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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 29 (1981), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Struktur von hydrothermal synthetisiertem Cliffordit, Formel angenähert UTe3O9, RaumgruppePa3-T h 6 ,a=11,335(5) Å, wurde mit 501 unabhängigen dreidimensionalen Diffraktometerdaten aufR=0,053 verfeinert. Eine Least Squares Rechnung (volle Matrix) ergab für die eine der beiden U-Positionen den Besetzungsfaktor 0,82. Eine quantitative Messung mit der Elektronenstrahlmikrosonde bestätigte dieses Ergebnis. Der Ladungsausgleich wird diskutiert. Der Brechungsquotient von Cliffordit wurde für λ=5890 Å mittels Reflexionsmessungen zu 2,25(2) bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary The structure of hydrothermally synthesized cliffordite, approximate formula UTe3O9, space groupPa3-T h 6 ,a=11.335(5) Å was refined toR=0.053 with 501 independent three-dimensional diffractometer data. A full matrix least squares refinement yielded for one of the two U-positions a site occupancy factor of 0.82. A quantitative electronprobe microanalysis confirmed the corresponding U:Te ratio. A discussion of the charge balance is given. From reflectivity measurements the refractive indexn of cliffordite was determined to be 2.25(2) for λ=5890 Å.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erdmantel-Xenolithe vom klassischen Vorkommen in Kapfenstein, Steiermark, und von Fehring, Steiermark, und Tobaj, Burgenland, wurden mittels Laser-Ablations-Mikrosonde-induktiv gekoppeltes Plasma-Massenspektrometer (LAM-ICP-MS) analysiert. An allen Lokalitäten dominieren Spinell-Lherzolithe die Xenolith — Population. Unsere Proben umfassen daher neun Spinell-Lherzolithe und nur einen Harzburgit (von der an Xenolithen reichsten Lokalität, Kapfenstein, Probe Ka 167). Alle Gesteine haben protogranulare bis protogranular-porphyroklastische Textur. Die Mineral-Zusammensetzungen sind typisch für fertile Gesteine aus dem Oberen Erdmantel mit 0,89 〈mg〉 0,92 in den Silikaten und 0,10 〈cr〉 0,12 im Spinell (0,18 im Harzburgit). Die Minerale sind hinsichtlich Haupt-, Neben- und Spurenelement-Verteilung im Gleichgewicht, ausgenommen die Klinopyroxene in der Probe von Tobay (To 100) und einer Probe von Fehring (Feh 002). Diese haben variable Gehalte an inkompatiblen Spurenelementen. Klinopyroxene haben die höchsten Spurenelement-Gehalte (3–4-fache Seltene-Erden-Element (SEE)-Gehalte des primitiven Erdmantels) gefolgt von Orthopyroxen (etwa 0,5-fache Erdmantel SEE) und Olivin (0,0005–0,005-fache Erdmantel SEE). Spurenelement-Häufigkeiten in allen Phasen sind üblicherweise mit ihrer Kompatibilität korreliert. In drei Proben von Fehring und zwei von Kapfenstein sind die inkompatibelsten Elemente (wie U, Th, Nb, Ta, La, Ce) gegenüber den etwas kompatibleren Elementen verarmt. Die übrigen Gesteine sind entweder an U, oder U und Th, oder den inkompatibelsten SEE relativ zu Nb und Ta angereichert. Die Letzteren sind üblicherweise relativ zu den weniger inkompatiblen Elementen verarmt. Klinopyroxene in der Probe von Tabaj (To 100) und einer Probe von Fehring (Feh 002) haben variable Gehalte an U, Th, Nb und Ta. Diese Variabilität ist in der Probe Feh 002 korreliert mit jener der Gehalte an leichten SEE und die Elementhäufigkeiten sind zusätzlich korreliert mit der Nähe zur Kornoberfläche. Die Anreicherungen an U und Th sind allerdings nicht von merklichen Anreicherungen an Nb und Ta begleitet, deren Häufigkeiten niedrig bleiben. Die unequilibrierte Spurenelementverteilung in den Klinopyroxenen deutet darauf hin, daß die Metasomatose kurz vor dem Transport der Gesteine an die Erdoberfläche stattfand. Metasomatose und vulkanische Aktivität scheinen daher verbunden und eisüdöstlichenne Konsequenz des unterhalb des Pannonischen Beckens aufsteigenden Erdmantel-Diapirs zu sein. Mehrere metasomatische Aktivitäten durch Fluide dominiert von CO2, Wasser, oder beiden sind erkennbar. Die Intensität der Ereignisse war allerdings gering, vergleichbar der geringen tektonischen Aktivität in der Grenzzone des Pannonischen Beckens. Nur der Harzburgit Ka 167 zeigt Spuren intensiver Verarmungs- und Anreicherungs-Prozesse, die vergleichbar sind jenen, welche in der zentralen Region des Beckens die Erdmantel-Gesteine geprägt haben.
