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  • 1
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 157-157 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 67-69 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Liver perfusion ; Metastasis ; Heated blood ; Hyperthermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To heat the livers in ten pigs (20–30 kg) a system of two pumps, both connected to the cannulated A.femoralis and to two radio-wave heating devices, was used. With pump I the arterial vascular system of the liver was perfused for 45 min via the A.gastroduodenalis with a constant volume of 150–200 ml blood/min, heated to 44–45 °C. With pump II 50–700 ml/min heated blood was pumped into the portal vein to raise the temperature and oxygen content of the portal flow. During the heating period the A.hepatica was clamped. A temperature of 45 °C is a highly toxic for the differentiated liver tissue, but the more simply structured wall of the arteries tolerates this temperature. This difference in heat resistance allows the perfusion of the arterial vascular system of the liver with blood heated to a temperature that is fatal to liver tissues. On the way from the A.gastroduodenalis to the liver periphery the heated blood becomes cooled by the surrounding cooler liver tissues. Finally the supply to the lobules is a mixture of arterial and venous blood, i.e. the highly toxic agent, heat, becomes “detoxified” by cooling before reaching the heat-sensetive liver lobules. Changing flow and temperature in the portal vein allows the temperature of the liver lobules to be kept within a safe range, i.e. below 43 °C. The raised oxygen content in the portal flow allows the arterial perfusion to be stopped for 10 min (to subject a heated metastasis to a period of hypoxia). Liver enzymes reached their maximal level 2 days after heating and returned to normal within 1 week. It is supposed that this method allows the temperature in a liver metastasis to be raised to a tumoricidial level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 383 (1980), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Red cell flexibility ; Viscosity ; Electrical resistance ; Chlorpromazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of varying shear forces (4–10 μN·cm−2) generated by a pulsating flow of 4 cycles/min, on the longitudinal electrical resistance (R) of a blood perfused small glass capillary (I.D.=0.12 mm,l=30 mm) was determined. Red cells were stiffened by stepwise addition of bile or by sterile incubation during 24–48 h. The shear dependent changes in R were closely related to red cell flexibility and apparent blood viscosity. In normal defibrinized blood Rdecreased by about 3%, while more rigid cells evoked a shear dependentincrease in R of 1–5%. The measurements performed demonstrate that the typical shapes of the electrical signals provide more information of rheological significance of red blood cell flexibility than the results of viscosity determination alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Abhängigkeit der Erythrocytenflexibilität vom Verhältnis der Zelloberfläche zum Zellvolumen wird durch Viscositätsmessungen in vitro nachgewiesen. Jede Veränderung des normalen Zellvolumens durch Quellung oder Schrumpfung führt in vitro zur Viscositätserhöhung. 2. Bei Ratten konnte eine Erythrocytenquellung von rund 7% (p = 0,001) durch Barbiturate, Urethan, Verbrennungen und Anoxämien (Torniquet-Schock, Lig. Vena porta) nachgewiesen werden. 3. Bei Verbrühungen oder Torniquet-Schock besteht beim Hund eine Beziehung zwischen HMV und Ausmaß der Erythrocytenquellung. Je stärker die Erythrocyten quellen, je kleiner wird das HMV. Eine Normalisierung des Erythrocytenvolumens durch hypertone Lösungen (40%ige Polyglucose) steigert das HMV und senkt den peripheren Widerstand. 4. Die bei Barbituraten, Verbrennungen, Torniquet-Schock, Hypothermie und Anoxämien beobachtete Verminderung des HMV bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung des peripheren Widerstandes wird mit einer Quellung und damit mit einer Verminderung der mechanischen Anpassungsfähigkeit der Erythrocyten erklärt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 289 (1966), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei narkotisierten Hunden und Kaninchen wurden durch Übergießen mit kochendem Wasser oder durch Infrarotstrahler 40–70% der Haut verbrannt (3. Grad). Die Form der Erythrocyten wurde im eigenen Plasma während einer Inkubation von mehreren Stunden laufend optisch kontrolliert. 2. Die bikonkave Erythrocytenform wird bei den Kontrolltieren während der Inkubation langsam aufgehoben. Stechapfelförmige und sphärisch-gequollene Zellen lassen sich nach 1–3 Std Inkubation nachweisen. 3. Die Zelldeformierung unterbleibt, wenn das Plasma vor der Inkubation 20 min auf 56° C erhitzt wird. 4. Im Gegensatz zu den Kontrollen lassen sich 10–20 Std nach Verbrennung deformierte Erythrocyten in großer Zahl (bis 70%) sofort nach der Abnahme nachweisen. Es wird vermutet, daß eine Erythrocyten deformierende Substanz, die auch im normalen Plasma bei Inkubation entsteht, nach Verbrennung in erhöhter Konzentration im Plasma erscheint. Bei genügender Konzentration kann diese Substanz eine Erythrocytenquellung auslösen. 