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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This dataset contains hourly-averaged ozone dry air mole fractions measured during the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. This is a merged dataset that combines cross-evaluated measurements performed in the University of Colorado (CU), the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, and Swiss containers onboard Research Vessel Polarstern. The data columns include the Date and Time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the latitude and longitude of the Research Vessel Polarstern, the ozone dry air mole fraction in nmol/mol, and the sampling location.
    Keywords: Aerosol Observing System; AOS; Arctic Ocean; central Arctic Ocean; DATE/TIME; LATITUDE; Location; LONGITUDE; MOSAiC; MOSAiC_ATMOS; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; North Greenland Sea; O3_MONITOR; OZA; ozone; Ozone, dry-air mole fraction; Ozone analyzer; Ozone monitor; Polarstern; PS122/1; PS122/1_1-342; PS122/1_1-54; PS122/1_1-76; PS122/2; PS122/2_14-15; PS122/2_14-167; PS122/2_14-254; PS122/3; PS122/3_28-13; PS122/3_28-35; PS122/4; PS122/4_43-127; PS122/4_43-27; PS122/4_43-60; PS122/5; PS122/5_58-14; PS122/5_58-28
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16262 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This dataset contains hourly-averaged methane dry air mole fractions measured during the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. This is a merged dataset that combines cross-evaluated measurements performed in the University of Colorado (CU) and Swiss containers on Research Vessel Polarstern, along with cross-evaluated measurements performed on sea ice at Met City, and discrete whole air samples collected for post-cruise analysis at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML). The data columns include the Date and Time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the latitude and longitude of the Research Vessel Polarstern, the methane dry air mole fraction in nmol/mol, and the sampling location.
    Keywords: AIRS; Air sampler; Arctic Ocean; Cavity ring-down greenhouse gas flux analyzer; central Arctic Ocean; CRDGFA; DATE/TIME; FLUX_TOWER; Flux tower; LATITUDE; Location; LONGITUDE; Methane, dry-air mole fraction; Methane concentration; MOSAiC; MOSAiC_ATMOS; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS122/1; PS122/1_1-299; PS122/1_1-70; PS122/1_1-75; PS122/1_4-38; PS122/2; PS122/2_14-119; PS122/2_14-202; PS122/2_14-256; PS122/2_20-118; PS122/2_21-131; PS122/2_22-100; PS122/2_23-112; PS122/2_24-91; PS122/3; PS122/3_28-31; PS122/3_28-38; PS122/3_28-7; PS122/3_29-86; PS122/3_31-97; PS122/3_32-99; PS122/3_34-100; PS122/3_34-99; PS122/3_35-123; PS122/3_36-92; PS122/3_37-163; PS122/3_39-138; PS122/3_40-54; PS122/3_41-21; PS122/3_42-51; PS122/4; PS122/4_43-30; PS122/4_43-48; PS122/4_43-74; PS122/4_44-145; PS122/4_45-4; PS122/4_47-106; PS122/4_47-107; PS122/4_50-7; PS122/5; PS122/5_58-117; PS122/5_58-29; PS122/5_58-6; PS122/5_59-477; PS122/5_60-221; PS122/5_61-43; Snow sampler metal; SSM; TGM; Trace gas monitor
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16170 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This dataset contains hourly-averaged carbon monoxide dry air mole fractions measured during the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. This is a merged dataset that combines cross-evaluated measurements performed in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and Swiss containers on the D-deck of Research Vessel Polarstern, along with data from discrete whole air samples collected for post-cruise analysis at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML). The data columns include the Date and Time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the latitude and longitude of the Research Vessel Polarstern, the carbon monoxide dry air mole fraction in nmol/mol, and the sampling location.
