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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 429 (2004), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Antarctic Vostok ice core provided compelling evidence of the nature of climate, and of climate feedbacks, over the past 420,000 years. Marine records suggest that the amplitude of climate variability was smaller before that time, but such records are often poorly resolved. Moreover, it is not ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02599
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 106 . pp. 14-28.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-28
    Description: Due to their outstanding resolution and well-constrained chronologies, Greenland ice-core records provide a master record of past climatic changes throughout the Last InterglacialeGlacial cycle in the North Atlantic region. As part of the INTIMATE (INTegration of Ice-core, MArine and TErrestrial records) project, protocols have been proposed to ensure consistent and robust correlation between different records of past climate. A key element of these protocols has been the formal definition and ordinal numbering of the sequence of Greenland Stadials (GS) and Greenland Interstadials (GI) within the most recent glacial period. The GS and GI periods are the Greenland expressions of the characteristic DansgaardeOeschger events that represent cold and warm phases of the North Atlantic region, respectively. We present here a more detailed and extended GS/GI template for the whole of the Last Glacial period. It is based on a synchronization of the NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 ice-core records that allows the parallel analysis of all three records on a common time scale. The boundaries of the GS and GI periods are defined based on a combination of stable-oxygen isotope ratios of the ice (d18O, reflecting mainly local temperature) and calcium ion concentrations (reflecting mainly atmospheric dust loading) measured in the ice. The data not only resolve the well-known sequence of DansgaardeOeschger events that were first defined and numbered in the ice-core records more than two decades ago, but also better resolve a number of short-lived climatic oscillations, some defined here for the first time. Using this revised scheme, we propose a consistent approach for discriminating and naming all the significant abrupt climatic events of the Last Glacial period that are represented in the Greenland ice records. The final product constitutes an extended and better resolved Greenland stratotype sequence, against which other proxy records can be compared and correlated. It also provides a more secure basis for investigating the dynamics and fundamental causes of these climatic perturbations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.007
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Particle concentration and size distribution in the NGRIP ice core (2003)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ruth, Urs; Wagenbach, Dietmar; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Bigler, Matthias (2003): Continuous record of microparticle concentration and size distribution in the central Greenland NGRIP ice core during the last glacial period. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 108(D3), 4098, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002376
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-22
    Description: A novel laser microparticle detector used in conjunction with continuous sample melting has provided a more than 1500 m long record of particle concentration and size distribution of the NGRIP ice core, covering continuously the period approximately from 9.5-100 kyr before present; measurements were at 1.65 m depth resolution, corresponding to approximately 35-200 yr. Particle concentration increased by a factor of 100 in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the Preboreal, and sharp variations of concentration occurred synchronously with rapid changes in the delta18O temperature proxy. The lognormal mode µ of the volume distribution shows clear systematic variations with smaller modes during warmer climates and coarser modes during colder periods. We find µ ~ 1.7 µm diameter during LGM and µ ~ 1.3 µm during the Preboreal. On timescales below several 100 years µ and the particle concentration exhibit a certain degree of independence present especially during warm periods, when µ generally is more variable. Using highly simplifying considerations for atmospheric transport and deposition of particles we infer that (1) the observed changes of µ in the ice largely reflect changes in the size of airborne particles above the ice sheet and (2) changes of µ are indicative of changes in long range atmospheric transport time. From the observed size changes we estimate shorter transit times by roughly 25% during LGM compared to the Preboreal. The associated particle concentration increase from more efficient long range transport is estimated to less than one order of magnitude.
    Keywords: AGE; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; Calculated; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, ice/snow; Depth, top/min; Greenland; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; Mass concentration; Mode, grain size; NGRIP; North Greenland Ice Core Project; NorthGRIP; Particle concentration; Sample comment; Sampling/drilling ice; Standard deviation; Uncertainty of fit parameter
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9558 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Synchronization of the NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 ice cores
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Seierstad, Inger K; Andersen, Katrine K; Bigler, Matthias; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann (2008): Synchronization of the NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 ice cores across MIS 2 and palaeoclimatic implications. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27(1-2), 18-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: We here present a synchronization of the NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 ice cores based mainly on volcanic events over the period 14.9-32.45 ka b2k (before AD 2000), corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2) and the end of MIS 3. The matching provides a basis for applying the recent NGRIP-based Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) time scale to the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores, thereby making it possible to compare the synchronized palaeoclimate profiles of the cores in detail and to identify relative accumulation differences between the cores. Based on the matching, a period of anomalous high accumulation rates in the GISP2 ice core is detected within the period 16.5-18.3 ka b2k. The d18O and [Ca2+] profiles of the three cores are presented on the common GICC05 time scale and generally show excellent agreement across the stadial-interstadial transitions and across the two characteristic dust events in Greenland Stadial 3. However, large differences between the d18O and [Ca2+] profiles of the three cores are seen in the same period as the 7-9% increase in the GISP2 accumulation rate. We conclude that changes of the atmospheric circulation are likely to have occurred in this period, altering the spatial gradients in Greenland and resulting in larger variations between the records.
