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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 20 (1997), S. 282-287 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Complex-partial seizures ; epilepsy ; hypopituitarism ; hypothalamic tumor ; intracranial lipoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a male epileptic patient, presently 27 years old, who has suffered complex-partial attacks for 19 years. Under treatment with carbamazepine the seizures were completely controlled. In addition, the patient exhibited partial hypopituitarism. CT and MRI revealed the presence of 2 lipomas, one located within the optico-chiasmatic cistern and the other one in the medial temporal lobe. To our knowledge, this combination of the generally rare lesions has not been described yet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 8 (1985), S. 195-205 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Dopamine agonists ; pituitary adenoma ; prolactinoma ; trans-sphenoidal microsurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our experience with prolactinomas started in 1972 and is based on about 370 patients. Of these 247 were treated surgically, about 110 underwent medical therapy and a small number of patients were observed only. In microprolactinomas prolactinlevels could be normalized in up to 80% of the patients after selective adenomectomy. However, true recurrences were observed in 16% of the patients during long-term follow-up. The operative risk is rather low. There was no mortality in this series. The rate of complications is about 1%. Medical treatment with dopamine-agonists is successful especially in women who desire pregnancy, but should only be used in small microadenomas, in order to avoid complications. In larger macroprolactinomas h extra-sellar extension in whom primary surgical removal leads to a normalization of prolactin-levels in a minority of cases only primary therapy with dopamine-agonists leads to shrinkage of the tumour mass in about two-thirds of the patients. Since the tumour mass does not disappear completely after short-term medical treatment, we favour additional surgical tumour removal instead of long-lasting administration of dopamine-agonistic drugs in higher dosages.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 311-316 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Adenohypophysis ; Malignant lymphoma ; Pituitary adenoma ; Sellar region ; T cell lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mixed lymphoblastic T cell lymphoma and gonadotroph cell pituitary adenoma occurred 25 years after first resection of the adenoma. Within 1 year the lymphoma overgrew the adenoma, but was still restricted to the sellar region. Histologically, lymphoma and adenoma components were tightly admixed. Possible pathogenetic pathways for intra-adenomatous lymphoma development include monoclonal expansion of T cell infiltrates, expression of adhesion molecules specific for adenoma endothelium, and production of mitogenic pituitary hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7403
    Keywords: GHRH ; mRNA ; pituitary ; somatotrophinoma ; autocrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several earlier studies have shown that some human pituitary GH-secreting somatotrophinomas are able to synthesise and release hypothalamic GHRH and it has been proposed that a positive autocrine feedback loop involving this tumor-derived GHRH may participate in tumorigenesis. We have used in-vitro cell culture and exploited an antagonist to GHRH, (Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2-GHRH (1–29)-amide (GHRH-A), to further investigate whether an autocrine loop involving somatotrophinoma-derived GHRH may exist. In situ hybridization demonstrated presence of GHRH transcripts in 5 of 9 human somatotrophinomas. In culture, GHRH-A failed to inhibit basal release of GH or production of cAMP irrespective of presence or absence of GHRH transcripts. However, GHRH-A was able to completely or partially abolish the stimulatory effects of exogenously added GHRH peptide. Additionally, the average stimulatory effect of exogenous GHRH on in vitro GH secretion by somatotrophinomas possessing GHRH mRNA was identical to that shown by tumors not expressing the GHRH gene. Whilst confirming that many human pituitary somatotrophinomas are able to express the GHRH gene, the failure of GHRH-A to inhibit basal GH secretion argues against the concept of the existence of an autocrine stimulatory loop involving secreted GHRH peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7403
    Keywords: G-protein ; pituitary ; GH ; GHRH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The heterotrimeric Gs protein–adenylyl cyclase (AC) cascade plays a pivotal role in controlling hormone secretion by endocrine glands. Consequently, deficiency of the alpha-subunit of Gs leads to endocrine hypofunction and hypoplasia in the affected cells whereas AC hyperactivity results from activating point mutations within the Gs-alpha gene. The latter, termed gsp oncogenes, are found primarily in a subset of growth hormone (GH) -secreting human pituitary tumours (somatotrophinomas) and are thus associated with excessive GH secretion. We present here evidence that another type of defect in human somatotrophinomas may be overexpression of the Gs-alpha subunit. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody against recombinant human Gs-alpha revealed high levels of expression in 25 of 39 somatotrophinomas but weak staining in normal human pituitary cells. These results were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Additionally, cholera toxin-mediated ADP-ribosylation in the presence of 32P-labelled N+ resulted in an autoradiographic signal intensity which correlated directly with magnitude of immunostaining and amount of antigen shown by Western blot analysis, providing evidence for overexpression of functionally active subunit. Finally, reconstitution assays were applied and directly demonstrated the increased activity of overexpressed Gs-alpha. In vivo, the effect of Gs-alpha on AC activity may be partially counterregulated by high levels of inhibitory G protein that also occurred in these tumours. In culture, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) had markedly reduced effects on GH secretion by somatotrophinomas exhibiting Gs-alpha overexpression, whereas powerful stimulation occurred in weakly staining tumours. In contrast to these observations with Gs-alpha, immunostaining for the phospholipase C-coupled G11-alpha subunit was relatively weak in all somatotrophinomas studied and synthetic GH-releasing peptide, which acts via a specific G11-coupled receptor, led to powerful and consistent stimulation of GH secretion by different tumours. These results indicate that Gs-alpha overexpression is associated with dysfunction in hormone secretion by some somatotrophinomas.