    Keywords: Aerosol Observing System; AIRS; Air sampler; AOS; Arctic Ocean; carbon monoxide; Carbon monoxide, dry-air mole fraction; central Arctic Ocean; DATE/TIME; LATITUDE; Location; LONGITUDE; MOSAiC; MOSAiC_ATMOS; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS122/1; PS122/1_1-342; PS122/1_1-75; PS122/1_4-38; PS122/2; PS122/2_14-15; PS122/2_14-256; PS122/2_20-118; PS122/2_21-131; PS122/2_22-100; PS122/2_23-112; PS122/2_24-91; PS122/3; PS122/3_28-38; PS122/3_29-86; PS122/3_31-97; PS122/3_32-99; PS122/3_34-100; PS122/3_34-99; PS122/3_35-123; PS122/3_36-92; PS122/3_37-163; PS122/3_39-138; PS122/3_40-54; PS122/3_41-21; PS122/3_42-51; PS122/4; PS122/4_43-127; PS122/4_43-30; PS122/4_44-145; PS122/4_45-4; PS122/4_47-106; PS122/4_47-107; PS122/4_50-7; PS122/5; PS122/5_58-29; PS122/5_59-477; PS122/5_60-221; PS122/5_61-43; Snow sampler metal; SSM; TGM; Trace gas monitor
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15740 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This dataset contains hourly-averaged carbon dioxide dry air mole fractions measured during the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. This is a merged dataset that combines cross-evaluated measurements performed in the University of Colorado (CU) and Swiss containers on Research Vessel Polarstern, along with cross-evaluated measurements performed on sea ice at Met City, and discrete whole air samples collected for post-cruise analysis at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML). This merged dataset is recommended for further use by the community. The data columns include the Date and Time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the latitude and longitude of the Research Vessel Polarstern, the carbon dioxide dry air mole fraction in µmol/mol, and the sampling location.
    Keywords: AIRS; Air sampler; Arctic Ocean; carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, dry-air mole fraction; Cavity ring-down greenhouse gas flux analyzer; central Arctic Ocean; CRDGFA; DATE/TIME; FLUX_TOWER; Flux tower; LATITUDE; Location; LONGITUDE; MOSAiC; MOSAiC_ATMOS; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS122/1; PS122/1_1-299; PS122/1_1-70; PS122/1_1-75; PS122/1_4-38; PS122/2; PS122/2_14-119; PS122/2_14-202; PS122/2_14-256; PS122/2_20-118; PS122/2_21-131; PS122/2_22-100; PS122/2_23-112; PS122/2_24-91; PS122/3; PS122/3_28-31; PS122/3_28-38; PS122/3_28-7; PS122/3_29-86; PS122/3_31-97; PS122/3_32-99; PS122/3_34-100; PS122/3_34-99; PS122/3_35-123; PS122/3_36-92; PS122/3_37-163; PS122/3_39-138; PS122/3_40-54; PS122/3_41-21; PS122/3_42-51; PS122/4; PS122/4_43-30; PS122/4_43-48; PS122/4_43-74; PS122/4_44-145; PS122/4_45-4; PS122/4_47-106; PS122/4_47-107; PS122/4_50-7; PS122/5; PS122/5_58-117; PS122/5_58-29; PS122/5_58-6; PS122/5_59-477; PS122/5_60-221; PS122/5_61-43; Snow sampler metal; SSM; TGM; Trace gas monitor
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15230 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-06-04
