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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Production of Interferon-γ by Leishmania Homologue of the Mammalian Receptor for Activated C Kinase-Reactive CD4+ T cells among Human Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Early Marker of Exposure to Leishmania? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A prospective study was undertaken to define early predictive immunological marker(s) of exposure to Leishmania in naïve subjects who have never been exposed to any Leishmania and who were also free of any cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions. These naïve subjects could have been exposed to Leishmania in a rain forest where Leishmania guyanensis and their natural vectors and mammalian host are cocirculating. The production of interferon (IFN)-γ in response to the Leishmania homologue of the mammalian receptor for activated c kinase (LACK), a candidate for vaccine against leishmaniasis was analysed. At the end of their stay in the rain forest, LACK-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in subjects whose peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) produced IFN-γ in response to soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) and in those whose PBMC remained unresponsive to SLA. However, LACK-specific CD4+ T cells were detected only in PBMCs from individuals who became IFN-γ responders to SLA. In subjects whose PBMC became positive to SLA, LACK-reactive CD4+ T cells producing high level of IFN-γ were detectable before the SLA-reactive IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells, suggesting that the former readout assay could be used as an early predictive immunological marker of exposure to Leishmania in subjects who remained disease free.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01280.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon metabolism in the subantarctic Kerguelen cabbage Pringlea antiscorbutica R. Br.: environmental controls over carbohydrates and proline contents and relation to phenology (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The subantarctic Brassicaceae Pringlea antiscorbutica R. Br. (Kerguelen cabbage) was used as a model to study the physiological adaptations of higher plants to the subantarctic environment. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance permitted, in combination with biochemical methods, the identification and quantification of the major solutes in leaves, stem and roots. As characterized in many Brassicaceae, proline was a major solute in all organs of the plants, and its accumulation was mainly controlled by salt stress rather than temperature. Glucose was the major soluble sugar in the leaves, whilst sucrose and starch accumulated in stems and roots. Over a period of 1 year we found strong correlations between (i) glucose content in leaves and irradiance, and (ii) starch content in non-photosynthetic organs and air temperature. The pattern of carbohydrate accumulation indirectly indicated that photosynthetis was sustained throughout the year, even during cold days when the temperature remained near 0 °C. This is consistent with the direct gas exchange measurements showing that photosynthetic capacity is mainly influenced by irradiance and weakly by temperature. Taken together, these characteristics demonstrated that the growth and development cycle occurs without a period of dormancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00417.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthase to starch synthesis in developing pea seeds (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using genetic variability existing amongst nine pea genotypes (Pisum sativum L.), the biochemical basis of sink strength in developing pea seeds was investigated. Sink strength was considered to be reflected by the rate of starch synthesis (RSS) in the embryo, and sink activity in the seed was reflected by the relative rate of starch synthesis (RRSS). These rates were compared to the activities of three enzymes of the starch biosynthetic pathway [sucrose synthase (Sus), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthase] at three developmental stages during seed filling (25, 50 and 75% of the dry seed weight). Complete sets of data collected during seed filling for the nine genotypes showed that, for all enzyme activities (expressed on a protein basis), only Sus in the embryo and seed coat was linearly and significantly correlated to RRSS. The contribution of the three enzyme activities to the variability in RSS and RRSS was evaluated by multiple regression analysis for the first two developmental stages. Only Sus activity in the embryo could explain, at least in part, the significant variability observed for both the RSS and the RRSS at each developmental stage. We conclude that Sus activity is a reliable marker of sink activity in developing pea seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-32.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant growth stages in the interspecific oviposition preference of the european corn borer and relations with chemicals present on the leaf surfaces (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Egg laying ; preference ; host plant ; phenological stages ; phylloplane ; sugars ; amino acids ; Ostrinia nubilalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation de l'importance de la phénologie des plantes dans le choix interspécifique de la pyrale du maïs (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) pour pondre. Les expériences ont été poursuivies en serre en choix binaires sur plantes entières. Le choix entre le maïs et le haricot a été donné à l'insecte en différentes combinaisons de stades phénologiques. Les résultats montrent que c'est la phénologie qui gouverne la préférence plus que l'espèce végétale. Au cours de la croissance simultanée du maïs et du haricot d'une part, du maïs et du tournesol d'autre part, l'espèce préférée par la pyrale change. A certaines associations de stades phénologiques il n'y a pas de préférence entre les deux espèces, qui reçoivent alors autant de pontes l'une que l'autre. Des substances biochimiques hydrosolubles telles que les glucides et acides aminés libres présentes en surface des feuilles (phylloplan) ont été étudiées en corrélation avec le comportement de choix de site de ponte de la pyrale. Les différences relatives des quantités de fructose entre les deux espèces composantes du choix sont hautement corrélées avec la préférence de l'insecte. L'effet de cette substance est accentué par les différences relatives des quantités de proline, glucose et saccharose.