    Notes: Summary Upper mantle xenoliths from the classical location, Kapfenstein, Styria, as well as from Fehring, Styria, and Tobaj, Burgenland, have been analyzed by laser ablation microprobe inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LAM-ICP-MS). At all locations spinel lherzolite is the predominant xenolith type and thus our sample contains nine spinel lherzolites and only one harzburgite (from the richest location, Kapfenstein, sample Ka 167). All the rocks have protogranular to protogranular — porphyroclastic transitional textures. Mineral compositions are typical for fertile upper mantle rocks with 0.89 〈mg〉 0.92 for silicates and 0.10 〈cr〉 0.12 for spinel (0.18 for the harzburgite). The minerals are equilibrated with respect to major, minor and trace elements, except for clinopyroxenes in the sample from Tobaj (To 100) and one sample from Fehring (Feh 002) which have variable incompatible trace element contents. Trace element abundances are highest in clinopyroxene (3–4 × primitive mantle rare earth element — REEs — abundances) followed by orthopyroxene (about 0.5 × mantle REEs) and olivine (0.0005–0.05 × mantle REEs). Abundances of trace elements in all phases are usually correlated with their compatibility. The most incompatible elements (e.g., U, Th, Nb, Ta, La, Ce) are depleted with respect to the more compatible elements in three samples from Fehring and two from Kapfenstein. The remaining samples are enriched in either U, or U and Th, or the most incompatible REEs as compared to Nb and Ta which are usually depleted with respect to less incompatible elements. Clinopyroxenes of the sample from Tobaj (To 100) and one sample from Fehring (Feh 002) have variable U, Th, Nb and Ta contents. In sample Feh 002 this variation is accompanied by a correlated variation of the light REE contents and their abundances are also correlated with the closeness to the surface. The enrichments in U and Th are, however, not accompanied by any significant enrichment in Nb and Ta, the concentrations of which stay at low levels. The non-equilibrium trace element distribution in Clnopyroxenes suggests that the metasomatic events took place shortly before the rocks were delivered to the Earth's surface. Thus, metasomatism and volcanic activity seem to be related and a consequence of the rising diapir underneath the Pannonian Basin. Several metasomatic events probably related to fluids dominated by CO2, water, or both were taking place. However, the intensity of that activity was generally low, as was the tectonic activity in the border zone of the Pannonian Basin. Only harzburgite Ka 167 provides evidence for some elevated activity of depletion and enrichment processes comparable to what has been found in the central region of the basin.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 33 (1984), S. 131-134 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zu publizierten Analysen enthält der Andalusit aus dem Aluminium-übersättigten Granit von Rásná bei Telč (Tschechoslowakei) Barium nur in Spuren: Als Mittelwert von 51 Mikrosondenanalysen an 11 Körnern erhielten wir 0,02(2) Gew.-% BaO. Der TiO2- und der MnO-Gehalt wurden zu 0,04(2) bzw. 〈0,02% bestimmt. Für P2O5 erhielten wir als Durchschnitt aus 19 Analysen an 6 Körnern 0,03(2)%.
    Notes: Summary Contrary to published analyses, the andalusite in the peraluminous granite of Rásná near Telč (Czechoslovakia) contains barium only in trace amounts: as average value of 51 electronmicroprobe analyses on 11 grains we obtained 0.02(2)% BaO by weight. The TiO2 and MnO contents were determined to be 0.04(2) and 〈0.02%, respectively. For P2O5 we obtained as average of 19 analyses on 6 grains 0.03(2)%.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 34 (1985), S. 49-66 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Granate aus miozänen di-normativen, medium-K Andesiten und aus einem mesozoischen feinkörnigen Albit-Granit wurden petrologisch untersucht. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Granate, (Alm 57–65,Pyr 14–22,Gross 10–24,Spess 2–5 Mol.-%), gemessen mittels Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosonde, macht es wahrscheinlich, daß diese Granate Hochdruck-Megakristalle sind. Die Granate im Granit (Alm 71–74,Pyr 12–18,Gross 3,5–5,5,Spess 5,6–11) kristallisierten bei niedrigen Drücken und sind wahrscheinlich das Produkt autometasomatischer Vorgänge.