    Description: During the MOSAiC expedition 2019-2020 atmospheric thermodynamic profile measurements have been conducted from a meteorological (Met) Tower on the sea ice, as well as via collocated radiosondes that were launched approximately every six hours from aboard Polarstern. While the radiosondes lack the lowermost 10 m above the sea ice, the Met Tower profile can be used to fill this gap (observations at 0, 2, 6 and 10 meters). This is a blended data product that merges the Met Tower profile (data version 3.4, doi:10.18739/A2PV6B83F) in the minute of the radiosonde launch with the radiosonde profile aloft (data version 3, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.943870). Parameters included are temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed and -direction, and air pressure. The aim of this product is two-fold: (1) To provide comprehensive atmospheric profiles for each radiosonde launch, that additionally retain the lowermost meters of the atmospheric boundary layer above the sea ice and (2) to remove potential unrealistic T/RH values from the radiosonde profiles that can emerge in the lowermost 100 m due to the influence of the ship on the measurement. Examples for the latter are occasional warm anomalies due to the heat island effect of the ship, or elevated, vertically confined peaks that can arise from the ship's exhaust plume. The potential effect of the exhaust plume on the T profile is estimated by comparing the radiosonde at 30 m height to the concurring Polarstern meteorological observation (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.935263 - doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.935267). Given the geometrical constellation of the Polarstern observation towards the bow of the ship and the sounding launch platform at the aft of the ship, and depending on the wind direction relative to the ship, it can be assumed that at least one of the T measurements is less impacted from the ship exhaust than the other, and is retained. In a next step, the 10 - 30 m height segment in T and RH is filled with a linear interpolation between the Met Tower at 10 m and the radiosonde observation at 30 m. When identified, remaining T/RH peaks in the lowermost 100 m of the profile are removed and filled with a linear interpolation from below to above the peak. T/RH flags are provided to indicate where the profiles have been manipulated from the original data, and to indicate the reason for missing data in the profile. Compared to the original profiles, this blended product adds value and quality control in the lowest 100 m, which makes it better suitable, for example, for boundary layer analyses.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; boundary layer; DATE/TIME; Event label; FLUX_TOWER; Flux tower; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MOSAiC; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; North Greenland Sea; Other event; Polarstern; Profile; PS122/1; PS122/1_10-103; PS122/1_10-105; PS122/1_10-106; PS122/1_10-107; PS122/1_10-108; PS122/1_10-134; PS122/1_10-135; PS122/1_10-21; PS122/1_10-22; PS122/1_10-23; PS122/1_10-24; PS122/1_10-28; PS122/1_10-29; PS122/1_10-3; PS122/1_10-30; PS122/1_10-31; PS122/1_10-4; PS122/1_10-53; PS122/1_10-54; PS122/1_10-56; PS122/1_10-57; PS122/1_10-73; PS122/1_10-74; PS122/1_10-75; PS122/1_10-76; PS122/1_10-94; PS122/1_10-95; PS122/1_10-99; PS122/1_11-10; PS122/1_11-29; PS122/1_11-30; PS122/1_11-31; PS122/1_11-32; PS122/1_11-33; PS122/1_11-43; PS122/1_11-44; PS122/1_11-45; PS122/1_11-46; PS122/1_11-5; PS122/1_11-6; PS122/1_11-7; PS122/1_11-8; PS122/1_11-9; PS122/1_1-299; PS122/1_2-10; PS122/1_2-100; PS122/1_2-101; PS122/1_2-102; PS122/1_2-103; PS122/1_2-104; PS122/1_2-105; PS122/1_2-106; PS122/1_2-107; PS122/1_2-11; PS122/1_2-110; PS122/1_2-111; PS122/1_2-112; PS122/1_2-113; PS122/1_2-115; PS122/1_2-116; PS122/1_2-117; PS122/1_2-118; PS122/1_2-119; PS122/1_2-12; PS122/1_2-120; PS122/1_2-121; PS122/1_2-122; PS122/1_2-123; PS122/1_2-127; PS122/1_2-135; PS122/1_2-136; PS