Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Several works evaluated the toxicity of pharmaceutical drugs and climate related changes in invertebrates but few explored the combined effects of both stressors, namely considering their mode of action (MoA). Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cetirizine (CTZ) are pharmaceutical drugs detected in the environment and the toxicity derived from the combined effects of these drugs with ocean acidification (OA) is poorly explored. Thus, the present study investigated the biochemical parameters related to an oxidative stress response and the transcription of genes related to the MoA of CBZ (1.0 μg/L) and CTZ (0.6 μg/L) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum chronically exposed (28 days) to control (7.8) and low (7.5) pH conditions. The results obtained showed that despite the clams accumulated both drugs, at low pH the clams exposed to CTZ decreased drug concentration and BCF values (CTZ uptake: 2.0 ± 0.5 ng/g fresh weight; BCF: 3.8 ± 0.9) in comparison with clams exposed to control pH (CTZ uptake: 2.9 ± 0.3 ng/g fresh weight; BCF: 5.5 ± 0.6). No oxidative stress was induced by the exposure to CBZ or CTZ at each pH level, but the transcription of several genes related with the MoA (neurotransmission, immunity and biomineralization) was altered by low pH, drug exposure and the combination of both stressors. At both pH conditions, CBZ increased the transcription of GABA receptor gene (neurotransmission) and CTZ led to a decrease of Perlucin gene (biomineralization) transcription. The transcription of MyD88 gene (immunity) decreased at low pH (7.5) combined with drug exposure (CBZ or CTZ). Thus, it was highlighted that the interaction of drug exposure and low pH conditions can change bivalves' sensitivity to drugs or alter drugs toxicity.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bioconcentration factor; Bioconcentration factor, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Brackish waters; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Drug concentration per fresh mass; Drug concentration per fresh mass, standard deviation; Electron transport system activity of oyxgen, standard deviation; Energy transport system activity, per fresh mass; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Laboratory experiment; Lipid peroxidation, per fresh mass; Lipid peroxidation, standard deviation; Mollusca; mRNA levels, relatively to the elongation factor; mRNA levels, relatively to the elongation factor, standard deviation; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Organic toxins; Other metabolic rates; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Ruditapes philippinarum; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Total glutathione peroxidase activity, per fresh mass; Total glutathione peroxidase activity, per fresh mass, standard deviation; Treatment; Type
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 478 data points
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