    Notes: Summary Garnets from Miocene di-normative, medium-K andesites as well as from a Mesozoic fine-grained albite granite have been petrologically investigated. The chemical compositions of the garnets from the andesites as determined by electron microprobe (alm 57–65,pyr 14–22,gross 10–24,spess 2–5, -all in mol.-%) are compatible with the garnets being high pressure megacrysts. Garnets from the granite (alm 71–74,pyr 12–18,gross 3.5–5.5,spess 5.6–11) apparently crystallized in a low pressure environment. They are believed to have formed in an autometasomatic event.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In January 1988, two steam generators delivering pressurized jets of water at 80 °C were used to melt -40 pockets of ice with volumes of 2-3 m3 each, -6 km from the French station of Dumont d'Urville, near Cap Prudhomme, in Antarctica. About 5-10 tonnes of water were pumped and filtered daily ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The variability of magnesium, strontium and calcium concentrations in the two skeleton types (sclerites and axis) of the red coral (Corallium rubrum) was assessed by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and microprobe analysis as a prerequisite for their use as ecological indicators. Axis cross sections showed light and dark circular growth bands corresponding to fast and slow growth, respectively. Using microprobe analyses the Mg and Sr concentrations ranged from 2.8 to 3.0% and from 0.21 to 0.29%, respectively, in the sclerites and from 2.4 to 3.0% and from 0.1 to 0.28%, respectively, in the axis. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios varied within sclerites (average, 12% for both ratios) and within the axis of single colonies (average, 20% for Mg/Ca and 48% for Sr/Ca). Sr/Ca ratios in the axis were lower in fast-growing branch tips than in older, more basal parts of the colonies, whereas the Mg/Ca ratio did not differ significantly between colony regions. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in the axis decreased significantly with depth, and we estimated an increase of the Mg/Ca ratio of 0.004–0.006 per degree Celsius. In all depth layers, Sr/Ca ratios showed a significant direct relationship with skeleton density in axis cross sections, whereas there was no significant relationship for Mg/Ca. Overall, our data indicate that temperature promotes the incorporation of Mg in C. rubrum as in other calcite skeletons, whereas Sr concentrations are inversely related to growth rate. This preliminary study suggests that Mg and Sr concentrations in the axis of the red coral have a strong potential as ecological indicator for temperature and growth rate.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 63 (1998), S. 19-34 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Niedermayrit, Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O, ist ein neues Mineral, das 1995 im Km3-Bereich des Bergbaugebietes Lavrion, Griechenland, gefunden wurde. Es bildet winzige gut ausgebildete Plättchen, häufig miteinander verwachsen in grünen Krusten bis zu mehreren cm2 Größe. Die Matrix besteht aus brecciösem Marmor mit Sphalerit, Chalcopyrit, Galenit, Greenockit, Hawleyit und Pyrit. Sekundäre Begleitminerale sind Gips, Malachit, Chalcanthit, Brochantit, Hemimorphit, Hydrozincit, Aurichalcit, ein unbekanntes Cd-Sulfat, Monteponit und Otavit. Niedermayrit fluoresziert nicht, besitzt blaugrüne Farbe mit Glasglanz, der Strich ist weiß. Die Kristalle sind spröd mit perfekter Spaltbarkeit parallel {010}. Optik: biaxial (−) mit nα(ber.), nβ, und nγ=1.609, 1.642(2), und 1.661(2); Orientierung nα//b. Die berechnete Dichte beträgt 3.292 gcm−3. Die auffallendste Flächenform ist {010}. Die chemische Analyse mittels Mikrosonde ergibt CdO 16.5, CuO 45.7, SO3 21.6, H2O 16.2wt.