122/1_2-137; PS122/1_2-139; PS122/1_2-141; PS122/1_2-142; PS122/1_2-143; PS122/1_2-144; PS122/1_2-145; PS122/1_2-146; PS122/1_2-147; PS122/1_2-148; PS122/1_2-149; PS122/1_2-150; PS122/1_2-16; PS122/1_2-160; PS122/1_2-161; PS122/1_2-162; PS122/1_2-163; PS122/1_2-17; PS122/1_2-171; PS122/1_2-172; PS122/1_2-173; PS122/1_2-174; PS122/1_2-179; PS122/1_2-180; PS122/1_2-181; PS122/1_2-182; PS122/1_2-184; PS122/1_2-185; PS122/1_2-186; PS122/1_2-187; PS122/1_2-188; PS122/1_2-189; PS122/1_2-190; PS122/1_2-191; PS122/1_2-192; PS122/1_2-193; PS122/1_2-20; PS122/1_2-204; PS122/1_2-205; PS122/1_2-21; PS122/1_2-27; PS122/1_2-28; PS122/1_2-29; PS122/1_2-31; PS122/1_2-32; PS122/1_2-33; PS122/1_2-34; PS122/1_2-36; PS122/1_2-37; PS122/1_2-38; PS122/1_2-39; PS122/1_2-4; PS122/1_2-41; PS122/1_2-42; PS122/1_2-43; PS122/1_2-44; PS122/1_2-49; PS122/1_2-5; PS122/1_2-51; PS122/1_2-52; PS122/1_2-53; PS122/1_2-54; PS122/1_2-55; PS122/1_2-56; PS122/1_2-59; PS122/1_2-6; PS122/1_2-60; PS122/1_2-61; PS122/1_2-62; PS122/1_2-69; PS122/1_2-7; PS122/1_2-70; PS122/1_2-71; PS122/1_2-72; PS122/1_2-73; PS122/1_2-74; PS122/1_2-75; PS122/1_2-76; PS122/1_2-77; PS122/1_2-78; PS122/1_2-79; PS122/1_2-80; PS122/1_2-81; PS122/1_2-82; PS122/1_2-83; PS122/1_2-86; PS122/1_2-87; PS122/1_2-88; PS122/1_2-9; PS122/1_2-91; PS122/1_2-92; PS122/1_2-93; PS122/1_2-94; PS122/1_4-19; PS122/1_4-20; PS122/1_4-21; PS122/1_4-22; PS122/1_4-30; PS122/1_4-31; PS122/1_4-32; PS122/1_4-33; PS122/1_4-35; PS122/1_4-36; PS122/1_4-4; PS122/1_4-5; PS122/1_4-6; PS122/1_4-7; PS122/1_4-8; PS122/1_4-9; PS122/1_5-10; PS122/1_5-11; PS122/1_5-12; PS122/1_5-13; PS122/1_5-20; PS122/1_5-21; PS122/1_5-22; PS122/1_5-23; PS122/1_5-31; PS122/1_5-32; PS122/1_5-33; PS122/1_5-34; PS122/1_5-36; PS122/1_5-37; PS122/1_5-38; PS122/1_5-39; PS122/1_5-49; PS122/1_5-50; PS122/1_5-51; PS122/1_5-52; PS122/1_5-6; PS122/1_5-7; PS122/1_5-72; PS122/1_5-73; PS122/1_5-74; PS122/1_5-75; PS122/1_5-79; PS122/1_5-80; PS122/1_6-112; PS122/1_6-113; PS122/1_6-114; PS122/1_6-115; PS122/1_6-12; PS122/1_6-125; PS122/1_6-126; PS122/1_6-13; PS122/1_6-14; PS122/1_6-15; PS122/1_6-24; PS122/1_6-25; PS122/1_6-26; PS122/1_6-27; PS122/1_6-3; PS122/1_6-53; PS122/1_6-54; PS122/1_6-55; PS122/1_6-56; PS122/1_6-71; PS122/1_6-72; PS122/1_6-73; PS122/1_6-74; PS122/1_6-82; PS122/1_6-83; PS122/1_6-84; PS122/1_6-85; PS122/1_7-100; PS122/1_7-101; PS122/1_7-102; PS122/1_7-107; PS122/1_7-108; PS122/1_7-109; PS122/1_7-110; PS122/1_7-113; PS122/1_7-114; PS122/1_7-13; PS122/1_7-14; PS122/1_7-26; PS122/1_7-27; PS122/1_7-29; PS122/1_7-30; PS122/1_7-43; PS122/1_7-44; PS122/1_7-45; PS122/1_7-46; PS122/1_7-63; PS122/1_7-64; PS122/1_7-65; PS122/1_7-66; PS122/1_7-83; PS122/1_7-84; PS122/1_7-85; PS122/1_7-86; PS122/1_7-99; PS122/1_8-101; PS122/1_8-11; PS122/1_8-115; PS122/1_8-116; PS122/1_8-117; PS122/1_8-118; PS122/1_8-12; PS122/1_8-120; PS122/1_8-121; PS122/1_8-13; PS122/1_8-14; PS122/1_8-39; PS122/1_8-40; PS122/1_8-41; PS122/1_8-42; PS122/1_8-5; PS122/1_8-6; PS122/1_8-63; PS122/1_8-64; PS122/1_8-65; PS122/1_8-66; PS122/1_8-80; PS122/1_8-81; PS122/1_8-82; PS122/1_8-83; PS122/1_8-95; PS122/1_8-96; PS122/1_9-100; PS122/1_9-101; PS122/1_9-102; PS122/1_9-105; PS122/1_9-106; PS122/1_9-13; PS122/1_9-14; PS122/1_9-18; PS122/1_9-19; PS122/1_9-20; PS122/1_9-21; PS122/1_9-41; PS122/1_9-42; PS122/1_9-43; PS122/1_9-44; PS122/1_9-57; PS122/1_9-58; PS122/1_9-59; PS122/1_9-60; PS122/1_9-77; PS122/1_9-78; PS122/1_9-79; PS122/1_9-80; PS122/1_9-88; PS122/1_9-89; PS122/1_9-90; PS122/1_9-91; PS122/1_99-46; PS122/1_99-47; PS122/1