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  • 1
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    Atmospheric pathways of phosphorous to the Bay of Bengal: Contribution from anthropogenic sources and mineral dust (2012)
    Co-Action Publishing
    In: Tellus B
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-14
    Description: The continental outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Southeast Asia, during the late NE monsoon (January–March), dominates the transport of chemical constituents to the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). During the rest of the year, prevailing wind regimes and meteorological conditions do not favour the atmospheric transport of continental products. Here we report on the spatio-temporal variability of inorganic phosphorous (P Inorg = ) in the MABL and its dry-deposition flux to the surface BoB. On the basis of the abundance of P Inorg in PM 2.5 (0.1–0.8 nmol m −3 ) and PM 10 (0.3–2.8 nmol m −3 ), we document its dominant occurrence in the coarse mode (D a ≥2.5 µm). The analytical data also provide evidence for the chemical processing of mineral dust by acidic species and mobilisation of P Inorg during the long-range atmospheric transport. However, significantly high P Inorg /non-sea-salt Ca 2+ ratios over the BoB suggest dominant contribution from anthropogenic sources (fertilisers and biomass burning emissions). P Inorg concentration over the Arabian Sea is about 4 to 5 times lower and is primarily associated with the mineral dust from desert regions. The dry-deposition flux of P Inorg to the BoB varies by one order of magnitude (0.5–5.0 µmol P m −2 d −1 ; Av: 0.02 Tg P yr −1 ). These results have implications to the air-sea deposition of phosphorous over oceanic regions downwind of the pollution sources and impact on the biogeochemistry of surface waters. Keywords: aerosol phosphorus; size-distribution; chemical processing; mineral dust; anthropogenic sources; Bay of Bengal; Arabian Sea (Published: 13 July 2012) Citation: Tellus B 2012, 64 , 17174, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17174
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Co-Action Publishing on behalf of The International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm.
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  • 2
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    Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and impacts on oceanic N2O fluxes in the northern Indian Ocean: The need for an integrated observation and modelling approach (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 166 . pp. 104-113.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Anthropogenically-derived nitrogen input to the northern Indian Ocean has increased significantly in recent decades, based on both observational and model-derived estimates. This external nutrient source is supplied by atmospheric deposition and riverine fluxes, and has the potential to affect the vulnerable biogeochemical systems of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, influencing productivity and oceanic production of the greenhouse-gas nitrous-oxide (N 2 O). We summarize current estimates of this external nitrogen source to the northern Indian Ocean from observations and models, highlight implications for regional marine N 2 O emissions using model-based analyses, and make recommendations for measurement and model needs to improve current estimates and future predictions of this impact. Current observationally-derived estimates of deposition and riverine nitrogen inputs are limited by sparse measurements and uncertainties on accurate characterization of nitrogen species composition. Ocean model assessments of the impact of external nitrogen sources on regional marine N 2 O production in the northern Indian Ocean estimate potentially significant changes but also have large associated uncertainties. We recommend an integrated program of basin-wide measurements combined with high-resolution modeling and more detailed characterization of nitrogen-cycle process to address these uncertainties and improve current estimates and predictions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.007
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Atmospheric transport of mineral dust from the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Temporal variability, acid processing, and iron solubility (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: Atmospheric transport of chemical constituents from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) to the Bay of Bengal is a conspicuous seasonal feature that occurs during the late NE-monsoon (December-March). With this perspective, aerosol composition and abundance of mineral dust have been studied during November 2009 - March 2010 from a sampling site (Kharagpur: 22.3 N, 87.3E) in the IGP, representing the atmospheric outflow to the Bay of Bengal. The chemical composition of PM 2.5 suggests the dominance of nss-SO 4 2- (6.9 – 24.3 µg m -3 ); whereas the abundance of mineral dust varied from 3 to 18 µg m -3 . The concentration of aerosol iron (Fe Tot ) and its fractional solubility (Fe ws % = Fe ws /Fe Tot *100, where Fe ws is the water-soluble fraction of Fe Tot ) varied from 60 to 1144 ng m -3 and from 6.7 to 26.5 %, respectively. A striking similarity in the temporal variability of total inorganic acidity (TIA = NO 3 - + nss-SO 4 2- ) and Fe ws (%) provides evidence for acid processing of mineral dust (alluvium) during atmospheric transport from the IGP. The contribution of TIA to water-soluble inorganic species [(nss-SO 4 2- + NO 3 - )/ΣWSIS], mass ratios of Ca/Al and Fe/Al, abundance of dust (%) and Fe ws (%) in the IGP-outflow are similar to the aerosol composition over the Bay of Bengal. With the rapid increase in anthropogenic activities over south and south-east Asia, the enhanced fractional solubility of aerosol iron (attributed to acid processing of mineral dust) has implications to further increase the air-sea deposition of Fe to the surface ocean.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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