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Key Words: Low-grade glioma ; Radiotherapy ; Prognostic factors ; Schlüsselwörter: Niedriggradige Gliome ; Radiotherapie ; Prognosefaktoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Es sollten Ergebnisse und Prognosefaktoren nach postoperativer Radiotherapie bei 77 Patienten mit Low-grade-Gliomen evaluiert werden. Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen 1977 und 1996 wurden 45 Patienten mit einem Low-grade-Astrozytom, 14 mit einem Oligodendrogliom und 18 mit einem gemischten Gliom postoperativ bis zu einer medianen Gesamtdosis von 52 Gy bestrahlt (Spanne zwischen 45 und 61 Gy). 67 Patienten wurden unmittelbar postoperativ, zehn Patienten erst nach computertomographischer Progression bestrahlt. Der Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren einschließlich Histologie, Geschlecht, Alter, Anfallsleiden, Dauer der Symptome vor Therapiebeginn (≤ 6 Wochen gegenüber 〉 6 Wochen), CT-Befunde (Kontrastmittelaufnahme vs. keine Aufnahme), Art der Operation, Gesamtdosis der Radiotherapie und Zeitpunkt der Radiotherapie für die Endpunkte progressions- oder rezidivfreies Überleben und Gesamtüberleben wurde untersucht. Ergebnisse: Das mediane Gesamtüberleben betrug 81 Monate, die Fünf- und Zehn-Jahres-Überlebensraten waren 54 und 31%. Die mediane Zeit bis zur Progression betrug 56 Monate, während die progressionsfreien Fünf- und Zehn-Jahres-Überlebensraten bei 45 und 27% lagen. In univariaten Analysen wurden die Gesamtdosis der Radiotherapie (p = 0,01), die Dauer der Symptome (p = 0,05), das Vorhandensein von Anfällen (p = 0,04) und die Kontrastmittelaufnahme im prätherapeutischen CT (p = 0,005) als signifikante Prognosefaktoren für das Gesamtüberleben identifiziert. Die progressionsfreie Überlebensrate wurde durch die Gesamtdosis der Radiotherapie (p = 0,04), die Dauer der Symtpomatik (p = 0,01) und die Kontrastmittelaufnahme im CT (p = 0,006) beeinflusst. In der multivariaten Analyse blieb lediglich das Kontrastmittelverhalten im CT (Aufnahme vs. keine Aufnahme) als unabhängige Prognosefaktoren für das Gesamtüberleben und das rezidivfreie Überleben übrig. Schlussfolgerung: Eine minimale Gesamtdosis von 52 Gy ist im Rahmen der postoperativen Radiotherapie von Low-grade-Gliomen empfohlen. Tumoren mit einer Kontrastmittelaufnahme im CT scheinen eine weitere Intensivierung der Therapie zu benötigen.
    Notes: Background and Purpose: To assess treatment outcome and prognostic factors following postoperative external radiotherapy in 77 patients with low-grade glioma. Patients and Methods: Between 1977 and 1996, 45 patients with astrocytoma, 14 with oligodendroglioma and 18 with mixed glioma received postoperative radiotherapy with a median total dose of 52 Gy (range, 45 to 61 Gy). Sixty-seven patients were treated immediately following surgery, 10 patients with tumor progression. The influence of various factors including histology, gender, age, seizures, duration of symptoms (≤ 6 weeks vs 〉 6 weeks), CT pattern (enhancement vs no enhancement), type of surgery, total radiotherapy dose and timing of radiotherapy on relapse-free survival and overall survival was investigated. Results: The median overall survival time was 81 month, the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 54% and 31%, respectively. The median time to progression was 56 months, while the 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 45% and 24%. Univariate analyses identified the total radiotherapy dose (p = 0.01), duration of symptoms (p = 0.05), the presence of seizures (p = 0.04), and the CT pattern following intravenous contrast (p = 0.005) as significant prognostic factors for overall survival. Progression-free survival rates were influenced by the total dose (p = 0.04), the duration of symptoms (p = 0.01) and CT pattern (p = 0.006). On multivariate analysis, only the CT pattern (enhancement vs no enhancement) remained as independent prognostic factors for both progression-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion: A minimum total dose of 52 Gy is recommended for the postoperative radiotherapy in low-grade glioma. Tumors with CT enhancement seem to need further intensification of treatment.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 228 (1990), S. 407-409 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Externally applied corticosteroids increase the intraocular pressure in one-third of the general population. We evaluated the intraocular pressure in 62 patients with endogenously elevated serum cortisol levels due to hypothalamic pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease. All patients underwent transphenoidal microsurgical sella exploration within 4 years after the onset of subjective symptoms. The intraocular pressure (preoperative mean, 14.9 ± 3.5 mm Hg) exceeded 21 mm Hg in four eyes before surgery and in one eye after surgery (postoperative mean, 14.3 ± 2.8 mm Hg). In patients attaining postoperative remission and whose pressure readings were taken at least 3 months after surgery, the postoperative intraocular pressure was significantly (P=0.04) lower than that measured preoperatively (14.2±2.7 vs 13.0 ±2.0 mm Hg). Biomorphometry of the optic disc topography and the retinal nerve-fiber layer in 19 patients revealed no glaucomatous changes. In contrast to topically applied corticosteroids, endogenously elevated serum cortisol levels in patients with hypothalamic pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease increased intraocular pressure only slightly, with no great risk of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
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