    Keywords: Greenland Ice Core Projects; GRIP/GISP/NGRIP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Water stable isotope record of ice core NEEM (early Holocene) measured with Continuous Flow Analysis (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gkinis, Vasileios; Popp, Trevor; Blunier, Thomas; Bigler, Matthias; Schüpbach, Simon; Kettner, E; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann (2011): Water isotopic ratios from a continuously melted ice core sample. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 4(11), 2531-2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2531-2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: A new technique for on-line high resolution isotopic analysis of liquid water, tailored for ice core studies is presented. We built an interface between a Wavelength Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (WS-CRDS) purchased from Picarro Inc. and a Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system. The system offers the possibility to perform simultaneuous water isotopic analysis of d18O and dD on a continuous stream of liquid water as generated from a continuously melted ice rod. Injection of sub µl amounts of liquid water is achieved by pumping sample through a fused silica capillary and instantaneously vaporizing it with 100% efficiency in a~home made oven at a temperature of 170 °C. A calibration procedure allows for proper reporting of the data on the VSMOW-SLAP scale. We apply the necessary corrections based on the assessed performance of the system regarding instrumental drifts and dependance on the water concentration in the optical cavity. The melt rates are monitored in order to assign a depth scale to the measured isotopic profiles. Application of spectral methods yields the combined uncertainty of the system at below 0.1 per mil and 0.5 per mil for d18O and dD, respectively. This performance is comparable to that achieved with mass spectrometry. Dispersion of the sample in the transfer lines limits the temporal resolution of the technique. In this work we investigate and assess these dispersion effects. By using an optimal filtering method we show how the measured profiles can be corrected for the smoothing effects resulting from the sample dispersion. Considering the significant advantages the technique offers, i.e. simultaneuous measurement of d18O and dD, potentially in combination with chemical components that are traditionally measured on CFA systems, notable reduction on analysis time and power consumption, we consider it as an alternative to traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry with the possibility to be deployed for field ice core studies. We present data acquired in the field during the 2010 season as part of the NEEM deep ice core drilling project in North Greenland.
    Keywords: DEPTH, ice/snow; Greenland; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; NEEM; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6562 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Water stable isotope record of ice core NEEM (early Holocene) measured discretely (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gkinis, Vasileios; Popp, Trevor; Blunier, Thomas; Bigler, Matthias; Schüpbach, Simon; Kettner, E; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann (2011): Water isotopic ratios from a continuously melted ice core sample. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 4(11), 2531-2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2531-2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: A new technique for on-line high resolution isotopic analysis of liquid water, tailored for ice core studies is presented. We built an interface between a Wavelength Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (WS-CRDS) purchased from Picarro Inc. and a Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system. The system offers the possibility to perform simultaneuous water isotopic analysis of d18O and dD on a continuous stream of liquid water as generated from a continuously melted ice rod. Injection of sub µl amounts of liquid water is achieved by pumping sample through a fused silica capillary and instantaneously vaporizing it with 100% efficiency in a~home made oven at a temperature of 170 °C. A calibration procedure allows for proper reporting of the data on the VSMOW-SLAP scale. We apply the necessary corrections based on the assessed performance of the system regarding instrumental drifts and dependance on the water concentration in the optical cavity. The melt rates are monitored in order to assign a depth scale to the measured isotopic profiles. Application of spectral methods yields the combined uncertainty of the system at below 0.1 per mil and 0.5 per mil for d18O and dD, respectively. This performance is comparable to that achieved with mass spectrometry. Dispersion of the sample in the transfer lines limits the temporal resolution of the technique. In this work we investigate and assess these dispersion effects. By using an optimal filtering method we show how the measured profiles can be corrected for the smoothing effects resulting from the sample dispersion. Considering the significant advantages the technique offers, i.e. simultaneuous measurement of d18O and dD, potentially in combination with chemical components that are traditionally measured on CFA systems, notable reduction on analysis time and power consumption, we consider it as an alternative to traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry with the possibility to be deployed for field ice core studies. We present data acquired in the field during the 2010 season as part of the NEEM deep ice core drilling project in North Greenland.