    Notes: Abstract The oviposition preference of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. Lepidoptera pyralidae was studied in relation to phenological stages of different plant species (Zea mays L., Helianthus annuus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiments were done in greenhouses in binary choices. The results show that the plant phenological stages were more important than the plant species in the insect oviposition preference. When the choice was given between two plant species throughout their growth, the preference varied in relation to the development of each species. The relative differences in fructose amounts found on the leaf surfaces (phylloplane) were highly correlated with the insect oviposition preference. Amounts of proline, glucose and sucrose may accentuate this previous effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162858
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    B-mode ultrasound in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis in intensive care unit (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 1174-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Maxillary sinusitis ; Sinusitis diagnosis ; Ultrasonography ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiological maxillary sinusitis (RMS) is not an easily diagnosed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). B-mode ultrasound of paranasal sinuses, validated for the ambulatory patients, was evaluated in a prospective study. One hundred fifty three ultrasound examinations were performed on 30 critically ill patients and compared to CT scan or radiography (Blondeau's view). Two levels of positive echographia are described: positive echographia corresponding with a moderate lesion, cupuliform echographia when the lesion is more significant. Its good predictive negative value when the echographia is negative and its predictive positive value of 100 % when the echographia is cupuliform allow to recommend B-mode ultrasound as the best investigation for the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis in a ICU. Diagnostic ultrasound represents a rapid, painless, innocuous and easily reproducible means of monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050476
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification, characterization and physiological role of sucrose synthase in the pea seed coat (Pisum sativum L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 201 (1997), S. 128-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Pisum ; Seed coat ; Sucrose ; Sucrose-metabolizing enzymes ; Sucrose synthase ; Starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seed coat is a maternal organ which surrounds the embryo and is involved in the control of its nutrition. This study with pea (Pisum sativum L.) was conducted to understand more fully the sucrose/starch interconversions occurring in the seed coat. The concentrations of soluble sugars, the starch content, and the activities of the sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, sucrose synthase (Sus; EC 2.4.1.13), alkaline and soluble acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) were compared at four developmental stages during seed filling. Among the four enzymes, only Sus activity was very high and strongly correlated with the starch concentration in the seed coat. Sucrose synthase catalyses the cleavage of sucrose in the presence of UDP into UDP-glucose and fructose. Sucrose synthase was purified from pea seed coats in a three-step protocol, consisting of diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel chromatography, gel filtration and affinity chromatography. The enzyme was characterized at the biochemical and molecular levels. Sucrose synthase exhibits biochemical properties which allow it to function in the direction of both sucrose cleavage and synthesis. The mass-action ratio of its four substrates was close to the theoretical equilibrium constant at the four developmental stages we studied. A labelling experiment on seed coats has shown that Sus activity is reversible in vivo and can produce 37% of neosynthesized sucrose in the seed coat cells (minimum value). It is concluded that Sus could play a central role in the control of sucrose concentration in the seed coat cells in response to the demand for sucrose in the embryo during the development of the seed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007697
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term effects of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium assimilation on photosynthesis, carbon partitioning and protein phosphorylation in maize (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein complex ; Nitrogen assimilation ; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ; Photosynthesis ; Sucrose phosphate synthase ; Zea (photosynthesis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Contessa) was grown with a nitrogen supply that was just sufficient to support maximal biomass production. The third leaves from 14-to 21-d-old plants were harvested and net photosynthesis allowed to attain steady-state rates at an irradiance of either 250 or 700 μmol·m−2·s−1. Nitrogen in the form of either KNO3, KNO2 or NH4Cl was then supplied to the leaves through the transpiration stream. In all cases the addition of the nitrogen source resulted in an approximate doubling of the total amino-acid content of the leaves within 1 h. The glutamine pool increased to ten times the level found in control leaves in the light in the absence of added nitrogen. Glutamine accounted for about 21–24% of the total amino-acid content in leaves fed with 40 mM NH4Cl. Nitrate caused a rapid, but transient inhibition of the rate of net CO2 assimilation, accompanied by an increase in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and a decrease in the maximum extractable activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase. This demonstrates that the activities of phospho-enolpyruvate carboxylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase are modulated by NO 3 − in the C4 plant maize, in a similar manner to that observed in C3 plants. Nitrite or ammonium feeding resulted in decreased rates of CO2 assimilation for as long as the nitrogen source was supplied. In all cases the degree of inhibition was greatest at high irradiance and least at low irradiance, even though the total amino-acid contents of the leaves were comparable at the time when maximum inhibition of CO2 assimilation occurred. Measurements of chlorophyll-a fluorescence showed that the quantum efficiency of PSII decreased and non-radiative dissipation of excitation energy increased as CO2 assimilation was inhibited by nitrate or nitrite. These metabolites had no direct effect on thylakoid PSII-based electron