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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Magnetic properties of sputtered Gd thin films grown on Si (100) substrates kept at two different temperatures were investigated using X-ray diffraction, ac magnetic susceptibility, and dc magnetization measurements. The obtained Gd thin films have a mixture of hcp and fcc structures, but with their fractions depending on the substrate temperature T S and film thickness x . Gd fcc samples were obtained when T S  = 763 K and x  = 10 nm, while the hcp structure was stabilized for lower T S (300 K) and thicker film (20 nm). The fcc structure is formed on the Ta buffer layer, while the hcp phase grows on the fcc Gd layer as a consequence of the lattice relaxation process. Spin reorientation phenomenon, commonly found in bulk Gd species, was also observed in the hcp Gd thin film. This phenomenon is assumed to cause the magnetization anomalous increase observed below 50 K in stressed Gd films. Magnetic properties of fcc Gd thin films are: Curie temperature above 300 K, saturation magnetization value of about 175 emu/cm 3 , and coercive field of about 100 Oe at 300 K; features that allow us to classify Gd thin films, with fcc structure, as a soft ferromagnetic material.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-12-20
    Description: During Salmonella Typhimurium infection, intestinal CX 3 CR1 + cells can either extend transepithelial cellular processes to sample luminal bacteria or, very early after infection, migrate into the intestinal lumen to capture bacteria. However, until now, the biological relevance of the intraluminal migration of CX 3 CR1 + cells remained to be determined. We addressed this by using a combination of mouse strains differing in their ability to carry out CX 3 CR1-mediated sampling and intraluminal migration. We observed that the number of S. Typhimurium traversing the epithelium did not differ between sampling-competent/migration-competent C57BL/6 and sampling-deficient/migration-competent BALB/c mice. In contrast, in sampling-deficient/migration-deficient CX 3 CR1 –/– mice the numbers of S. Typhimurium penetrating the epithelium were significantly higher. However, in these mice the number of invading S. Typhimurium was significantly reduced after the adoptive transfer of CX 3 CR1 + cells directly into the intestinal lumen, consistent with intraluminal CX 3 CR1 + cells preventing S. Typhimurium from infecting the host. This interpretation was also supported by a higher bacterial fecal load in CX 3 CR1 +/gfp compared with CX 3 CR1 gfp/gfp mice following oral infection. Furthermore, by using real-time in vivo imaging we observed that CX 3 CR1 + cells migrated into the lumen moving through paracellular channels within the epithelium. Also, we reported that the absence of CX 3 CR1-mediated sampling did not affect Ab responses to a noninvasive S. Typhimurium strain that specifically targeted the CX 3 CR1-mediated entry route. These data showed that the rapidly deployed CX 3 CR1 + cell–based mechanism of immune exclusion is a defense mechanism against pathogens that complements the mucous and secretory IgA Ab–mediated system in the protection of intestinal mucosal surface.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The apical seal of roots obturated with a dentin bonding agent and Thermafill with and without the use of sodium hypo-chlorite as an irrigating solution was compared by a dye leakage test. Roots obturated with Thermafill and a zinc oxide eugenol sealer were used as controls. Thirty-eight roots were prepared chemomech-anically and divided into three experimental groups. The teeth of group 1 were filled with Thermafill and the dentin bonding agent using sodium hypochlorite as the irrigant. The teeth of group 2 were filled in the same way, but saline solution was used as the irrigant. Before the root canal was filled the smear layer was removed from the root canal walls of both groups by rinsing the root canal with a 17% EDTA solution. The teeth of group 3 were filled with Thermafill and a zinc oxide eugenol sealer. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution. The root fillings of groups 1 and 2 leaked significantly more than those of group 3. The resin-dentin-guttaper-cha interface of group 1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy and showed a typical hybrid layer. An intimate contact between resin and dentin was present in group 2, but a resin-dentin inter-diffusion zone was only occasionally observed. The use of dental adhesives and the hybrid layer formation did not improve the seal of Thermafill root canal Wings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 37 (1975), S. 1421-1424 
    ISSN: 0022-1902