    Keywords: DEPTH, ice/snow; Greenland; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; NEEM; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 462 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Chronology for the EDML ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ruth, Urs; Barnola, Jean-Marc; Beer, Jürg; Bigler, Matthias; Blunier, Thomas; Castellano, Emiliano; Fischer, Hubertus; Fundel, Felix; Huybrechts, Philippe; Kaufmann, Patrik R; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Lambrecht, Anja; Morganti, Andrea; Oerter, Hans; Parrenin, Frédéric; Rybak, Oleg; Severi, Mirko; Udisti, Roberto; Wilhelms, Frank; Wolff, Eric William (2007): EDML1: a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years. Climate of the Past, 3, 475-484, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice core from Dome-C (EDC) through a stratigraphic match between EDML and EDC that consists of 322 volcanic match points over the last 128 ka. The EDC3 chronology comprises a glaciological model at EDC, which is constrained and later selectively tuned using primary dating information from EDC as well as from EDML, the latter being transferred using the tight stratigraphic link between the two cores. Finally, EDML1 was built by exporting EDC3 to EDML. For ages younger than 41 ka BP the new synchronized time scale EDML1/EDC3 is based on dated volcanic events and on a match to the Greenlandic ice core chronology GICC05 via 10Be and methane. The internal consistency between EDML1 and EDC3 is estimated to be typically ~6 years and always less than 450 years over the last 128 ka (always less than 130 years over the last 60 ka), which reflects an unprecedented synchrony of time scales. EDML1 ends at 150 ka BP (2417 m depth) because the match between EDML and EDC becomes ambiguous further down. This hints at a complex ice flow history for the deepest 350 m of the EDML ice core.
    Keywords: EDML; EDRILL; EPICA; EPICA-Campaigns; EPICA drill; EPICA Dronning Maud Land, DML28C01_00; European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica; Kohnen Station
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Dust and calcium record in calculated for ice core EPICA Dome C (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lambert, Fabrice; Bigler, Matthias; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Hutterli, Manuel A; Fischer, Hubertus (2012): Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica. Climate of the Past, 8, 609-623, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-609-2012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Description: Ice core data from Antarctica provide detailed insights into the characteristics of past climate, atmospheric circulation, as well as changes in the aerosol load of the atmosphere. We present high-resolution records of soluble calcium (Ca2+), non-sea-salt soluble calcium (nssCa2+), and particulate mineral dust aerosol from the East Antarctic Plateau at a depth resolution of 1 cm, spanning the past 800 000 years. Despite the fact that all three parameters are largely dust-derived, the ratio of nssCa2+ to particulate dust is dependent on the particulate dust concentration itself. We used principal component analysis to extract the joint climatic signal and produce a common high-resolution record of dust flux. This new record is used to identify Antarctic warming events during the past eight glacial periods. The phasing of dust flux and CO2 changes during glacial-interglacial transitions reveals that iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean during the past nine glacial terminations was not the dominant factor in the deglacial rise of CO2 concentrations. Rapid changes in dust flux during glacial terminations and Antarctic warming events point to a rapid response of the southern westerly wind belt in the region of southern South American dust sources on changing climate conditions. The clear lead of these dust changes on temperature rise suggests that an atmospheric reorganization occurred in the Southern Hemisphere before the Southern Ocean warmed significantly.
    Keywords: Dome C; Dome C, Antarctica; EDC; EPICA; EPICA Dome C; European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica; ICEDRILL; Ice drill
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    EDC dust flux 800 kyr (full resolution) (2012)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Keywords: AGE; DEPTH, ice/snow; Dome C; Dome C, Antarctica; Dust, flux; EDC; EPICA; EPICA Dome C; European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica; ICEDRILL; Ice drill
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 298205 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Chemical measurements from the EPICA Dome C core (2006)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wolff, Eric William; Fischer, Hubertus; Ruth, Urs; Twarloh, Birthe; Littot, Geneviève C; Mulvaney, Robert; Röthlisberger, Regine; de Angelis, Martine; Boutron, Claude F; Hansson, Margareta E; Jonsell, Ulf; Hutterli, Manuel A; Lambert, Fabrice; Kaufmann, Patrik R; Stauffer, Bernhard; Stocker, Thomas F; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Bigler, Matthias; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Udisti, Roberto; Becagli, Silvia; Castellano, Emiliano; Severi, Mirko; Wagenbach, Dietmar; Barbante, Carlo; Gabrielli, Paolo; Gaspari, Vania (2006): Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles. Nature, 440, 491-496, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04614
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Description: Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial cycle, data were sparse. Here we present continuous chemical proxy data spanning the last eight glacial cycles (740,000 years) from the Dome C Antarctic ice core. These data constrain winter sea-ice extent in the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean biogenic productivity and Patagonian climatic conditions. We found that maximum sea-ice extent is closely tied to Antarctic temperature on multi-millennial timescales, but less so on shorter timescales. Biological dimethylsulphide emissions south of the polar front seem to have changed little with climate, suggesting that sulphur compounds were not active in climate regulation. We observe large glacial-interglacial contrasts in iron deposition, which we infer reflects strongly changing Patagonian conditions. During glacial terminations, changes in Patagonia apparently preceded sea-ice reduction, indicating that multiple mechanisms may be responsible for different phases of CO2 increase during glacial terminations. We observe no changes in internal climatic feedbacks that could have caused the change in amplitude of Antarctic temperature variations observed 440,000 years ago.
    Keywords: Dome C; Dome C, Antarctica; EDC; EPICA; EPICA Dome C; European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica; ICEDRILL; Ice drill
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
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