in any experimental system. Analysis of experiments shows that the noise source is considerably stronger than thermal noise, but its origin is unclear at this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01044706
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