_9-99; PS122/2; PS122/2_14-119; PS122/2_15-1; PS122/2_15-13; PS122/2_15-2; PS122/2_15-3; PS122/2_15-4; PS122/2_15-5; PS122/2_15-7; PS122/2_16-10; PS122/2_16-11; PS122/2_16-13; PS122/2_16-16; PS122/2_16-17; PS122/2_16-18; PS122/2_16-19; PS122/2_16-2; PS122/2_16-3; PS122/2_16-31; PS122/2_16-32; PS122/2_16-33; PS122/2_16-4; PS122/2_16-40; PS122/2_16-41; PS122/2_16-42; PS122/2_16-43; PS122/2_16-5; PS122/2_16-57; PS122/2_16-58; PS122/2_16-59; PS122/2_16-6; PS122/2_16-67; PS122/2_16-68; PS122/2_16-69; PS122/2_16-7; PS122/2_16-70; PS122/2_16-76; PS122/2_17-10; PS122/2_17-102; PS122/2_17-104; PS122/2_17-105; PS122/2_17-11; PS122/2_17-110; PS122/2_17-12; PS122/2_17-21; PS122/2_17-22; PS122/2_17-23; PS122/2_17-24; PS122/2_17-35; PS122/2_17-36; PS122/2_17-37; PS122/2_17-38; PS122/2_17-55; PS122/2_17-56; PS122/2_17-57; PS122/2_17-58; PS122/2_17-71; PS122/2_17-72; PS122/2_17-73; PS122/2_17-74; PS122/2_17-92; PS122/2_17-93; PS122/2_17-94; PS122/2_17-95; PS122/2_18-100; PS122/2_18-11; PS122/2_18-12; PS122/2_18-13; PS122/2_18-20; PS122/2_18-21; PS122/2_18-22; PS122/2_18-28; PS122/2_18-29; PS122/2_18-30; PS122/2_18-31; PS122/2_18-48; PS122/2_18-49; PS122/2_18-50; PS122/2_18-51; PS122/2_18-67; PS122/2_18-68; PS122/2_18-69; PS122/2_18-70; PS122/2_18-85; PS122/2_18-86; PS122/2_18-87; PS122/2_18-88; PS122/2_18-94; PS122/2_18-95; PS122/2_18-96; PS122/2_18-97; PS122/2_19-10; PS122/2_19-100; PS122/2_19-11; PS122/2_19-12; PS122/2_19-124; PS122/2_19-125; PS122/2_19-126; PS122/2_19-127; PS122/2_19-143; PS122/2_19-22; PS122/2_19-23; PS122/2_19-25; PS122/2_19-47; PS122/2_19-48; PS122/2_19-49; PS122/2_19-50; PS122/2_19-71; PS122/2_19-72; PS122/2_19-73; PS122/2_19-74; PS122/2_19-84; PS122/2_19-85; PS122/2_19-86; PS122/2_19-87; PS122/2_19-97; PS122/2_19-98; PS122/2_19-99; PS122/2_20-10; PS122/2_20-103; PS122/2_20-104; PS122/2_20-105; PS122/2_20-106; PS122/2_20-119; PS122/2_20-120; PS122/2_20-121; PS122/2_20-122; PS122/2_20-135; PS122/2_20-19; PS122/2_20-20; PS122/2_20-21; PS122/2_20-22; PS122/2_20-37; PS122/2_20-38; PS122/2_20-39; PS122/2_20-40; PS122/2_20-66; PS122/2_20-67; PS122/2_20-68; PS122/2_20-69; PS122/2_20-8; PS122/2_20-84; PS122/2_20-85; PS122/2_20-86; PS122/2_20-87; PS122/2_20-9; PS122/2_21-106; PS122/2_21-107; PS122/2_21-108; PS122/2_21-109; PS122/2_21-115; PS122/2_21-116; PS122/2_21-117; PS122/2_21-132; PS122/2_21-133; PS122/2_21-134; PS122/2_21-135; PS122/2_21-136; PS122/2_21-21; PS122/2_21-22; PS122/2_21-23; PS122/2_21-37; PS122/2_21-38; PS122/2_21-39; PS122/2_21-40; PS122/2_21-57; PS122/2_21-58; PS122/2_21-59; PS122/2_21-60; PS122/2_21-79; PS122/2_21-80; PS122/2_21-81; PS122/2_21-82; PS122/2_22-10; PS122/2_22-102; PS122/2_22-103; PS122/2_22-104; PS122/2_22-105; PS122/2_22-11; PS122/2_22-111; PS122/2_22-20; PS122/2_22-21; PS122/2_22-22; PS122/2_22-23; PS122/2_22-38; PS122/2_22-39; PS122/2_22-41; PS122/2_22-57; PS122/2_22-58; PS122/2_22-59; PS122/2_22-60; PS122/2_22-78; PS122/2_22-79; PS122/2_22-80; PS122/2_22-81; PS122/2_22-86; PS122/2_22-87; PS122/2_22-88; PS122/2_22-89; PS122/2_22-9; PS122/2_23-101; PS122/2_23-102; PS122/2_23-103; PS122/2_23-104; PS122/2_23-117; PS122/2_23-118; PS122/2_23-119; PS122/2_23-