% (ber. auf 100% Summe) und die empirische Formel Cu4.29Cd0.96S2.01O11.28 · 6.71 H2O (basierend auf 18 Sauerstoffatomen pro Formeleinheit). Aus der TGA wurde ein H2O Gehalt von 18.9 Gew.% erhalten. Die Idealformel (bestätigt durch die Kristallstrukturverfeinerung) ist Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O bei einem theoretischen H2O-Gehalt von 17.2 Gew.%. Die stärksten Linien im Pulverdiffraktogramm (Gandolfi Kamera, visuell geschätzte I, verfeinerte Gitterkonstanten a = 5.535(2), b = 21.947(9), c = 6.085(2) Å,β = 91.98(3)°) sind: (dobs[Å]/Iobs/hkl) (11.02/90/0 2 0), (5.874/20/0 1 1), (5.496/100/0 4 0), (5.322/25/0 2 1), (4.079/50/0 4 1), (3.660/20/0 6 0), (3.437/30/1 5 0), (3.243/40/1 4 1), (2.470/30/2 4 0), (2.425/20/1 4 −2), (2.205/20/2 6 0) und (1.897/20/1 8 2). Das Mineral ist monoklin, P21/m, Z = 2, a = 5.543(1) Å, b = 21.995(4) Å, c = 6.079(1) Å,β = 92.04(3)°, V = 740.7(2) Å3 Die Kristallstruktur wurde mittels Einkristallröntgenmethoden bestimmt und zu R1 = 0.026, wR2 = 0.056 verfeinert. Die Struktur von Niedermayrit ist durch ∞ 2 [Cu4(OH)6O2]2− Schichten von kantenverknüpften Cu-Koordinationsoktaedern parallel (010) gekennzeichnet mit damit verbundenen SO4 Tetraedern und dazwischen befindlichen CdO2(H2O)4 Oktaedem mit einem Wasserstoffbrückensystem. Es bestehen enge Beziehungen mit den Kristallstrukturen von Christelit und Campigliait. Das neue Mineral ist nach Dr. Gerhard Niedermayr, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Österreich, benannt.
    Notes: Summary Niedermayrite, Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O, is a new mineral discovered in 1995 in the Km3-area of the Lavrion mining district, Greece. It forms tiny euhedral plates, commonly intergrown as green crusts up to several cm2 in size on a matrix consisting of a brecciated marble with sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, greenockite, hawleyite and pyrite. Associated secondary minerals are gypsum, malachite, chalcanthite, brochantite, hemimorphite, hydrozincite, aurichalcite, one unknown Cd-sulfate, monteponite and otavite. Niedermayrite is non-fluorescent and has a bluish-green colour with vitreous lustre, the streak is white. The crystals are brittle with perfect cleavage parallel {010}. Optics: biaxial (−) with nα(calc.), nβ, and nγ =1.609, 1.642(2), and 1.661(2), respectively; orientation nα//b. The calculated density is 3.292 gcm−3. The most prominent form is {010}. Analysis by electron microprobe gives CdO 16.5, CuO 45.7, SO3 21.6, H2O 16.2 wt.% (calc. to 100% sum) and the empirical formula Cu4.29Cd0.96S2.01O11.28 · 6.71 H2O (based on 18 oxygens p.f.u.). By TGA an H2O content of 18.9 wt.% was obtained. The ideal formula (confirmed by the crystal structure refinement) is Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O with a theoretical H2O content of 17.2 wt.%. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern (Gandolfi camera, visually estimated I, refined lattice parameters a = 5.535(2), b = 21.947(9), c = 6.085(2) Å,β = 91.98(3)°) are: (dobs[Å]/Iobs/hkl) (11.02/90/0 2 0), (5.874/20/0 1 1), (5.496/100/0 4 0), (5.322/25/0 2 1), (4.079/50/0 4 1), (3.660/20/0 6 0), (3. 437/30/1 5 0), (3.243/40/1 4 1), (2.470/30/2 4 0), (2.425/20/1 4 −2), (2.205/20/2 6 0) and (1.897/20/1 8 2). The mineral is monoclinic, P21/m, Z = 2, a = 5.543(1) Å, b = 21.995(4) Å, c = 6.079(1) Å,β = 92.04(3)°, V = 740.7(2) Å3. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray methods and was refined to R1= 0.026, wR2 = 0.056. The structure of niedermayrite is characterized by ∞ 2 [Cu4(OH)6O2]2− sheets of edgesharing Cu coordination octahedra parallel to (010) with attached SO4 tetrahedra, and intercalated CdO2(H2O)4 octahedra with a system of hydrogen bonds. Close relationships to the crystal structures of christelite and campigliaite exist. The new mineral is named for Dr. Gerhard Niedermayr, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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