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Arteries ; Blood supply ; Angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le présent article est la quatrième partie d'un étude d'ensemble de la circulation artérielle du pancréas et complète l'étude d'ensemble de la vascularisation artérielle de la tête du pancréas par celle des aa. pancréatico-duodénales antérieure et inférieure, et postérieure et inférieure, et avec quelques sources vasculaires plus mineures n'appartenant pas au classique système des arcades pancréatico-duodénales. L'objet de cette étude d'ensemble est de résumer les études anatomiques depuis les publications de Haller et de complèter autant que possible avec un matériel original angiographique les notions anatomiques classiques. Dans ce but, ce travail repose sur l'étude de 1015 angiographies sélectives (tronc cœliaque et ses branches, a. mésentérique supérieure) prisent dans les archives angiographiques des instituts de radiographiques de Sienne, Rome (université catholique) et Pérouse. Sur le plan angiographique, les auteurs ont pu démontrer que l'a. pancréatico-duodénale antérieure et inférieure, présente dans la plupart des cas, naissait de l'a. pancréatico-duodédale inférieure, d'un tronc commun avec l'a. pancréatico-duodénale postérieure et inférieure et la première a. jéjunale, de la première a. jéjunale, ou de l'a. mésentérique supérieure. D'autre part, l'a. pancréatico-duodénale inférieure et postérieure était plus variable et naissait de l'a. pancréatico-duodénale inférieure, d'un tronc commun avec l'a. pancréticoduodénale antérieure et inférieure et la première a. jéjunale, de l'a. mésentérique supérieure, de l'a. pancréatique dorsale, ou de l'a. hépatique accessoire droite d'origine mésentérique supérieure. En outre, des branches pancréatiques mineures pour la tête du pancréas naissent de l'a. gastro-duodénale, de l'a. pancréatique dorsale, de l'a. hépatique commune, et de l'a. phrénique inférieure droite. Les autres origines de l'a. pancrético-duodénale inférieure, précédemment rapportées, mais non détectables angiographiquement, de même que des sources vasculaires mineures pour la tête du pancréas ont été répertoriées. Les auteurs soulignent et discutent des opinions divergentes sur l'incidence des différentes voies de l'a. pancréaticoduodénale inférieure et tentent d'expliquer la variabilité de l'anatomie vasculaire de la tête du pancréas sur la base d'hypothèses embryologiques.
    Notes: Summary The present article is the fourth part of a comprehensive review of the arterial blood supply of the pancreas and completes the study of the arterial vascularization of the pancreatic head dealing with the anterior inferior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. and with some minor sources of blood supply not involving the classical system of the pancreaticoduodenal arches. The aim of this review is to summarise the anatomical studies, starting from Haller's reports, and to supply, as far as possible with original material, angiographic evidence for the classic anatomical concepts. For this purpose, 1015 selective angiographs (celiac trunk and its branches, superior mesenteric a.) were taken from the angiographic archives of the Institutes of Radiology of Siena, Rome (Catholic University), and Perugia. These demonstrated the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., present in most instances, as arising from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., from a common trunk with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. and the 1st jejunal a., from the 1st jejunal a. or from the superior mesenteric a.; on the other hand, the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. was more variable, originating from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., from a common trunk with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. and the 1st jejunal a., from the superior mesenteric a., from the dorsal pancreatic a., or from a right accessory hepatic a. coming from the superior mesenteric a. In addition, minor branches to the head of the pancreas arose from the gastroduodenal a., the dorsal pancreatic a., the common hepatic a. and the inferior right phrenic a. Other origins of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. previously reported, but not angiographically detectable with certainty, as well as further minor sources of blood supply to the head of the pancreas, have been listed. The differing opinions regarding the incidence of the various ways the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. arise are discussed and an attempt is made to explain the variability of the vascular anatomy of the pancreatic head on embryologic grounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Blood supply ; Dorsal pancreatic artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present article is the fifth part of a comprehensive review on the arterial blood supply of the pancreas and deals with the dorsal pancreatic artery. The aim of this review is to summarise the anatomic studies, starting from Haller’s reports, and to supply, as far as