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3036 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The air-sea gas transfer velocity (K-660) is typically assessed as a function of the 10-m neutral wind speed (U-10n), but there remains substantial uncertainty in this relationship. Here K-660 of CO2 derived with the eddy covariance (EC) technique from eight datasets (11 research cruises) are reevaluated with consistent consideration of solubility and Schmidt number and inclusion of the ocean cool skin effect. K-660 shows an approximately linear dependence with the friction velocity (u*) in moderate winds, with an overall relative standard deviation (relative standard error) of about 20% (7%). The largest relative uncertainty in K-660 occurs at low wind speeds, while the largest absolute uncertainty in K-660 occurs at high wind speeds. There is an apparent regional variation in the steepness of the K-660-u* relationships: North Atlantic 〉= Southern Ocean 〉 other regions (Arctic, Tropics). Accounting for sea state helps to collapse some of this regional variability in K-660 using the wave Reynolds number in very large seas and the mean squared slope of the waves in small to moderate seas. The grand average of EC-derived K-660 ( - 1.47 + 76.67 u * + 20.48 u *(2) o r 0.36 + 1.203 U-10n + 0.167 U (2)(10n) ) is similar at moderate to high winds to widely used dual tracer-based K-660 parametrization, but consistently exceeds the dual tracer estimate in low winds, possibly in part due to the chemical enhancement in air-sea CO2 exchange. Combining the grand average of EC-derived K-660 with the global distribution of wind speed yields a global average transfer velocity that is comparable with the global radiocarbon (C-14) disequilibrium, but is similar to 20% higher than what is implied by dual tracer parametrizations. This analysis suggests that CO2 fluxes computed using a U-10n (2) dependence with zero intercept (e.g., dual tracer) are likely underestimated at relatively low wind speeds.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Dimethyl sulfide ; sulfur dioxide ; isotope dilution ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; grab sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Developments allowing the direct determination of sulfur dioxide and dimethyl sulfide in grab samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with isotopically labeled standards (GC/MS/ILS) are reported. Isotopomers of DMS and SO2 are used as internal standards. Spiked air samples are dried to a dew point of 〈−60 °C and trapped cryogenically in loops of Teflon tubing. Sealed samples are transported to the laboratory under liquid nitrogen and later subjected to GC/MS analysis. Holding times of up to one month do not result in significant sample loss. For samples collected in a clean marine environment, concentrations of SO2 and DMS greater than 5 and 8 pptv, respectively, are significantly different from blanks at the 95% confidence level. Average measurement precision derived from a propagation of errors are 9% for SO2 and 42% for DMS at concentrations from 5–15 pptv. Improvements are outlined which should provide sensitivity and precision comparable to that of on-site GC/MS. The technique will allow increased flexibility for the determination of trace sulfur species in the field under conditions where deployment of a mass spectrometer is not possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of The UK–SOLAS projects were funded by the Natural Environment Research Council Grants NE/C001826/1 (HiWASE), NE/C001842/1 (SEASAW), NE/C001702/1 (DOGEE), and NE/E011489/1 (DMS Fluxes); and by NSF Grants ATM05-26341 (Hawaii), OCE-0623450 (Miami), and NSF-OCE 0549887/0834340/0550000 (APL-UW). for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90 (2009): 629-644, doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2578.1.