5. Da Quellung die Erythrocytenflexibilität vermindert, wird die Möglichkeit einer Behinderung der Mikrozirkulation im Schock durch starre Erythrocyten diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Anesthetized dogs and rabbits were severely scalded or burned by infrared radiation. Blood samples taken before and at different times after the burning were incubated for several hours at 37° C. The shape of the red blood corpuscles was controlled every ten minutes. After one hour of incubation only a small part of the erythrocytes of the control animals had changed their shape into budded and creanated ones. In contrast to the controls up to 70% of the erythrocytes were creanated or even transformed into spheres when blood samples were taken 20 hours after the burning. It is believed, that the factors altering the shape during incubation might also be responsible for the changes seen after burning. Because swollen red blood corpuscles have lost their flexibility and are believed to be unable to pass through the terminal capillaries, it is suggested that the disturbances in microcirculation in shock may be due—in part—to non flexible rigid erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 313 (1969), S. 316-320 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Erythrocyte Deformability ; Microcirculation ; Surface Tension ; Viscosity ; Erythrocyten-Verformbarkeit ; Mikrozirkulation ; Oberflächenspannung ; Viscosität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Erythrocytes which have been transformed into spheres by the action of surface-active substances, such as bile or free fatty acids, are more rigid than normal red cells, as is shown by viscosity measurements and microscopic observation. The rheological differences between biconcave and sphered red cells are considered to depend upon the degree of membrane stretching, which is maximal in the normal red cell and lowered in the sphered erythrocyte. Because the stretching of the cell membrane is probably caused by a surface tension between plasma and cell surface, red-cell deformability depends, among other things, upon the composition of the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 317 (1970), S. 228-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Red Cell Flexibility ; Cell Shape ; Centrifugation ; Electrical Resistance ; Erythrocyten-Flexibilität ; Erythrocyten-Form ; Zentrifugation ; elektrischer Widerstand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The migration velocity of a red cell in a gravitational field depends in part upon the ability of the cell to adapt its shape to the external shearing forces, i.e. to achieve a hydrodynamically optimal streaming profile. The degree of shape transformation depends upon the strength of the shearing forces and on the deformability of the cells. It is shown that a close relation exists between migration speed and red-cell flexibility. The new method is sensitive enough, to reveal even minute differences in cell flexibility caused by surface-active substances such as bile, free fatty acids or noradrenaline i.v.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 329 (1971), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Red Cells ; Viscosity ; Deformability ; Bile ; Snake Venom ; Chlorpromazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The deformability of single red cells transformed by bile and rattle snake venom into smooth normovolemic spheres was measured with a glass capillary (l=10 μ,d=3–4 μ). Since the capillary was a part of an electrical circuit, red cells passing through the capillary changed the resistance, thus producing differently shaped spikes. It was shown that sphered red cells needed a greater length of time to pass through than normal ones, which is explained by lowered deformability. Chlorpromazine restored the flow to normal and improved the cell shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 300 (1968), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Viscosity ; Erythrocyte ; Chlorpromazine ; Bile ; Fatty Acids ; Viscosität ; Erythrocyten ; Chlorpromazin ; Galle ; Fettsäure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Galle und freie Fettsäuren können bikonkave Erythrocyten in die Kugelform überführen. Der Reibungswiderstand derart veränderter Zellen steigt steil an. Die durch Galle oder freie Fettsäuren ausgelöste Formveränderung bzw. Viscositätserhöhung kann durch Chlorpromazin (Megaphen®) verhindert bzw. rückgängig gemacht werden.
    Notes: Summary Addition of bile or free fatty acids to blood will cause normal biconcave erythrocytes to become spherical. Flow resistance of blood with these spheres increased steeply. Chlorpromazine prevented this form transformation and restored viscosity to normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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