possible with original material, angiographic evidence for the classic anatomic notions. For this purpose, the overall research was carried out by studying 1015 selective angiographies (celiac trunk and its branches, superior mesenteric artery) taken from the angiographic archives of the Institutes of Radiology of Siena, Rome (Catholic University), and Perugia. Angiographically, the authors could demonstrate the dorsal pancreatic artery, present in most instances, as arising from the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery or celiac trunk and accessory right hepatic artery as coming from the superior mesenteric artery. Variations in the course and length of the dorsal pancreatic artery were demonstrated as well as some collateral branches. The authors underline the discordant opinions still existing regarding the incidence of the different ways the dorsal pancreatic artery arises, and discuss its uncertain embryologic development and surgical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 17 (1995), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Blood supply ; Arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'anatomie de la vascularisation du pancréas a fait l'objet de nombreux travaux. Les résultats de ces études n'ont jamais été récapitulés en détail, même dans les livres les plus importants. C'est pourquoi une certaine confusion est née, spécialement en ce qui concerne l'interprétation de la nomenclature utilisée pour indentifer les artères pancréatiques. Ce travail résume plus de deux siècles d'études d'anatomie générale de la vascularisation du pancréas, il clarifie la nomenclature des artères et souligne les points sur lesquels les anatomistes ne sont pas d'accord. En outre il fournit, autant que faire se peut, des documents concernant de nombreuses observations antérieures rapportées uniquement oralement. Dans ce but plus de 200 références ont été consultées directement pour fournir la documentation anatomique de ce sujet et plus de 1000 angiographies ont été étudiées pour illustrer ce travail avec des figures originales. Le présent article sur les artères pancréatico-duodénale supérieure et pancréatico-duodénale antéro-supérieure est le premier d'une série de travaux se rapportant à la vascularisation du pancréas.
    Notes: Summary The gross anatomy of the pancreatic blood supply has been subjected to numerous studies. The results of such studies, however, have never been summarized in detail, even in the most important textbooks. For this reason, a certain confusion was generated, especially regarding the interpretation of the nomenclature used to identify pancreatic arteries. This review summarizes more than two centuries of studies of the gross anatomy of the pancreatic blood supply, clarifies the arterial nomenclature, and underlines the aspects about which anatomists are not in agreement. Moreover, it supplies, as far as possible, documentary evidence for numerous observations previously reported only verbally. For this purpose, more than 200 references were directly consulted to provide the anatomical background of the topic, and more than 1000 angiograms were studied to support the review with original figures. The present paper, on the superior pancreaticoduodenal and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, is the first of a series of articles dealing with the pancreatic blood supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Blood supply ; Dorsal pancreatic artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article sur l'artère pancréatique dorsale représente le cinquième d'une étude d'ensemble sur la vascularisation artérielle du pancréas. Le but de cette étude est de résumer les recherches scientifiques depuis les rapports de Hallers, et de fournir avec un support original si possible, des preuves angiographiques des notions anatomiques classiques. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'ensemble de la recherche a été réalisée en sélectionnant et en étudiant 1 015 angiographies (tronc coeliaque et ses branches, artère mésentérique supérieure) puisées dans les archives angiographiques de l'Institut de Radiologie de Sienne, de l'Université Catholique de Rome et Perugia. Angiographiquement, les auteurs pourraient démontrer que l'artère pancréatique dorsale, présente dans la plupart des cas, comme issue de l'artère splénique, de l'artère hépatique commune, de l'artère mésentérique supérieure, du tronc coeliaque et accessoirement de l'artère hépatique droite issue de l'artère mésentérique supérieure. Des variations dans la position et la longueur de l'artère pancréatique dorsale sont démontrées, tout comme quelques branches collatérales. Les auteurs soulignent les opinions discordantes qui demeurent concernant l'incidence des différentes directions dans lesquelles l'artère pancréatique dorsale se dirige et discutent son développement embryologique incertain et son intérêt chirurgical.