    Description: As part of the U.K. contribution to the international Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study, a series of three related projects—DOGEE, SEASAW, and HiWASE—undertook experimental studies of the processes controlling the physical exchange of gases and sea spray aerosol at the sea surface. The studies share a common goal: to reduce the high degree of uncertainty in current parameterization schemes. The wide variety of measurements made during the studies, which incorporated tracer and surfactant release experiments, included direct eddy correlation fluxes, detailed wave spectra, wind history, photographic retrievals of whitecap fraction, aerosol-size spectra and composition, surfactant concentration, and bubble populations in the ocean mixed layer. Measurements were made during three cruises in the northeast Atlantic on the RRS Discovery during 2006 and 2007; a fourth campaign has been making continuous measurements on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront since September 2006. This paper provides an overview of the three projects and some of the highlights of the measurement campaigns.
    Description: As part of the U.K. contribution to the international Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study, a series of three related projects—DOGEE, SEASAW, and HiWASE—undertook experimental studies of the processes controlling the physical exchange of gases and sea spray aerosol at the sea surface. The studies share a common goal: to reduce the high degree of uncertainty in current parameterization schemes. The wide variety of measurements made during the studies, which incorporated tracer and surfactant release experiments, included direct eddy correlation fluxes, detailed wave spectra, wind history, photographic retrievals of whitecap fraction, aerosol-size spectra and composition, surfactant concentration, and bubble populations in the ocean mixed layer. Measurements were made during three cruises in the northeast Atlantic on the RRS Discovery during 2006 and 2007; a fourth campaign has been making continuous measurements on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront since September 2006. This paper provides an overview of the three projects and some of the highlights of the measurement campaigns.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station (WHOTS), located approximately 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii, is intended to provide long-term, high-quality air-sea fluxes as a part of the NOAA Climate Observation Program. The WHOTS mooring also serves as a coordinated part of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program, contributing to the goals of observing heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes at a site representative of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring instrumented for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 22.75°N, 158°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations are used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the thirteenth WHOTS mooring (WHOTS-13) and deployment of the fourteenth mooring (WHOTS-14). Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element and were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each ASIMET system measures, records, and transmits via Argos and Iridium satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 155 m of the moorings were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, conductivity and velocity in a cooperative effort with Dr. Roger Lukas of the University of Hawaii. A pCO2 system and ancillary sensors were installed on the buoys in cooperation with Adrienne J. Sutton at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The WHOTS mooring turnaround was conducted on the NOAA ship Hi’ialakai (R/V HA). Operations were a joint effort undertaken by the Upper Ocean Processes group (UOP) of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the University of Hawaii’s (UH) Hawaii Ocean Time-series group (HOT), and the able-bodied crew of R/V HA. The cruise took place between 25 July and August 3 2017. Operations began with deployment of the WHOTS-14 mooring on 27 July. This was followed by a period of intercomparison, where meteorological measurements and CTDs were collected at both the W13 and W14 stations. Recovery of the WHOTS-13 mooring took place on 31 July. This report details the in-port operations, pre-cruise buoy preparations, cruise operations and data collected.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA14OAR4320158 and the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR).
    Keywords: Hydrography--North Pacific Ocean--Observations ; Oceanographic instruments--North Pacific Ocean--Observations
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and January. This cruise was conducted on the Chilean research vessel Cabo de Hornos. During the 2015 cruise on the Cabo de Hornos to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 13) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 14 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship and CTD casts near the moorings. Surface drifters were also launched along the track.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA140AR4320158
    Keywords: Cabo de Hornos (Ship) Cruise Stratus 14
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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