transport. Ammonium ions weakly inhibited O2 evolution at high concentrations. The addition of nitrogen (KNO 3 − , KNO2 or NH4Cl) caused a significant decrease in the phosphorylation state of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein of the thylakoid membranes. We conclude that the response of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and electron transport in maize is essentially similar whether nitrogen is supplied in the form of nitrate, nitrite or ammonium, with the noteworthy exception that the nitrogen-induced inhibition of photosynthesis is transient when leaves are supplied with NO 3 − but sustained when NO 2 − or NH 4 + is provided. We suggest that the observed modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase is mediated by the increase in the endogenous level of glutamine. Furthermore, the transient nature of the inhibition of CO2 assimilation in the case of NO 3 − , but not NO 2 − or NH 4 + , may be due to regulation of nitrate reductase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089037
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term effects of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium assimilation on photosynthesis, carbon partitioning and protein phosphorylation in maize (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein complex ; Nitrogen assimilation ; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ; Photosynthesis ; Sucrose phosphate synthase ; Zea (photosynthesis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Contessa) was grown with a nitrogen supply that was just sufficient to support maximal biomass production. The third leaves from 14-to 21-d-old plants were harvested and net photosynthesis allowed to attain steady-state rates at an irradiance of either 250 or 700 μmol·m−2·s−1. Nitrogen in the form of either KNO3, KNO2 or NH4Cl was then supplied to the leaves through the transpiration stream. In all cases the addition of the nitrogen source resulted in an approximate doubling of the total amino-acid content of the leaves within 1 h. The glutamine pool increased to ten times the level found in control leaves in the light in the absence of added nitrogen. Glutamine accounted for about 21–24% of the total amino-acid content in leaves fed with 40 mM NH4Cl. Nitrate caused a rapid, but transient inhibition of the rate of net CO2 assimilation, accompanied by an increase in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and a decrease in the maximum extractable activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase. This demonstrates that the activities of phospho-enolpyruvate carboxylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase are modulated by NO 3 − in the C4 plant maize, in a similar manner to that observed in C3 plants. Nitrite or ammonium feeding resulted in decreased rates of CO2 assimilation for as long as the nitrogen source was supplied. In all cases the degree of inhibition was greatest at high irradiance and least at low irradiance, even though the total amino-acid contents of the leaves were comparable at the time when maximum inhibition of CO2 assimilation occurred. Measurements of chlorophyll-a fluorescence showed that the quantum efficiency of PSII decreased and non-radiative dissipation of excitation energy increased as CO2 assimilation was inhibited by nitrate or nitrite. These metabolites had no direct effect on thylakoid PSII-based electron transport. Ammonium ions weakly inhibited O2 evolution at high concentrations. The addition of nitrogen (KNO 3 − , KNO2 or NH4Cl) caused a significant decrease in the phosphorylation state of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein of the thylakoid membranes. We conclude that the response of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and electron transport in maize is essentially similar whether nitrogen is supplied in the form of nitrate, nitrite or ammonium, with the noteworthy exception that the nitrogen-induced inhibition of photosynthesis is transient when leaves are supplied with NO 3 − but sustained when NO 2 − or NH 4 + is provided. We suggest that the observed modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase is mediated by the increase in the endogenous level of glutamine. Furthermore, the transient nature of the inhibition of CO2 assimilation in the case of NO 3 − , but not NO 2 − or NH 4 + , may be due to regulation of nitrate reductase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194455
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seroepidemiological survey of HTLV-I infection in French Polynesia, Cook Islands and Fiji (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: HTLV-I ; Seroprevalence ; Pacific Islands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Different population groups of French Polynesia, Cook Islands and Fiji were screened for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies. Among 1487 individuals sampled in French Polynesia, twelve were considered Western Blot (WB) indeterminate and one was considered WB-positive for HTLV-I infection. This positive subject originated from France and was a blood donor. Out of 196 Polynesians of the Cook Islands, one was WB-indeterminate. Among populations sampled in Fiji, one of 222 Melanesians was found WB-indeterminate and one of 211 Indians was WB-indeterminate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146276
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dengue surveillance in French Polynesia: An attempt to use the excess number of laboratory requests for confirmation of dengue diagnosis as an indicator of dengue activity (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 616-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Dengue surveillance ; French Polynesia ; Mathematical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The excess number of weekly laboratory requests for confirmation of dengue diagnosis over the expected number of requests forecasted by the modified Serfling method is proposed for the surveillance of dengue in French Polynesia, in addition to conventional methods. Retrospective analysis of the seasonal curves of dengue activity related to the number of laboratory requests is described for the years 1982–1987 where dengue type 4 was the only active flavivirus at the time when the forecast was initiated. By using past epidemic data, the probability of,failing to recognize an increase in excess of requests as possibly epidemic was of 13.2% and 5.8%, respectively, when the criterion for epidemic increase was set respectively at 2 and 3 successive weeks during which the epidemic threshold is exceeded. A weekly surveillance was set up prospectively for 1988 using these criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218671
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