    Notes: Summary The present article is the fifth part of a comprehensive review on the arterial blood supply of the pancreas and deals with the dorsal pancreatic artery. The aim of this review is to summarise the anatomic studies, starting from Haller's reports, and to supply, as far as possible with original material, angiographic evidence for the classic anatomic notions. For this purpose, the overall research was carried out by studying 1015 selective angiographies (celiac trunk and its branches, superior mesenteric artery) taken from the angiographic archives of the Institutes of Radiology of Siena, Rome (Catholic University), and Perugia. Angiographically, the authors could demonstrate the dorsal pancreatic artery, present in most instances, as arising from the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery or celiac trunk and accessory right hepatic artery as coming from the superior mesenteric artery. Variations in the course and length of the dorsal pancreatic artery were demonstrated as well as some collateral branches. The authors underline the discordant opinions still existing regarding the incidence of the different ways the dorsal pancreatic artery arises, and discuss its uncertain embryologic development and surgical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 18 (1996), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Blood supply ; Arteries ; Angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article est la troisième partie d'une étude détaillée de la vascularisation artérielle du pancréas et traite de l'a. pancréatico-duodénale inférieure. Le but de ce travail est de résumer les études anatomiques, depuis la publication de Haller, et de fournir autant qu'il est possible, avec un matériel original, les preuves angiographiques des notions anatomiques classiques. Pour cela, la recherche complète a été menée sur le choix et l'ðude de 1015 angiographies sélectives (tronc coeliaque et ses branches, a. mésentérique supérieure) tirées des archives angiographiques des instituts de radiologie de Sienne, Rome (université catholique) et Pérouse. Sur les angiographies les auteurs ont observé l'a. pancréatico-duodénale inférieure, présente dans la plupart des cas, naissant de l'a. mésentérique supérieure, de l'a. hépatique droite accessoire, ou d'un tronc commun avec la première ou les deux premières aa. jéjunales. Quelques variantes ont été montrées dans son trajet. Les auteurs soulignent et discutent les opinions encore divergentes sur la fréquence des différentes origines de l'a. pancréatico-duodénale inférieure et sur leur importance chirurgicale.
    Notes: Summary This article is the third part of a comprehensive review on the pancreatic arterial blood supply and deals with the inferior pancreaticoducdenal a. The aim of this review is to summarise the anatomical studies, starting from Haller's reports, and to supply as far as possible, with original material, angiographic evidences for the classic anatomical notions. For this purpose, the overall research was carried out by picking out and studying 1015 selective angiographies (celiac trunk and its branches, superior mesenteric a.) taken from the angiographic archives of the Institutes of Radiology of Siena, Rome (Catholic University), and Perugia. Angiographically, the authors observed the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., present in most instances, as arising from the superior mesenteric a., from the right accessory hepatic a., or from a common trunk with the first or the first two jejunal aa. Some variations of the course have been shown. The authors underline and discuss the discordant opinions still existing regarding the incidence of the different ways the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. arises and the surgical importance of the variation of origin of this artery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Arteries ; Blood supply ; Angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present article is the fourth part of a comprehensive review of the arterial blood supply of the pancreas and completes the study of the arterial vascularization of the pancreatic head dealing with the anterior inferior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. and with some minor sources of blood supply not involving the classical system of the pancreaticoduodenal arches. The aim of this review is to summarise the anatomical studies, starting from Haller’s reports, and to supply, as far as possible with original material, angiographic evidence for the classic anatomical concepts. For this purpose, 1015 selective angiographs (celiac trunk and its branches, superior mesenteric a.) were taken from the angiographic archives of the Institutes of Radiology of Siena, Rome (Catholic University), and Perugia. These demonstrated the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., present in most instances, as arising from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., from a common trunk with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. and the 1st jejunal a., from the 1st jejunal a. or from the superior mesenteric a.; on the other hand, the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. was more variable, originating from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., from a common trunk with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. and the 1st jejunal a., from the superior mesenteric a., from the dorsal pancreatic a., or from a right accessory hepatic a. coming from the superior mesenteric a. In addition, minor branches to the head of the pancreas arose from the gastroduodenal a., the dorsal pancreatic a., the common hepatic a. and the inferior right phrenic a. Other origins of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. previously reported, but not angiographically detectable with certainty, as well as further minor sources of blood supply to the head of the pancreas, have been listed. The differing opinions regarding the incidence of the various ways the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. arise are discussed and an attempt is made to explain the variability of the vascular anatomy of the pancreatic head on embryologic grounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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